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Continued decline of total ozone over Halley, Antarctica, since 1985
1 January, 1995 by Anna Jones, Jonathan Shanklin
IN 1985, Farman et al.1 announced that a dramatic reduction in total ozone was occurring in the atmosphere over Halley, Antarctica, during the polar spring. Analysis of satellite data revealed…Read more on Continued decline of total ozone over Halley, Antarctica, since 1985
Simulated climate change: are passive greenhouses a valid microcosm for testing the biological effects of environmental perturbations?
1 January, 1995
This paper considers the use of passive greenhouse apparatus in field experiments investigating the biological consequences of climate change. The literature contains many accounts of such experiments claiming relevance of…Relict subglacial deltas on the Antarctic Peninsula outer shelf
1 January, 1995 by Robert Larter
The first deep-tow boomer survey on the Antarctic continental margin has revealed relict subglacial deltas on the outer continental shelf off the Antarctic Peninsula. Progradation of subglacial deltas is thought…Read more on Relict subglacial deltas on the Antarctic Peninsula outer shelf
The dynamics of heterotrophic nanoflagellates and bacterioplankton in a large ultra-oligotrophic Antarctic lake
1 January, 1995
The abundance of both heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNAN) and bacterioplankton in a large (9km2) ultraoligotrophic Antarctic lake (Crooked Lake) were investigated from December 1992 until November 1993. HNAN abundance peaked in…On the Antarctic Peninsula batholith
1 January, 1995 by Philip Leat
The plutonic rocks of the Antarctic Peninsula magmatic arc form one of the major batholiths of the circum-Pacific rim. The Antarctic Peninsula batholith is a 1350 km long by <…Ionospheric plasma convection in the southern hemisphere
1 January, 1995 by Michael Pinnock
The first ionospheric plasma convection maps ordered by the y- and z-components of the IMF using only data from the southern hemisphere are presented. These patterns are determined from line-of-sight…Read more on Ionospheric plasma convection in the southern hemisphere
The use of spread F and sporadic E observations in interplanetary scintillation forecasts of geomagnetic activity
1 January, 1995
Previous work has shown that interplanetary scintillation (IPS) observations produce a poor forecast for geomagnetic activity. An explanation of some of the problems encountered would be the existence of an…Comparative anatomy of the cardiac foramen ovale in the Pinnipedia
1 January, 1995
The structure of the cardiac foramen ovale from eight genera of pinnipeds was studied using the scanning electron microscope. Specimens were obtained from fetuses or neonates of the Californian sea…Read more on Comparative anatomy of the cardiac foramen ovale in the Pinnipedia
Deep marine slide and channel deposits from the Jurassic-Cretaceous Fossil Bluff Group, Alexander Island, Antarctica
1 January, 1995 by Alistair Crame
The Fossil Bluff Grqup (FBG: ?Bathpnian-Albian) is the fill of a forearc basin which lay between the Antarctic Peninsula volcanic arc and an accretionary complex (LeMay Group) to the west…The BEAN experiment – An EISCAT study of ion temperature anisotropies
1 January, 1995
Results are presented from a novel EISCAT special programme, SP-UK-BEAN, intended for the direct measurement of the ion temperature anisotropy during ion frictional heating events in the high-latitude F-region. The…Read more on The BEAN experiment – An EISCAT study of ion temperature anisotropies
Tardigrades from Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, with particular reference to freshwater species
1 January, 1995 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
Seventeen species of Tardigrada from lakes and catchments on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, are described. Two species, Echiniscus punctus and Isohypsibius laevis are new to science, and two, Oreella…Early Palaeozoic rather than Neoproterozoic volcanism and rifting within the Transantarctic Mountains
1 January, 1995
New U-Pb dating of zircons separated from felsic volcanic rocks of the Patuxent and Gambacorta formations from the Pensacola Mountains in the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica, yields earliest Ordovician ages of…The environmental tolerances and behavioural ecology of the sub-Antarctic beach-hopper “Orchestia” scutigerula Dana (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Husvik, South Georgia
1 January, 1995
