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Spatial and temporal distribution of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) on the breeding grounds at Bird Island, South Georgia
1 December, 1989
The number of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) in the area of the Scotia Sea has been increasing. Observation of their distribution on the breeding grounds are important to help…Analyses of field moult data: prediction of intermoult period and assessment of seasonal growth in Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba Dana
1 December, 1989 by Jonathan Watkins
A technique for moult staging Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana) was used in the analysis of field samples to predict intermoult periods and hence assess growth and the effects of…Problems in the identification of anthropogenic hydrocarbons against natural background levels in the Antarctic
1 December, 1989
Hydrocarbons in the environment occur as complex mixtures. The detection of low-level anthropogenic contamination can be difficult as many of the compounds can also be found in biogenic materials. Results…Acoustic sounding of the atmospheric boundary layer at Halley, Antarctica
1 December, 1989
The records obtained from a monostatic acoustic sounder run at Halley, Antarctica, have been analysed with the use of data from instruments on a 32 m mast and from radiosonde…Read more on Acoustic sounding of the atmospheric boundary layer at Halley, Antarctica
Measurements of total ozone using Dobson spectrometers: Some comments on their history
1 December, 1989
The Dobson ozone spectrometer has been used for studies of the ozone layer for about 60 years. It remains indispensable for assessing the accuracy of satellite-borne instruments. The steps which…Read more on Measurements of total ozone using Dobson spectrometers: Some comments on their history
Scaling patterns in the Antarctic brachiopod Liothyrella uva (Broderip, 1833)
1 December, 1989 by Lloyd Peck
Scaling patterns of shell thickness, shell volume, total animal volume, internal tissue volume and mantle cavity volume in the brachiopod Liothyrella uva (Broderip, 1833) were investigated in relation to shell…Read more on Scaling patterns in the Antarctic brachiopod Liothyrella uva (Broderip, 1833)
Chick feeding in the diving petrels Pelecanoides georgicus and P. urinatrix exsul
1 December, 1989
Chick feeding in common diving petrels (Pelecanoides urinatrix exsul) and South Georgia diving petrels (P. georgicus) was studied on Bird Island, South Georgia. Complete chick meals removed from the proventriculus…Read more on Chick feeding in the diving petrels Pelecanoides georgicus and P. urinatrix exsul
Distribution of six major copepod species around South Georgia during an austral winter
1 November, 1989
A net sampling survey was conducted around the island of South Georgia during July/August 1983. This study compares the age structure and vertical and horizontal distributions of the dominant copepods…Read more on Distribution of six major copepod species around South Georgia during an austral winter
Geomagnetic storms in the Antarctic F-region. II. Physical interpretation
1 November, 1989
The physical explanation of the changes of the maximum electron concentration of the F2 layer, NmF2. as a result of geomagnetic disturbances has proved elusive even after several decades of…Read more on Geomagnetic storms in the Antarctic F-region. II. Physical interpretation
Feeding in the two phytophagous beetles Hydromedion sparsutum and Perimylops antarcticus from South Georgia
1 November, 1989 by Roger Worland, William Block
The consumption of fresh plant materials by adults and larvae of Hydromedion sparsutum and Perimylops antarcticus (Col., Perimylopidae) was estimated from the production of faecal pellets and amount of excreted…Respiratory metabolism of Hydromedion sparsutum and Perimylops antarcticus (Col., Perimylopidae) from South Georgia
1 November, 1989 by Roger Worland, William Block
Metabolic rates were studied in adults and larvae of the two phytophagous beetles Hydromedion sparsutum and Perimylops antarcticus (Col., Perimylopidae) indigenous to the Sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia. From the…The effects of freezing and desiccation on photosynthesis and survival of terrestrial Antarctic algae and cyanobacteria
1 October, 1989
The effects of low temperatures, freezing and desiccation on a cyanobacterium (Phormidium) and an alga (Prasiola) from terrestrial Antarctic habitats were investigated. Net photosynthesis per unit dry weight, measured by…Calanoid copepods from South Georgia, with special reference to size dimorphism within the genus Pseudoboeckella
1 October, 1989
Three species of calanoid copepods, Boeckella michaelseni, Parabroteas sarsii and Pseudoboeckella poppei were recorded from 6 freshwater localities in the Husvik area, South Georgia. Of the latter species two distinct…Coarse-grained submarine fan and slope apron deposits in a Cretaceous back-arc basin, Antarctica
