Paul Holland

Ocean/Ice Scientist IMP 3

Biography

I am a rapidly-ageing ice/ocean scientist in the Shelf Seas oceanography group at BAS, and an honorary professor at the University of Bristol. My research focusses on the physics of polar oceans, sea ice (frozen seawater), and ice sheets (glacial ice, formed from compacted snow). The Antarctic Ice Sheet is losing ice, causing sea-level rise, and this has been caused by changes in oceanic melting of its floating ice shelves. My main research focus is to understand why this ice loss is occurring, and how it may change in future.

List of publications

http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/met/ph/pubs.html

Biographical ramblings

Back in 1998, I somehow emerged from the University of East Anglia with a degree in Mathematics with Environmental Science. I moved to Loughborough University for my Ph.D., where I studied the physics of the thermal bar, a sinking current that forms in cold lakes. The project was particularly focussed on Lake Baikal in Siberia, a truly amazing place, and I visited the Russian Academy of Sciences institute in Irkutsk as part of the project.

After that, I spent 18 months at the Met Office as a developer of the Forecasting Ocean Assimilation Model, which produced 5-day forecasts of the world’s oceans. This taught me about the astonishing effort required to produce the weather forecasts that we all take for granted. I then escaped to a postdoctoral position at the Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, University College London, where I worked on simplified models of glacial meltwater which flows along the base of Antarctic ice shelves.

This work neatly led to my current research at BAS, which I joined way back in 2005. I have used many research tools over the years, including complicated numerical models and simple physical theories. I have also pursued studies that rely entirely on observations or laboratory experiments, and long ago I joined a research cruise to the Bellingshausen Sea (during which I wrote a blog).

Rather than identifying as an ‘oceanographer’, ‘modeller’, ‘physicist’, ‘climate scientist’, ‘mathematician’, etc. etc., I would like to just be a general scientist that tries to address important ice and ocean questions by whatever means are necessary. This usually means working with other scientists with different expertise, and it turns out I enjoy that part. Some people just radiate clarity and rigour, and I am always happy to be near one of those. For me there is a strong aesthetic quality to good science, and there is nothing I like better than to see a game-changing result presented in a neat way. I also like to have a bit of a laugh during work hours, which is convenient because the modern scientific life seems to create many opportunities for amusement.

Chronology

2020-present Individual Merit Scientist, British Antarctic Survey
2019-present Honorary Professor, University of Bristol
2016-2022 Honorary Lecturer, University of East Anglia
2015-2022 Visiting Fellow, University of Southampton
2015-2020 Shelf Seas Group Leader, British Antarctic Survey
2010-2015 Ocean Modeller, British Antarctic Survey
2009-2012 Associate Lecturer, Open University
2005-2010 Ice-Ocean Modeller, British Antarctic Survey
2003-2005 Post-doctoral Researcher, CPOM, University College London
2001-2003 Ocean Model Development Scientist, Met Office
1998-2001 Ph.D., Dept. of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University
1995-1998 B.Sc. Maths with Environmental Science, University of East Anglia

Ph.D. Students I have suffered

2023-present   Emma Cameron (St Andrews)
2022-present   Katie Lowery (BAS/Leeds)
2022-present   Katherine Turner (BAS/Southampton)
2021-present Josephine Anselin (BAS/Cambridge)
2020-present Emma White (Northumbria)
2019-2023 Will Scott (Imperial)
2019-2023 Jo Zanker (BAS/Southampton)
2017-2021 Leo Middleton (Cambridge)
2016-2021 Rachael Sanders (BAS/Southampton)
2016-2020 Lianne Harrison (BAS/UEA)
2016-2020 David Bett (BAS/Southampton)
2015-2019 Rebecca Frew (Reading)
2014-2018 Erik Mackie (Bristol)
2014-2018 Ben Yeager (Imperial)
2014-2018 Ryan Patmore (BAS/Southampton)
2013-2017   Heather Regan (BAS/Cardiff)
2012-2017   Mohamed Elmaghrbi (Nottingham)
2011-2014   Jim Jordan (BAS/Imperial)
2010-2014 Tom Millgate (BAS/Oxford)
2010-2013   Alek Petty (University College London)
2008-2012 Carl Gladish (New York University)

Postdocs who have suffered me

2023-present Birgit Rogalla
2023-present Yavor Kostov
2023-present Tarkan Bilge
2021-present Michael Haigh
2020-present David Bett
2020-2024 Felipe Gomez-Valdivia
2020-2023 Kaitlin Naughten
2019-2022 Stefanie Mack
2019-2022 Antony Siahaan
2019-2020 Louis Couston
2018-2019 Erik Mackie
2018-2020 Ryan Patmore
2017-2022 Caroline Holmes
2015-2017 Jim Jordan
2014-2016 Joakim Kjellsson
2013-2021 Sudipta Goswami
2013-2021 Ruth Mugford
2012-2013 Marius Arthun
2012-2013 Nicolas Bruneau
2011-2013 Jan De Rydt
2010-2014 Toshi Kimura
2009-2012 Clare Enright

Research interests

Collaborations

List of publications

The list below is imported from the NORA database. For a better list, with PDFs, see http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/met/ph/pubs.html

Publications from NERC Open Research Archive

2024

Holmes, Caroline R. , Bracegirdle, Thomas J. , Holland, Paul R. , Stroeve, Julienne, Wilkinson, Jeremy . (2024) Brief communication: New perspectives on the skill of modelled sea ice trends in light of recent Antarctic sea ice loss. The Cryosphere, 18 (). 12 pp. doi:10.5194/tc-18-5641-2024