“Orchestia” scutigerula Dana (Amphipoda: Talitridae) was found beneath supralittoral stones at Kanin Point, S. Georgia. Microhabitat temperatures recorded over 6 summer weeks varied widely (hourly, diurnally, weekly), especially under stones…Radar observations of auroral zone flows during a multiple-onset substorm
1 January, 1995 by Mervyn Freeman, Michael Pinnock
We present an analysis of ground magnetic field, ionospheric flow, geosynchronous particle, and interplanetary data during a multiple-onset substorm on 12 April 1988. Our principal results concern the modulations of…Read more on Radar observations of auroral zone flows during a multiple-onset substorm
The role of upstream ULF waves in the generation of quasi-periodic ELF-VLF emissions
1 January, 1995 by Mervyn Freeman
Recent work suggests that the quasi-periodic (QP) modulation ~10–50 s of naturally occurring ELF-VLF radio emissions (~0.5–5 kHz) is produced by the compressional action of Pc3 magnetic pulsations on the…Read more on The role of upstream ULF waves in the generation of quasi-periodic ELF-VLF emissions
Spatial structure of the Southern Ocean ecosystem: predator-prey linkages in Southern Ocean food webs
1 January, 1995 by Eugene Murphy
1. The food chain of the Southern Ocean has often been characterized as simple and homogeneous. However, the population processes of a key prey organism, krill Euphausia superba, operate over…Temporal variation in Antarctic sea-ice: analysis of a long term fast-ice record from the South Orkney Islands
1 January, 1995 by Andrew Clarke, Eugene Murphy
Detection of climate-induced change in marine ecosystems requires a knowledge of the underlying variability of the environment. This paper uses a range of datasets to investigate the interannual variability in…A biological acoustic survey in the marginal ice-edge zone of the Bellingshausen Sea
1 January, 1995 by Jonathan Watkins
An acoustic survey at 38 kHz was carried out from R.R.S. Discovery in the Bellingshausen Sea from 23 November to 7 December 1992 as part of the U.K. Joint Global…Read more on A biological acoustic survey in the marginal ice-edge zone of the Bellingshausen Sea
Sediment-water fluxes of nutrients in an Antarctic coastal environment: influence of bioturbation
1 January, 1995
Rates of exchanges of nitrate and ammonium across the sediment-water interface were measured in an inshore marine environment at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, Antarctica, over 6 months from August…A pelagic bryozoan from Antarctica
1 January, 1995 by Lloyd Peck
Spherical or sub-spherical bryozoan colonies were collected from the surface waters of a coastal polynya in the southeastern Weddell Sea near Halley Station in February 1992. These are the first…High-latitudeFregion electron concentration measurements near noon: A case study
1 January, 1995 by Michael Pinnock
A case study is presented of a ridge of enhanced F region plasma in the afternoon sector near the equatorward edge of the auroral oval. The study for September 26,…Read more on High-latitudeFregion electron concentration measurements near noon: A case study
High spatial and temporal resolution observations of the ionospheric cusp
1 January, 1995 by Michael Pinnock
The Halley PACE HF radar has been operated in a new mode to provide very high time (10 s) and space (15 km) resolution measurements of the iono-spheric signatures of…Read more on High spatial and temporal resolution observations of the ionospheric cusp
Late Jurassic palaeogeography and anaerobic-dysaerobic sedimentation in the northern Antarctic Peninsula region
1 January, 1995 by Alistair Crame
Late Jurassic anaerobic-dysaerobic mudstones crop out on both the Weddell Sea (back-arc) and Pacific (fore-are) margins of the northern Antarctic Peninsula. The only known occurrence on the Pacific margin of…Variation in the lipid content and composition of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba at South Georgia
1 January, 1995 by Jonathan Watkins
Samples of Antarctic knll Euphausia superba Dana from 8 sites around South Georgia were analysed for total lipid and lipid class composition. Samples consisted predominantly of immature krill, and females…Laboratory studies of assimilation and egestion of algal lipid by Antarctic krill — methods and initial results
1 January, 1995 by Jonathan Watkins
Immature Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana) (length 44–48 mm), which had been maintained in an aquarium, were fed dense suspensions of algal culture, either the haptophyte Isochrysis or the diatom…Nutrient cycling by Antarctic marine microbial plankton
1 January, 1995 by Eugene Murphy, Raymond Leakey
Three sites along a shelf to deep-sea transect near the island of South Georgia (55 degrees S) were sampled in the latter part of the austral summer for water column…Read more on Nutrient cycling by Antarctic marine microbial plankton