1 October, 1989
The Cretaceous of west James Ross Island, Antarctica represents the proximal fill of a late Mesozoic back‐arc basin that was probably initiated by oblique extension during the early development of…Dielectric stratigraphy of ice: A new technique for determining total ionic concentrations in polar ice cores
1 October, 1989 by Robert Mulvaney
A 133 m deep Antarctic ice core from Dolleman Island, Antarctic Peninsula, has been profiled by dielectric measurements in the AF‐LF (20 Hz ‐ 100 kHz) frequency range. This has…Comprehensive sonar imaging of the Easter microplate
1 October, 1989
Recent GLORIA and SeaMARC II sidescan sonar surveys have imaged virtually the whole of the Easter microplate, and revealed unprecedented detail and complexity in its tectonic fabric and history. There…Read more on Comprehensive sonar imaging of the Easter microplate
Effect of phototherapy on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the Antarctic
1 September, 1989
The hypothesis that sunlight may induce the enzymes involved in the vitamin D pathway has been tested by comparing the ability to synthesize vitamin D3 and its 25 hydroxy metabolite…Read more on Effect of phototherapy on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the Antarctic
The Antarctic drainage flow: implications for hemispheric flow on the Southern Hemisphere
1 September, 1989
An Ekman analysis of the surface drainage winds over a sloping ice surface is reported. Ekman pumping by the boundary layer leads to the formation of an upper tropospheric cyclonic…Cretaceous angiosperms from an allegedly Triassic flora at Williams Point, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands
1 September, 1989
A terrestrial sequence on Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, known as the Williams Point Beds contains a well-preserved, diverse fossil flora previously assigned a Triassic age. Because of their supposed…Late Jurassic—Early Cretaceous strike-slip deformation in the Nordenskjöld Formation of Graham Land
1 September, 1989
Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous anoxic mudstones and air-fall ashes of the Nordenskjöld Formation are exposed on the eastern coast of Graham Land. Deformation of the strata has a long history spanning…Polar Anglo-American Conjugate Experiment
22 August, 1989 by Michael Pinnock
Study of the near-Earth plasma environment and its interactions with the solar wind has reached a stage where major progress will come only from taking a global view of the…Parental investment in southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina
1 August, 1989
The southern elephant seal is among the most sexually dimorphic and polygynous of all mammals: males may be more than 10 times the weight of reproducing females and only the…Read more on Parental investment in southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina
MERLIN observations of the Wolf–Rayet star AS431 (WR147)-a double radio source
1 August, 1989 by Jonathan Shanklin
New interferometric observations of the Wolf-Rayet star AS431 using the MERLIN network are presented. These observations had a sensitivity sufficient to map the stellar-thermal continuum radio emission with a beam…Read more on MERLIN observations of the Wolf–Rayet star AS431 (WR147)-a double radio source
Ontogeny of the thymus in an antarctic teleost, Harpagifer sp. (Notothenioidei: Perciformes)
1 August, 1989
The development of the thymus was examined in different stages of Harpagifer sp. from Signy Island (South Orkney Islands; 60°43′S, 45°38′W). The thymus was typical, both in position and structural…Depth-related changes in benthic diatom assemblages of a maritime Antarctic lake
1 August, 1989
The epiphytic diatoms of filamentous matforming algae in Sombre Lake, Signy Island, South Orkneys, Antarctica were examined in a field study from January to March 1987. Results reveal 1) a…Read more on Depth-related changes in benthic diatom assemblages of a maritime Antarctic lake
Carbon dioxide exchange of two ecodemes of Schistidium antarctici in Continental Antarctica
1 July, 1989
Schistidium antarctici is the commonest of five bryophytes known in the Windmill Islands area of Wilkes Land, Greater Antarctica. In moist habitats it forms closed carpets, but in dry sites…Pre-natal investment in reproduction by female Antarctic fur seals
1 June, 1989
Maternal investment, in terms of pup birth mass, in gestation by Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) was related to the date of birth in two consecutive years. There were significant…Read more on Pre-natal investment in reproduction by female Antarctic fur seals
Foraging energetics of Antartic fur seals in relation to changes in prey availability
1 June, 1989