Collins, Matthew, Beverley, Jonathan D., Bracegirdle, Thomas J. , Catto, Jennifer, McCrystall, Michelle, Dittus, Andrea, Freychet, Nicolas, Grist, Jeremy , Hegerl, Gabriele C., Holland, Paul R. , Holmes, Caroline , Josey, Simon A. , Joshi, Manoj, Hawkins, Ed, Lo, Eunice, Lord, Natalie, Mitchell, Dann, Monerie, Paul-Arthur, Priestley, Matthew D. K., Scaife, Adam, Screen, James, Senior, Natasha, Sexton, David, Shuckburgh, Emily, Siegert, Stefan, Simpson, Charles, Stephenson, David B., Sutton, Rowan, Thompson, Vikki, Wilcox, Laura J., Woollings, Tim. (2024) Emerging signals of climate change from the equator to the poles: new insights into a warming world. Frontiers in Science, 2 (). 20 pp. 10.3389/fsci.2024.1340323

Twelves, A.G., Goldberg, D.N., Holland, P.R. , Henley, S.F., Mazloff, M.R., Jones, D.C. . (2024) Chlorophyll Production in the Amundsen Sea Boosts Heat Flux to Atmosphere and Weakens Heat Flux to Ice Shelves. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 129 (). 22 pp. 10.1029/2024JC021121

Dalaiden, Quentin, Abram, Nerilie J., Goosse, Hugues, Holland, Paul R. , O'Connor, Gemma K., Topál, Dániel. (2024) Multi-Decadal Variability of Amundsen Sea Low Controlled by Natural Tropical and Anthropogenic Drivers. Geophysical Research Letters, 51 (). 13 pp. 10.1029/2024GL109137

Anselin, J. , Holland, P.R. , Jenkins, A., Taylor, J.R.. (2024) Ice Base Slope Effects on the Turbulent Ice Shelf–Ocean Boundary Current. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 54 (). pp. 10.1175/JPO-D-23-0256.1

Bett, David T. , Bradley, Alexander T. , Williams, C. Rosie, Holland, Paul R. , Arthern, Robert J. , Goldberg, Daniel N.. (2024) Coupled ice–ocean interactions during future retreat of West Antarctic ice streams in the Amundsen Sea sector. The Cryosphere, 18 (). 23 pp. 10.5194/tc-18-2653-2024

Haigh, Michael , Holland, Paul R. . (2024) Decadal variability of ice-shelf melting in the Amundsen Sea driven by sea-ice freshwater fluxes. Geophysical Research Letters, 51 (). 10 pp. 10.1029/2024GL108406

Cheng, C., Jenkins, A. , Holland, P.R. , Wang, Z., Dong, J., Liu, C.. (2024) Ice shelf basal channel shape determines channelized ice-ocean interactions. Nature Communications, 15 (). 14 pp. 10.1038/s41467-024-47351-z

Bradley, Alexander T. , Bett, David T. , Holland, Paul R. , Williams, C. Rosie, Arthern, Robert J. , De Rydt, Jan. (2024) A framework for estimating the anthropogenic part of Antarctica’s sea level contribution in a synthetic setting. Communications Earth and Environment, 5 (). 12 pp. 10.1038/s43247-024-01287-w

Zanker, Joanna C. , Young, Emma , Holland, Paul R. , Haigh, Ivan D., Brickle, Paul. (2024) Oceanographic Variability in Cumberland Bay, South Georgia, and Its Implications for Glacier Retreat. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 129 (). pp. 10.1029/2023JC020507

Drijfhout, S.S., Bull, C.Y.S., Hewitt, H., Holland, P.R. , Jenkins, A., Mathiot, P., Garabato, A.N.. (2024) An Amundsen Sea source of decadal temperature changes on the Antarctic continental shelf. Ocean Dynamics, 74 (). 16 pp. 10.1007/s10236-023-01587-3

2023

Sanders, R.N.C. , Meijers, A.J.S. , Holland, P.R. , Naveira Garabato, A.C.. (2023) Sea Ice‐Driven Variability in the Pacific Subantarctic Mode Water Formation Regions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 128 (). 22 pp. 10.1029/2023JC020006

Himmich, K., Vancoppenolle, M., Madec, G., Sallée, J-B., Holland, P.R. , Lebrun, M.. (2023) Drivers of Antarctic sea ice advance. Nature Communications, 14 (). 9 pp. 10.1038/s41467-023-41962-8

Naughten, Kaitlin A. , Holland, Paul R. , De Rydt, Jan. (2023) Unavoidable future increase in West Antarctic ice-shelf melting over the twenty-first century. Nature Climate Change, (). 20 pp. 10.1038/s41558-023-01818-x

O'Connor, Gemma K., Holland, Paul R. , Steig, Eric J., Dutrieux, Pierre , Hakim, Gregory J.. (2023) Characteristics and rarity of the strong 1940s westerly wind event over the Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica. The Cryosphere, 17 (). pp. 10.5194/tc-17-4399-2023

Goldberg, Daniel N., Twelves, Andrew G., Holland, Paul R. , Wearing, Martin G.. (2023) The non‐local impacts of Antarctic subglacial runoff. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 128 (). 18 pp. 10.1029/2023JC019823

Thomas, Max, Ridley, Jeff K., Smith, Inga J., Stevens, David P., Holland, Paul R. , Mackie, Shona. (2023) Future Response of Antarctic Continental Shelf Temperatures to Ice Shelf Basal Melting and Calving. Geophysical Research Letters, 50 (). 10 pp. 10.1029/2022GL102101

Lambert, Erwin, Jüling, André, van de Wal, Roderik S. W., Holland, Paul R. . (2023) Modelling Antarctic ice shelf basal melt patterns using the one-layer Antarctic model for dynamical downscaling of ice–ocean exchanges (LADDIE v1.0). The Cryosphere, 17 (). 26 pp. 10.5194/tc-17-3203-2023