On the southerly extent of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the southeast Pacific
1 January, 1995
A front at 67°S in the Bellingshausen Sea at 85°W is shown to be part of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and the southernmost zone of concentrated eastward transport at…Read more on On the southerly extent of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the southeast Pacific
The diet of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella Peters 1875) during winter at South Georgia
1 January, 1995
The diet of mainly adult and sub-adult male Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) was investigated during the austral winters of 1992 and 1993 using faecal (scat) analysis. Of samples containing…Scientific diving under sea ice in the Southern Ocean
1 January, 1995
Scientific Diving techniques were employed during a 54 day oceanographic research cruise to the Bellingshausen Sea, Southern Ocean (65°S–72°S, 80°W–87°W), in order to position sampling and data collecting instrumentation beneath…Read more on Scientific diving under sea ice in the Southern Ocean
Simultaneous optical and HF radar observations of the ionospheric cusp
1 January, 1995
Simultaneous optical all-sky imager and photometer data from South Pole station and the PACE HF radar at Halley, Antarctica from two case studies are used to show that their respective…Read more on Simultaneous optical and HF radar observations of the ionospheric cusp
Cephalopods occupy the ecological niche of epipelagic fish in the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone
1 January, 1995 by Paul Rodhouse
Recent data from research cruises and explorator fishing in the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone (APFZ) of the Scotia Sea, together with data from dietary studies of Antarctic vertebrate predators, have…Fine-scale distribution of juvenile cephalopods in the Scotia Sea and adaptive allometry of the brachial crown
1 January, 1995 by Paul Rodhouse
The pelagic nekton community was sampled with the RMT 25 opening/closing net and a neuston net at two stations in the Scotia Sea south of the Antarctic Polar Front in…Ozone measurements with star-pointing spectrometers
1 January, 1995 by Howard Roscoe
Part 1 Historical frontiers: vibrational spectroscopic contributions to chemisorption and catalysis. Part 2 Instrumentation: recent advances in kinetic infrared spectroscopy; spectroscopic concentration determination without calibration; scope and limitations of concentration-modulated…Read more on Ozone measurements with star-pointing spectrometers
Night-shift work in antarctica: Sleep characteristics and bright light treatment
1 January, 1995
Changes in sleep parameters during and after night-shift and the effects of bright white (2500–3000 1x) and dim red (>500 1x) light treatment on re adaptation after night-shift during winter…Read more on Night-shift work in antarctica: Sleep characteristics and bright light treatment
Ozone and NO2air-mass factors for zenith-sky spectrometers: Intercomparison of calculations with different radiative transfer models
1 January, 1995 by Howard Roscoe
Calculations of air-mass factors (AMFs) for ground-based zenith-sky UV-visible spectrometers are now well developed in laboratories where stratospheric constituents are measured with this technique. An intercomparison between results from the…Ozone measurements by zenith-sky spectrometers: An evaluation of errors in air-mass factors calculated by radiative transfer models
1 January, 1995 by Howard Roscoe
Calculations of air-mass factors (AMFs) for ground-based zenith-sky UV-visible spectrometers are presented and discussed. Causes and size of errors in AMFs of ozone in the visible are evaluated. Errors can…A cyphonautes larva (Bryozoa: Gymnolaemata) from the Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica
1 January, 1995
Bryozoans are an important component of the sessile, suspension-feeding fauna on the Antarctic continental shelf, (Knox & Cameron, 1970; Dell, 1972; Winston, 1983; Winston & Heimberg, 1988). Antarctic bryozoan faunas…Read more on A cyphonautes larva (Bryozoa: Gymnolaemata) from the Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica
Distribution of pelagic larvae of benthic marine invertebrates in the Bellingshausen Sea
1 January, 1995 by Lloyd Peck
During November and December 1992, plankton samples were collected using a ring net of mesh size 200 μm vertically hauled through a 600 m water column, at five stations along…New K-Ar isotopic ages of schists from Nordenskjöld Coast, Antarctic Peninsula: oldest part of the Trinity Peninsula Group?