Zhou, Shenjie , Meijers, Andrew J.S. , Meredith, Michael P. , Abrahamsen, E. Povl , Holland, Paul R. , Silvano, Alessandro, Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Østerhus, Svein. (2023) Slowdown of Antarctic Bottom Water export driven by climatic wind and sea ice changes. Nature Climate Change, 13 (). pp. 10.1038/s41558-023-01695-4

Wang, J., Luo, H., Yu, L., Li, X., Holland, P.R. , Yang, Q.. (2023) The impacts of combined SAM and ENSO on seasonal Antarctic sea ice changes. Journal of Climate, 36 (). 35 pp. 10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0679.1

Haigh, Michael , Holland, Paul R. , Jenkins, Adrian. (2023) The Influence of Bathymetry Over Heat Transport Onto the Amundsen Sea Continental Shelf. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 128 (). 19 pp. 10.1029/2022JC019460

Holland, Paul R. , Bevan, Suzanne L., Luckman, Adrian J.. (2023) Strong Ocean Melting Feedback During the Recent Retreat of Thwaites Glacier. Geophysical Research Letters, 50 (). 10 pp. 10.1029/2023GL103088

Scott, William I., Kramer, Stephan C., Holland, Paul R. , Nicholls, Keith W. , Siegert, Martin J., Piggott, Matthew D.. (2023) Towards a fully unstructured ocean model for ice shelf cavity environments: Model development and verification using the Firedrake finite element framework. Ocean Modelling, 182 (). 20 pp. 10.1016/j.ocemod.2023.102178

Gómez‐Valdivia, Felipe , Holland, Paul , Siahaan, Antony, Dutrieux, Pierre , Young, Emma . (2023) Projected West Antarctic Ocean Warming Caused by an Expansion of the Ross Gyre. Geophysical Research Letters, 50 (). 11 pp. 10.1029/2023GL102978

Davison, Benjamin J., Hogg, Anna E., Rigby, Richard, Veldhuijsen, Sanne, van Wessem, Jan Melchior, van den Broeke, Michiel R., Holland, Paul R. , Selley, Heather L., Dutrieux, Pierre . (2023) Sea level rise from West Antarctic mass loss significantly modified by large snowfall anomalies. Nature Communications, 14 (). 13 pp. 10.1038/s41467-023-36990-3

Patmore, Ryan D. , Holland, Paul R. , Vreugdenhil, Catherine A., Jenkins, Adrian, Taylor, John R.. (2023) Turbulence in the ice shelf–ocean boundary current and its sensitivity to model resolution. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 53 (). 21 pp. 10.1175/JPO-D-22-0034.1

2022

Silvano, Alessandro, Holland, Paul R. , Naughten, Kaitlin A. , Dragomir, Oana, Dutrieux, Pierre , Jenkins, Adrian, Si, Yidongfang, Stewart, Andrew L., Peña Molino, Beatriz, Janzing, Gregor W., Dotto, Tiago S., Naveira Garabato, Alberto C.. (2022) Baroclinic Ocean Response to Climate Forcing Regulates Decadal Variability of Ice‐Shelf Melting in the Amundsen Sea. Geophysical Research Letters, 49 (). 10 pp. 10.1029/2022GL100646

Holland, Paul R. , O'Connor, Gemma K., Bracegirdle, Thomas J. , Dutrieux, Pierre , Naughten, Kaitlin A. , Steig, Eric J., Schneider, David P., Jenkins, Adrian, Smith, James A. . (2022) Anthropogenic and internal drivers of wind changes over the Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica, during the 20th and 21st centuries. The Cryosphere, 16 (). pp. 10.5194/tc-16-5085-2022

Bradley, A.T. , Bett, D.T. , Dutrieux, P. , De Rydt, J., Holland, P.R. . (2022) The influence of Pine Island Ice Shelf calving on basal melting. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 127 (). 27 pp. 10.1029/2022JC018621

Li, Xuewei, Yang, Qinghua, Yu, Lejiang, Holland, Paul , Min, Chao, Mu, Longjiang, Chen, Dake. (2022) Unprecedented Arctic sea ice thickness loss and multiyear-ice volume export through Fram Strait during 2010-2011. Environmental Research Letters, 17 (). 10 pp. 10.1088/1748-9326/ac8be7

Bradley, Alexander T. , De Rydt, Jan, Bett, David T. , Dutrieux, Pierre , Holland, Paul R. . (2022) The ice dynamic and melting response of Pine Island Ice Shelf to calving. Annals of Glaciology, 63 (). 5 pp. 10.1017/aog.2023.24

Vreugdenhil, Catherine A., Taylor, John R., Davis, Peter E.D. , Nicholls, Keith W. , Holland, Paul R. , Jenkins, Adrian. (2022) The Ocean Boundary Layer beneath Larsen C Ice Shelf: Insights from Large-Eddy Simulations with a Near-Wall Model. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 52 (). pp. 10.1175/JPO-D-21-0166.1

Holmes, C.R. , Bracegirdle, T.J. , Holland, P.R. . (2022) Antarctic sea ice projections constrained by historical ice cover and future global temperature change. Geophysical Research Letters, 49 (). 10 pp. 10.1029/2021GL097413

Goldberg, D.N., Holland, P.R. . (2022) The relative impacts of initialization and climate forcing in coupled ice sheet‐ocean modeling application to Pope, Smith and Kohler glaciers. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 127 (). pp. 10.1029/2021JF006570

Naughten, Kaitlin A. , Holland, Paul R. , Dutrieux, Pierre , Kimura, Satoshi, Bett, David T. , Jenkins, Adrian. (2022) Simulated twentieth-century ocean warming in the Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica. Geophysical Research Letters, 49 (). 10 pp. 10.1029/2021GL094566

Harrison, Lianne C. , Holland, Paul R. , Heywood, Karen J., Nicholls, Keith W. , Brisbourne, Alex M. . (2022) Sensitivity of melting, freezing and marine ice beneath Larsen C Ice Shelf to changes in ocean forcing. Geophysical Research Letters, 49 (). 10 pp. 10.1029/2021GL096914

Durand, Gaël, van den Broeke, Michiel R., Le Cozannet, Goneri, Edwards, Tamsin L., Holland, Paul R. , Jourdain, Nicolas C., Marzeion, Ben, Mottram, Ruth, Nicholls, Robert J., Pattyn, Frank, Paul, Frank, Slangen, Aimée B.A., Winkelmann, Ricarda, Burgard, Clara, van Calcar, Caroline J., Barré, Jean-Baptiste, Bataille, Amélie, Chapuis, Anne. (2022) Sea-level rise: From global perspectives to local services. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8 (). 8 pp. 10.3389/fmars.2021.709595

2021

Smith, Robin S., Mathiot, Pierre, Siahaan, Antony, Lee, Victoria, Cornford, Stephen L., Gregory, Jonathan M., Payne, Antony J., Jenkins, Adrian , Holland, Paul R. , Ridley, Jeff K., Jones, Colin G.. (2021) Coupling the U.K. Earth System Model to dynamic models of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 13 (). 33 pp. 10.1029/2021MS002520

Li, Xichen, Cai, Wenju, Meehl, Gerald A., Chen, Dake, Yuan, Xiaojun, Raphael, Marilyn, Holland, David M., Ding, Qinghua, Fogt, Ryan L., Markle, Bradley R., Wang, Guojian, Bromwich, David H., Turner, John , Xie, Shang-Ping, Steig, Eric J., Gille, Sarah T., Xiao, Cunde, Wu, Bingyi, Lazzara, Matthew A., Chen, Xianyao, Stammerjohn, Sharon, Holland, Paul R. , Holland, Marika M., Cheng, Xiao, Price, Stephen F., Wang, Zhaomin, Bitz, Cecilia M., Shi, Jiuxin, Gerber, Edwin P., Liang, Xi, Goosse, Hugues, Yoo, Changhyun, Ding, Minghu, Geng, Lei, Xin, Meijiao, Li, Chuanjin, Dou, Tingfeng, Liu, Chengyan, Sun, Weijun, Wang, Xinyue, Song, Chentao. (2021) Tropical teleconnection impacts on Antarctic climate changes. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 2 (). pp. 10.1038/s43017-021-00204-5

Naughten, Kaitlin A. , De Rydt, Jan, Rosier, Sebastian H.R., Jenkins, Adrian, Holland, Paul R. , Ridley, Jeff K.. (2021) Two-timescale response of a large Antarctic ice shelf to climate change. Nature Communications, 12 (). 10 pp. 10.1038/s41467-021-22259-0

Couston, Louis-Alexandre , Hester, Eric, Favier, Benjamin, Taylor, John R., Holland, Paul R. , Jenkins, Adrian . (2021) Topography generation by melting and freezing in a turbulent shear flow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 911 (). 37 pp. 10.1017/jfm.2020.1064

Bull, Christopher Y.S. , Jenkins, Adrian , Jourdain, Nicolas C., Vaňková, Irena , Holland, Paul R. , Mathiot, Pierre, Hausmann, Ute, Sallée, Jean-Baptiste. (2021) Remote control of Filchner‐Ronne Ice Shelf melt rates by the Antarctic Slope Current. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 126 (). pp. 10.1029/2020JC016550

Middleton, Leo , Vreugdenhil, Catherine A., Holland, Paul R. , Taylor, John R.. (2021) Numerical simulations of melt-driven double-diffusive fluxes in a turbulent boundary layer beneath an ice shelf. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 51 (). 16 pp. 10.1175/JPO-D-20-0114.1

Couston, Louis-Alexandre , Hester, Eric, Favier, Benjamin, Taylor, John R., Holland, Paul R. , Jenkins, Adrian . (2021) Topography generation by melting and freezing in a turbulent shear flow.. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 911 (). 37 pp. 10.1017/jfm.2020.1064 (In Press)

2020

Silvano, Alessandro, Foppert, Annie, Rintoul, Stephen R., Holland, Paul R. , Tamura, Takeshi, Kimura, Noriaki, Castagno, Pasquale, Falco, Pierpaolo, Budillon, Giorgio, Haumann, F. Alexander , Naveira Garabato, Alberto C., Macdonald, Alison M.. (2020) Recent recovery of Antarctic Bottom Water formation in the Ross Sea driven by climate anomalies. Nature Geoscience, 13 (). 20 pp. 10.1038/s41561-020-00655-3

Bett, David T. , Holland, Paul R. , Naveira Garabato, Alberto C., Jenkins, Adrian , Dutrieux, Pierre, Kimura, Satoshi, Fleming, Andrew . (2020) The impact of the Amundsen Sea freshwater balance on ocean melting of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 125 (). pp. 10.1029/2020JC016305

Dotto, Tiago S., Naveira Garabato, Alberto C., Wåhlin, Anna K., Bacon, Sheldon , Holland, Paul , Kimura, Satoshi, Tsamados, Michel, Herraiz‐Borreguero, Laura, Kalén, Ola, Jenkins, Adrian . (2020) Control of the oceanic heat content of the Getz‐Dotson Trough, Antarctica, by the Amundsen Sea Low. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 125 (). 19 pp. 10.1029/2020JC016113

Schultz, C., Doney, S. C., Zhang, W G., Regan, H., Holland, P. , Meredith, M.P. , Stammerjohn, S.. (2020) Modeling of the Influence of Sea Ice Cycle and Langmuir Circulation on the Upper Ocean Mixed Layer Depth and Freshwater Distribution at the West Antarctic Peninsula. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 125 (). 21 pp. 10.1029/2020JC016109