1 January, 1995
K-Ar whole-rock dating of five samples of quartz-mica schist from the Nordenskjöld Coast, eastern Graham Land, provides the first unequivocal evidence of pre-Triassic (> 249 ± 7 Ma) deposition of…Petrogenesis of boninites in the Ordovician Ballantrae Complex ophiolite, southwestern Scotland
1 January, 1995
Primitive lava and hyaloclastite with unusual, highly refractory compositions, form part of the Early Ordovician Balcreuchan Group within the ophiolitic Ballantrae Complex, southwestern Scotland. They are identified as likely high-Ca…VELOX: a new VLF/ELF receiver in Antarctica for the Global Geospace Science mission
1 January, 1995
VELOX (VLF/ELF Logger Experiment), a new facility for systematically studying the characteristics of magnetospherically generated ELF/VLF radio noise received at a high-latitude ground station (Halley, Antarctica, 76°S, 26°W, L =…Read more on VELOX: a new VLF/ELF receiver in Antarctica for the Global Geospace Science mission
Colonization by lichens and the development of lichen-dominated communities in the maritime Antarctic
1 January, 1995
Three long-term studies of lichen growth and colonization have been undertaken at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, in the maritime Antarctic. Small individual thalli of several crustose species and uncolonized…Oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Beauchêne Island, Falklands, South Atlantic
1 January, 1995
A total of 12 species of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) are reported from Beauchêne Island, including two new species. Furcobates lewissmithi n. sp. and Oribatella blocki n. sp. are described…Read more on Oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Beauchêne Island, Falklands, South Atlantic
Oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of South Georgia, South Atlantic
1 January, 1995 by William Block
Twenty-one species of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida), including three new species, are reported from samples collected on the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia. Fossonothrus wallworki n.sp., Lanceoppia elegantula n.sp. and…Read more on Oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of South Georgia, South Atlantic
Climatic severity and the response to temperature elevation of Arctic aphids
1 January, 1995 by William Block
1 Theory suggests that any given rise in temperature resulting from climate change will have its greatest effect on high Arctic ecosystems where growing seasons are short and temperatures low.…Read more on Climatic severity and the response to temperature elevation of Arctic aphids
Distribution patterns of macrozooplankton assemblages in the southwest Atlantic
1 January, 1995 by Geraint Tarling, Peter Ward
A zooplankton net sampling survey was conducted in the southwest Atlantic between 34* and 55* S during austral spring 1990. The survey grid covered shelf, slope and oceanic regions and…Read more on Distribution patterns of macrozooplankton assemblages in the southwest Atlantic
An evaluation of a self-calibrating infrared radiometer for measuring sea surface temperature
1 January, 1995 by Howard Roscoe, John Turner
Satellite radiometer measurements of global sea surface temperature (SST) with an accuracy of 0.3 K are required for climate change monitoring. In order to validate that this accuracy can be…Validation of Atlantic Ocean sea surface temperatures measured by the ERS-1Along Track Scanning Radiometer
1 January, 1995 by John Turner
During the period from October 1991 to May 1992 the royal research ship Bransfield made its annual voyage from the United Kingdom to Antarctica and back. Whenever the measurement swath…High resolution observations of Weddell Sea surface currents using ERS-l SAR sea-ice motion vectors
1 January, 1995 by John Turner, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
Abstract Two areas of the Weddell Sea, one in the south and one in the west, were chosen for a preliminary investigation of sea-ice motion tracking from ERSt Synthetic Aperture…The synoptic origins of precipitation over the Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 1995 by John Turner, Steve Colwell, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
The synoptic origins of precipitation on the western side of the Antarctic Peninsula over the one year period March 1992 to February 1993 are investigated using meteorological observations, satellite imagery…Read more on The synoptic origins of precipitation over the Antarctic Peninsula
Small-scale convection at the interface between stratified layers of mafic and silicic magma, Campbell Ridges, NW Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula: Syn-magmatic way-up criteria
1 January, 1995
Experimental data suggest that some igneous mafic inclusions are formed at the interface between underlying mafic magma and more silicic magma in a reservoir by a process of gas exsolution…Circum-Pacific mid-Cretaceous deformation and uplift: A superplume-related event?
1 January, 1995
Evidence of short-lived episodes of mid-Cretaceous deformation, metamorphism, uplift, and hiatus in sedimentation is widespread in the Lower Cretaceous rocks that bordered the Cretaceous Pacific basin. I present a model…Read more on Circum-Pacific mid-Cretaceous deformation and uplift: A superplume-related event?