Brisbourne, Alex , Kulessa, Bernd, Hudson, Thomas , Harrison, Lianne , Holland, Paul , Luckman, Adrian, Bevan, Suzanne, Ashmore, David, Hubbard, Bryn, Pearce, Emma, White, James, Booth, Adam, Nicholls, Keith , Smith, Andrew . (2020) An updated seabed bathymetry beneath Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula. Earth System Science Data, 12 (). pp. 10.5194/essd-12-887-2020

Géraud, Baudouin M.M., Neufeld, Jerome A., Holland, Paul R. , Grae Worster, M.. (2020) Permeability measurements using oscillatory flows. Experiments in Fluids, 61 (). pp. 10.1007/s00348-020-2906-z

2019

Patmore, Ryan D. , Holland, Paul R. , Munday, David R. , Naveira Garabato, Alberto C., Stevens, David P., Meredith, Michael P. . (2019) Topographic control of Southern Ocean gyres and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current: a barotropic perspective. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 49 (). pp. 10.1175/JPO-D-19-0083.1

Dotto, Tiago S., Naveira Garabato, Alberto C., Bacon, Sheldon , Holland, Paul R. , Kimura, Satoshi, Firing, Yvonne L. , Tsamados, Michel, Wåhlin, Anna K., Jenkins, Adrian . (2019) Wind-driven processes controlling oceanic heat delivery to the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 49 (). pp. 10.1175/JPO-D-19-0064.1

Frew, R.C., Feltham, D.L., Holland, P.R. , Petty, A.A.. (2019) Sea ice – ocean feedbacks in the Antarctic shelf seas. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 49 (). pp. 10.1175/JPO-D-18-0229.1

Holland, Paul R. , Bracegirdle, Thomas J. , Dutrieux, Pierre, Jenkins, Adrian , Steig, Eric J.. (2019) West Antarctic ice loss influenced by internal climate variability and anthropogenic forcing. Nature Geoscience, 12 (). pp. 10.1038/s41561-019-0420-9

Naughten, Kaitlin , Jenkins, Adrian , Holland, Paul , Mugford, Ruth, Nicholls, Keith , Munday, Dave . (2019) Modeling the influence of the Weddell Polynya on the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf cavity. Journal of Climate, 32 (). pp. 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0203.1

Naveira Garabato, A.C., Dotto, T.S., Hooley, J., Bacon, Sheldon , Tsamados, M., Ridout, A., Frajka-Williams, Eleanor , Herraiz‐Borreguero, L., Holland, Paul R. , Heorton, H.D.B.S., Meredith, Michael P. . (2019) Phased response of the subpolar Southern Ocean to changes in circumpolar winds. Geophysical Research Letters, 46 (). pp. 10.1029/2019GL082850

Holmes, Caroline R. , Holland, Paul R. , Bracegirdle, Thomas J. . (2019) Compensating biases and a noteworthy success in the CMIP5 representation of Antarctic sea ice processes. Geophysical Research Letters, 46 (). pp. 10.1029/2018GL081796

Cerovečki, Ivana, Meijers, Andrew J.S. , Mazloff, Matthew R., Gille, Sarah T., Tamsitt, Veronica M., Holland, Paul R. . (2019) The effects of enhanced sea ice export from the Ross Sea on recent cooling and freshening of the Southeast Pacific. Journal of Climate, 32 (). pp. 10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0205.1

Cheng, Chen, Jenkins, Adrian , Holland, Paul , Wang, Zhaomin, Liu, Chengyan, Xia, Ruibin. (2019) Responses of sub-ice platelet layer thickening rate and frazil-ice concentration to variations in ice-shelf water supercooling in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. The Cryosphere, 13 (). pp. 10.5194/tc-13-265-2019

2018

. (2018) The State of the Polar Oceans 2018. , , pp. (.)

Meredith, Michael , Sundfjord, Arild, Henson, Stephanie, Meijers, Andrew , Murphy, Eugene , Bellerby, Richard, Daase, Malin, Cottier, Finlo, Belchier, Mark, Chierici, Melissa, Ellingsen, Ingrid, Falk-Petersen, Stig, Hill, Simeon , Holland, Paul , Tarling, Geraint , Trathan, Phil , Turner, John , Wilkinson, Jeremy , Batchellier, Layla, Capper, Linda, Oliver, Jamie. (2018) The state of the polar oceans 2018: making sense of our changing world. Cambridge, British Antarctic Survey, 14 pp. (.)

Dotto, Tiago S., Naveira Garabato, Alberto, Bacon, Sheldon , Tsamados, Michel, Holland, Paul R. , Hooley, Jack, Frajka-Williams, Eleanor , Ridout, Andy, Meredith, Michael P. . (2018) Variability of the Ross Gyre, Southern Ocean: drivers and responses revealed by satellite altimetry. Geophysical Research Letters, 45 (). pp. 10.1029/2018GL078607

Goldberg, D.N., Snow, K., Holland, P. , Jordan, J., Campin, J.-M., Heimbach, P., Arthern, R. , Jenkins, A. . (2018) Representing grounding line migration in synchronous coupling between a marine ice sheet model and a z -coordinate ocean model. Ocean Modelling, 125 (). pp. 10.1016/j.ocemod.2018.03.005

Regan, Heather C., Holland, Paul R. , Meredith, Michael P. , Pike, Jennifer. (2018) Sources, variability and fate of freshwater in the Bellingshausen Sea, AntarcticaSources, variability and fate of freshwater in the Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 133 (). pp. 10.1016/j.dsr.2018.01.005

Petty, Alek A., Stroeve, Julienne C., Holland, Paul R. , Boisvert, Linette N., Bliss, Angela C., Kimura, Noriaki, Meier, Walter N.. (2018) The Arctic sea ice cover of 2016: a year of record-low highs and higher-than-expected lows. The Cryosphere, 12 (). pp. 10.5194/tc-12-433-2018

Jordan, James R., Holland, Paul R. , Goldberg, Dan, Snow, Kate, Arthern, Robert , Campin, Jean-Michel, Heimbach, Patrick, Jenkins, Adrian . (2018) Ocean-forced ice-shelf thinning in a synchronously coupled ice-ocean model. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 123 (). pp. 10.1002/2017JC013251

2017

Snow, K., Goldberg, D.N., Holland, Paul R. , Jordan, James R., Arthern, Robert J. , Jenkins, Adrian . (2017) The Response of Ice Sheets to Climate Variability. Geophysical Research Letters, 44 (). pp. 10.1002/2017GL075745

Kimura, Satoshi , Jenkins, Adrian , Regan, Heather, Holland, Paul R. , Assmann, Karen M., Whitt, Daniel B., Van Wessem, Melchoir, van de Berg, Willem Jan, Reijmer, Carleen H., Dutrieux, Pierre. (2017) Oceanographic Controls on the Variability of Ice-Shelf Basal Melting and Circulation of Glacial Meltwater in the Amundsen Sea Embayment, Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 122 (). pp. 10.1002/2017JC012926

Holland, Paul R. . (2017) The transient response of ice-shelf melting to ocean change. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 47 (). pp. 10.1175/JPO-D-17-0071.1

Pope, James O. , Holland, Paul R. , Orr, Andrew , Marshall, Gareth J. , Phillips, Tony . (2017) The impacts of El Niño on the observed sea ice budget of West Antarctica. Geophysical Research Letters, 44 (). pp. 10.1002/2017GL073414

Ashmore, David W., Hubbard, Bryn, Luckman, Adrian, Kulessa, Bernd, Bevan, Suzanne, Booth, Adam, Munneke, Peter Kuipers, O'Leary, Martin, Sevestre, Heidi, Holland, Paul R. . (2017) Ice and firn heterogeneity within Larsen C Ice Shelf from borehole optical televiewing. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 122 (). pp. 10.1002/2016JF004047

2016

Kwok, R., Comiso, J.C., Lee, T., Holland, P.R. . (2016) Linked trends in the South Pacific sea ice edge and Southern Oscillation Index. Geophysical Research Letters, 43 (). pp. doi:10.1002/2016GL070655

Dinniman, Michael, Asay-Davis, Xylar, Galton-Fenzi, Benjamin, Holland, Paul , Jenkins, Adrian , Timmermann, Ralph. (2016) Modeling Ice Shelf/Ocean Interaction in Antarctica: A Review. Oceanography, 29 (). pp. doi:10.5670/oceanog.2016.106

Lecomte, O., Goosse, H., Fichefet, T., Holland, P.R. , Uotila, P., Zunz, V., Kimura, N.. (2016) Impact of surface wind biases on the Antarctic sea ice concentration budget in climate models. Ocean Modelling, 105 (). pp. doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.08.001

Cook, A.J., Holland, P.R. , Meredith, M.P. , Murray, T., Luckman, A., Vaughan, D.G. . (2016) Ocean forcing of glacier retreat in the western Antarctic Peninsula. Science, 353 (). pp. doi:10.1126/science.aae0017

Holland, Paul R. , Kimura, Noriaki. (2016) Observed concentration budgets of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice. Journal of Climate, 29 (). pp. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0121.1

Asay-Davis, Xylar S., Cornford, Stephen L., Durand, Gael, Galton-Fenzi, Benjamin K., Gladstone, Rupert M., Gudmundsson, G. Hilmar , Hattermann, Tore, Holland, David M., Holland, Denise, Holland, Paul R. , Martin, Daniel F., Mathiot, Pierre, Pattyn, Frank, Seroussi, Helene. (2016) Experimental design for three interrelated marine ice-sheet and ocean model intercomparison projects: MISMIP v. 3 (MISMIP+), ISOMIP v. 2 (ISOMIP+) and MISOMIP v. 1 (MISOMIP1). Geoscientific Model Development, 9 (). pp. 10.5194/gmd-9-2471-2016

Abernathey, Ryan P., Cerovecki, Ivana, Holland, Paul R. , Newsom, Emily, Mazloff, Matt, Talley, Lynne D.. (2016) Water-mass transformation by sea ice in the upper branch of the Southern Ocean overturning. Nature Geoscience, 9 (). 8 pp. doi:10.1038/ngeo2749

Naveira Garabato, Alberto C., Zika, Jan D., Jullion, Loïc, Brown, Peter J. , Holland, Paul R. , Meredith, Michael P. , Bacon, Sheldon . (2016) The thermodynamic balance of the Weddell Gyre. Geophysical Research Letters, 43 (). pp. doi:10.1002/2015GL066658

2015

Kjellsson, Joakim, Holland, Paul R. , Marshall, Gareth J. , Mathiot, Pierre, Aksenov, Yevgeny , Coward, Andrew C. , Bacon, Sheldon , Megann, Alex P. , Ridley, Jeff. (2015) Model sensitivity of the Weddell and Ross seas, Antarctica, to vertical mixing and freshwater forcing. Ocean Modelling, 94 (). pp. 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.08.003

Wilchinsky, Alexander V., Heorton, Harold D. B. S., Feltham, Daniel L., Holland, Paul R. . (2015) Study of the impact of ice formation in leads upon the sea ice pack mass balance using a new frazil and grease ice parameterisation. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 45 (). pp. doi:10.1175/JPO-D-14-0184.1