Subglacial and seabed topography, ice thickness and water column thickness in the vicinity of Filchner-Ronne-Schelfseis, Antarctica
1 January, 1995 by David Vaughan
The seabed morphology beneath the ice shelf is dominated by a slope down towards the interior of the continent. Deep troughs, possibly glacially deepened, run beneath the eastern and weatern…Tidal flexure at ice shelf margins
1 January, 1995 by David Vaughan
Hinge zones accommodate the differential tidal movement between floating ice shelves, which move with the sea tide, and grounded ice sheets, which do not. Observations on Rutford Ice Stream and…Redescription of Charcotia granulosa Vayssiere, 1906 (Nudibranchia: Arminoidea: Charcotiidae) from Signy Island, Antarctica
1 January, 1995 by David Barnes
The nudibranch Charcotia granulosa, described originally by Vayssière (1906) from one specimen, was recollected for the first time at Signy Island, Antarctica. These three specimens allow a redescription of the…Anatomy of Pseudotritonia Thiele, 1912 and Notaeolidia Eliot, 1905 (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia: Nudibranchia) from Signy Island, Antarctica
1 January, 1995 by David Barnes
Several species of nudibranch molluscs are abundant amongst the rich benthic hard substratum communities found close to the British Antarctic Survey base at Signy Island, in the Atlantic sector of…The propagation characteristics and Landau damping of Jovian whistlers in the Io torus
1 January, 1995 by Richard Horne
The propagation characteristics and path-integrated gain of Jovian lightning-generated whistlers are explored using the HOTRAY code. All waves are launched into the magnetosphere from just above the density peak in…Read more on The propagation characteristics and Landau damping of Jovian whistlers in the Io torus
Mapping ice front changes of Müller Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 1995
Müller Ice Shelf (67°15′S, 66°52′W) is situated at the southern end of Lallemand Fjord. It is a small ice shelf (∼80 km2) fed by Brückner and Antevs glaciers, which both…Read more on Mapping ice front changes of Müller Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula
The summer zooplankton community at South Georgia: biomass, vertical migration and grazing
1 January, 1995 by Peter Ward
Zooplankton abundance and biomass were determined during January 1990 at two stations to the north-west of South Georgia using a Longhurst Hardy Plankton Recorder (LHPR). At both shelf and oceanic…Egg production in three species of Antarctic Calanoid Copepods during an austral summer
1 January, 1995 by Peter Ward
Egg production in three species of calanoid copepods Rhincalanus gigas, Calanoides acutus and Calanus simillimus was investigated via incubations of females and recovery of eggs from net hauls made around…Read more on Egg production in three species of Antarctic Calanoid Copepods during an austral summer
Weather forecasting for aviation and marine operations in the Antarctic Peninsula region
1 January, 1995 by John Turner
An account is given of one Austral summer's experience of forecasting for flying activities and marine operations around the Antarctic Peninsula. Data available included surface and upper-air observations, analyses and…The distribution of acoustic backscatter from zooplankton compared with physical structure, phytoplankton and radiance during the spring bloom in the Bellingshausen Sea
1 January, 1995
The distribution of zooplankton as indicated by acoustic backscatter was compared with that of the phytoplankton biomass, with the degree of the shading caused by the presence of the bloom,…Peraluminous granites in NE Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula: early Mesozoic crustal melting in a magmatic arc
1 January, 1995 by Philip Leat
A suite of Early Jurassic metaluminous to strongly peraluminous granitoids occupy a rear-arc position in Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula with respect to a Mesozoic–Cenozoic magmatic arc. Fractional crystallization of a…Spatial variability of inorganic nutrients in the marginal ice zone of the Bellingshausen Sea during the Austral spring
1 January, 1995
Data on nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, silicate), biogenic-silica and chlorophyll a concentrations were collected along a south-to-north transect through the marginal ice zone of the Bellingshausen Sea during the…Galena lead isotopic variations in a Mesozoic-Cenozoic Andean arc, Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 1995
The Antarctic Peninsula magmatic arc was the site of Andean-type subduction from at least Silurian times to the late Cenozoic. Hydrothermal galenas from eight localities in accretionary complex, arc volcanic…Read more on Galena lead isotopic variations in a Mesozoic-Cenozoic Andean arc, Antarctic Peninsula
The association of polar mesosphere summer echo layers with tidal modes
1 January, 1995
The occurrence of PMSEs with time of day shows a semi-diurnal variation with minima at 8 and 20 h LT. PMSE layers observed for more than 30 min show an…Read more on The association of polar mesosphere summer echo layers with tidal modes
Nitrate in polar ice
1 January, 1995 by Eric Wolff
Nitrate is one of the major impurities in polar snow, and is relatively easy to analyse. Large amounts of data therefore exist, including some from cores extending into the last…Long-term changes in the acid and salt concentrations of the Greenland Ice Core Project ice core from electrical stratigraphy
1 January, 1995 by Eric Wolff
Continuous electrical records covering a climatic cycle are presented for the Greenland Ice Core Project deep ice core from Greenland. Electrical conductivity measurement (ECM) measures the acid content of the…Stabilists strike again
1 January, 1995 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
ON page 412 of this issue1, Sugden and colleagues announce that glacier ice in the Dry valleys of East Antarctica seems to have survived for over 8 million years under…