Jansen, D., Luckman, A. J., Cook, A., Bevan, S., Kulessa, B., Hubbard, B., Holland, P. R. . (2015) Brief Communication: Newly developing rift in Larsen C Ice Shelf presents significant risk to stability. The Cryosphere, 9 (). pp. 10.5194/tc-9-1223-2015

Holland, P.R. , Brisbourne, A. , Corr, H.F.J., McGrath, D., Purdon, K., Paden, J., Fricker, H.A., Paolo, F.S., Fleming, A.H. . (2015) Oceanic and atmospheric forcing of Larsen C Ice-Shelf thinning. The Cryosphere, 9 (). pp. 10.5194/tc-9-1005-2015

Jordan, James R., Kimura, Satoshi , Holland, Paul R. , Jenkins, Adrian , Piggott, Matthew D.. (2015) On the conditional frazil ice instability in seawater. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 45 (). pp. doi:10.1175/JPO-D-14-0159.1

2014

Kimura, Satoshi , Holland, Paul R. , Jenkins, Adrian , Piggott, Matthew. (2014) The effect of meltwater plumes on the melting of a vertical glacier face. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 44 (). pp. doi:10.1175/JPO-D-13-0219.1

Rye, Craig D., Naveira Garabato, Alberto C., Holland, Paul R. , Meredith, Michael P. , Nurser, A.J. George, Hughes, Chris W. , Coward, Andrew C. , Webb, David J. . (2014) Rapid sea-level rise along the Antarctic margins in response to increased glacial discharge. Nature Geoscience, 7 (). pp. 10.1038/ngeo2230

Darelius, E., Makinson, K. , Daae, K., Fer, I., Holland, P.R. , Nicholls, K.W. . (2014) Hydrography and circulation in the Filchner Depression, Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 119 (). pp. 10.1002/2014JC010225

Uotila, P., Holland, P.R. , Vihma, T., Marsland, S.J., Kimura, N.. (2014) Is realistic Antarctic sea ice extent in climate models the result of excessive ice drift?. Ocean Modelling, 79 (). pp. doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2014.04.004

Holland, Paul R. . (2014) The seasonality of Antarctic sea ice trends. Geophysical Research Letters, 41 (). pp. doi:10.1002/2014GL060172

Jullion, Loïc, Naveira Garabato, Alberto C., Bacon, Sheldon , Meredith, Michael P. , Brown, Pete J., Torres-valdes, Sinhue, Speer, Kevin G., Holland, Paul R. , Dong, Jun, Bakker, Dorothée, Hoppema, Mario, Loose, Brice, Venables, Hugh J. , Jenkins, William J., Messias, Marie-José, Fahrbach, Eberhard. (2014) The contribution of the Weddell Gyre to the lower limb of the global overturning circulation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 119 (). pp. doi:10.1002/2013JC009725

Brown, Peter J., Meredith, Michael P. , Jullion, Loic, Naveira Garabato, Alberto, Torres-Valdes, Sinhue, Holland, Paul , Leng, Melanie J. , Venables, Hugh . (2014) Freshwater fluxes in the Weddell Gyre: results from δ18O. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, A, 372 (). pp. 10.1098/rsta.2013.0298

Holland, Paul R. , Bruneau, Nicolas, Enright, Clare, Losch, Martin, Kurtz, Nathan T., Kwok, Ron. (2014) Modelled trends in Antarctic sea ice thickness. Journal of Climate, 27 (). pp. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00301.1

Petty, A. A., Holland, P. R. , Feltham, D. L.. (2014) Sea ice and the ocean mixed layer over the Antarctic shelf seas. The Cryosphere, 8 (). pp. doi:10.5194/tc-8-761-2014

Stern, A. A., Holland, D. M., Holland, P. R. , Jenkins, A. , Sommeria, J.. (2014) The effect of geometry on ice shelf ocean cavity ventilation: a laboratory experiment. Experiments in Fluids, 55 (). pp. doi:10.1007/s00348-014-1719-3

De Rydt, J., Holland, P.R. , Dutrieux, P. , Jenkins, A. . (2014) Geometric and oceanographic controls on melting beneath Pine Island Glacier. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 119 (). pp. 10.1002/2013JC009513

McGrath, Daniel, Steffen, Konrad, Holland, Paul R. , Scambos, Ted, Rajaram, Harihar, Abdalati, Waleed, Rignot, Eric. (2014) The structure and effect of suture zones in the Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 119 (). pp. doi:10.1002/2013JF002935

Holland, Paul R. , Hewitt, Richard E., Scase, Matthew M.. (2014) Wave breaking in dense plumes. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 44 (). pp. doi:10.1175/JPO-D-13-0110.1

Jordan, J.R., Holland, P.R. , Jenkins, A. , Piggott, M.D., Kimura, S. . (2014) Modelling ice-ocean interaction in ice shelf crevasses. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 119 (). pp. 10.1002/2013JC009208

Dutrieux, Pierre , De Rydt, Jan, Jenkins, Adrian , Holland, Paul R. , Ha, Ho Kyung, Lee, Sang Hoon, Steig, Eric J., Ding, Quinghua, Abrahamsen, E. Povl , Schroeder, Michael. (2014) Strong sensitivity of Pine Island ice-shelf melting to climactic variability. Science, 343 (). pp. 10.1126/science.1244341

Brisbourne, Alex , Smith, Andy , King, Edward , Nicholls, Keith , Holland, Paul , Makinson, Keith . (2014) Seabed topography beneath Larsen C Ice Shelf from seismic soundings. The Cryosphere, 8 (). pp. 10.5194/tc-8-1-2014

2013

Millgate, Thomas, Holland, Paul R. , Jenkins, Adrian , Johnson, Helen L.. (2013) The effect of basal channels on oceanic ice-shelf melting. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 118 (). pp. 10.1002/2013JC009402

Arthun, M., Holland, P.R. , Nicholls, K.W. , Feltham, D.L.. (2013) Eddy-driven exchange between the open ocean and a sub-ice shelf cavity. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 43 (). pp. 10.1175/JPO-D-13-0137.1

Jullion, Loïc, Naveira Garabato, Alberto C., Meredith, Michael P. , Holland, Paul R. , Courtois, Peggy, King, Brian A. . (2013) Decadal freshening of the Antarctic Bottom Water exported from the Weddell Sea. Journal of Climate, 26 (). pp. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00765.1

Jansen, D., Luckman, A., Kulessa, B., Holland, P.R. , King, E.C. . (2013) Marine ice formation in a suture zone on the Larsen C Ice Shelf and its influence on ice shelf dynamics. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 118 (). pp. 10.1002/jgrf.20120

Dutrieux, P. , Vaughan, D.G. , Corr, H.F.J., Jenkins, A. , Holland, P.R. , Joughin, I., Fleming, A.H. . (2013) Pine Island Glacier ice shelf melt distributed at kilometre scales. The Cryosphere, 7 (). pp. 10.5194/tc-7-1543-2013

Kimura, Satoshi , Candy, Adam S., Holland, Paul R. , Piggott, Matthew D., Jenkins, Adrian . (2013) Adaptation of an unstructured-mesh, finite-element ocean model to the simulation of ocean circulation beneath ice shelves. Ocean Modelling, 67 (). pp. doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2013.03.004

Petty, Alek A., Feltham, Daniel L., Holland, Paul . (2013) Impact of atmospheric forcing on Antarctic continental shelf water masses. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 43 (). pp. doi:10.1175/JPO-D-12-0172.1

Graham, Jennifer A., Heywood, Karen J., Chavanne, Cédric P., Holland, Paul R. . (2013) Seasonal variability of water masses and transport on the Antarctic continental shelf and slope in the southeastern Weddell Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 118 (). pp. doi:10.1002/jgrc.20174

2012

Gladish, Carl V., Holland, David M., Holland, Paul R. , Price, Stephen F.. (2012) Ice-shelf basal channels in a coupled ice/ocean model. Journal of Glaciology, 58 (). pp. doi:10.3189/2012JoG12J003

Holland, Paul R. , Kwok, Ron. (2012) Wind-driven trends in Antarctic sea-ice drift. Nature Geoscience, 5 (). pp. 10.1038/ngeo1627

2011

Holland, Paul R. . (2011) Oscillating dense plumes. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 41 (). pp. 10.1175/2011JPO4532.1

Holland, Paul R. , Corr, Hugh F.J., Pritchard, Hamish D. , Vaughan, David G. , Arthern, Robert J. , Jenkins, Adrian , Tedesco, Marco. (2011) The air content of Larsen Ice Shelf. Geophysical Research Letters, 38 (). 6 pp. 10.1029/2011GL047245

Makinson, Keith , Holland, Paul R. , Jenkins, Adrian , Nicholls, Keith W. , Holland, David M.. (2011) Influence of tides on melting and freezing beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Geophysical Research Letters, 38 (). 6 pp. 10.1029/2010GL046462

2010

King, J.C. , Doble, M.J., Holland, P.R. . (2010) Analysis of a rapid sea ice retreat event in the Bellingshausen Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115 (). 10 pp. 10.1029/2010JC006101

Holland, Paul , Jenkins, Adrian , Holland, David M.. (2010) Ice and ocean processes in the Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115 (). 16 pp. 10.1029/2008JC005219

Holland, Paul . (2010) Climate change: warm bath for an ice sheet. Nature Geoscience, 3 (). pp. 10.1038/ngeo801

2009

Holland, Paul , Corr, Hugh, Vaughan, David , Jenkins, Adrian , Skvarca, Pedro. (2009) Marine ice in Larsen Ice Shelf. Geophysical Research Letters, 36 (). 6 pp. 10.1029/2009GL038162

2008

Holland, Paul R. . (2008) A model of tidally dominated ocean processes near ice shelf grounding lines.. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113 (). 15 pp. 10.1029/2007JC004576

Holland, Paul R. , Jenkins, Adrian , Holland, David M.. (2008) The response of ice shelf basal melting to variations in ocean temperature.. Journal of Climate, 21 (). pp. doi:10.1175/2007JCLI1909.1

2007

Holland, P.R. , Feltham, D.L., Jenkins, A. . (2007) Validity of the Ice Shelf Water plume concept under Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf. Forum for Research into Ice Shelf Processes (FRISP). Report, 17 (). pp.

Holland, Paul R. , Feltham, Daniel L., Daly, Steven F.. (2007) On the Nusselt number for frazil ice growth – a correction to “Frazil evolution in channels” by Lars Hammar and Hung-Tao Shen.. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 45 (). pp.

Holland, Paul R. , Feltham, Daniel L., Jenkins, Adrian . (2007) Ice Shelf Water plume flow beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112 (). 12 pp. doi:10.1029/2006JC003915

Payne, Antony J., Holland, Paul R. , Shepherd, Andrew P., Rutt, Ian C., Jenkins, Adrian , Joughin, Ian. (2007) Numerical modeling of ocean-ice interactions under Pine Island Bay’s ice shelf.. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112 (). 14 pp. 10.1029/2006JC003733

Wilchinsky, Alexander V., Feltham, Daniel L., Holland, Paul R. . (2007) The effect of a new drag law parameterization on Ice Shelf Water plume dynamics.. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 37 (). pp. 10.1175/JPO3093.1

2006

Holland, Paul R. , Feltham, Daniel L.. (2006) The effects of rotation and ice shelf topography on frazil-laden ice shelf water plumes. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 36 (). pp. doi:10.1175/JPO2970.1

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Paul Holland

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Paul Holland

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