This research examines the energy budget of breeding female Antarctic fur seals, both when food was plentiful and when it is scarce. The energy expenditure and change in body mass…Read more on Foraging energetics of Antartic fur seals in relation to changes in prey availability
Antarctic fish muscles — structure, function and physiology
1 June, 1989
The structure and function of swimming muscles in Antarctic fish is reviewed, the emphasis being on the highly endemic sub-order Notothenioidei. Adult stages of the vast majority of species swim…Read more on Antarctic fish muscles — structure, function and physiology
Low-level wind profiles at an Antarctic coastal station
1 June, 1989 by John King
Wind and temperature profiles in the lowest 2000 m of the atmosphere at Halley (75°35′S, 26°50′W) have been analysed. Surface winds blow most frequently from the sector 090° ± 45°…Read more on Low-level wind profiles at an Antarctic coastal station
Shallow marine sedimentation within an active margin basin, James Ross Island, Antarctica
1 June, 1989
The Santa Marta Formation exposed on northern James Ross Island, Antarctica, represents shallow marine shelf sedimentation within an active margin basin. The formation is approximately 1000 m thick, is of…Antarctic studies of the coupled ionosphere-magnetosphere system
1 June, 1989
The southern polar region offers many significant advantages over its northern counterpart for studies of the interactions of the solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere and thermosphere. These mainly arise from the…Read more on Antarctic studies of the coupled ionosphere-magnetosphere system
Diffusion and location of hydrochloric acid in ice: Implications for polar stratospheric clouds and ozone depletion
1 June, 1989 by Eric Wolff, Robert Mulvaney
We have carried out experiments to study the incorporation and movement of HCl within the structure of ice. These involved freezing HCl solutions, and observing them in a scanning electron…Presence of thermal hysteresis producing antifreeze proteins in the antarctic mite,Alaskozetes antarcticus
1 May, 1989 by William Block
The presence of hemolymph thermal hysteresis antifreeze proteins is described in both the nymphs and adults of the Antarctic oribatid mite, Alaskozetes antarcticus collected from Signy Island in the South…Benthic microbial activity in an Antarctic coastal sediment at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands
1 May, 1989
Microbial activity in a marine sediment in Factory Cove, Signy Island (60°43′S, 45°38′W), South Orkney Islands in the maritime Antarctic was examined during December 1987 and January 1988. The sediment…Aggression, incubation behaviour and egg-loss in macaroni penguins, Eudyptes chrysolophus, at South Georgia
1 May, 1989
In crested penguins Eudyptes spp., the first-laid (A) egg is very much smaller than the second (B) egg and, although viable, rarely survives to hatching. I tested the recent hypothesis…The effects of temperature and moisture on CO2 uptake and total resistance to water loss in the antarctic foliose lichen Umbilicaria antarctica
1 April, 1989
Maximum net photosynthesis of field‐fresh thalli, illuminated at 200 μmol photons m−2 s−1 (PAR), was attained at 13 °C and 1.10 g g−1 water content. Small but significant rates of…The significance of mid-Palaeozoic basement in Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula
1 April, 1989
A mid-Palaeozoic basement to the Antarctic Peninsula is confirmed by a geochronological study of the gneissose country rock of the Mesozoic magmatic arc of eastern Graham Land. Rb–Sr whole-rock ages…Read more on The significance of mid-Palaeozoic basement in Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula
Temperature and basal metabolism in two Antarctic marine herbivores
1 April, 1989 by Lloyd Peck
V̇o2 was measured for specimens of the Antarctic brachiopod Liothyrella uva and limpet Nacella concinna, using couloximetric techniques. Time-course studies revealed different responses to starvation by each species. N. concinna…Read more on Temperature and basal metabolism in two Antarctic marine herbivores
Attendance patterns and behaviour in relation to experience and pair-bond formation in the Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans at South Georgia
1 April, 1989
Recruitment of Wandering Albatrosses Diomedea exulans to the breeding population at South Georgia took between 2 and 8 years after they first returned to their natal colony. In successive seasons,…Jovian plasma sheet density profile from low-frequency radio waves
1 April, 1989
By using planetary radio astronomy (PRA), plasma wave system (PWS), and Magnetometer (MAG) data from Voyager 1 and 2 (V1 and V2), essential features of the nightside Jovian plasma sheet…Read more on Jovian plasma sheet density profile from low-frequency radio waves
Error sources and travel time residuals in plasmaspheric whistler interpretation
1 April, 1989
In the interpretation of observed whistlers by curve fitting, systematic travel time residuals appeared which were studied by extensive simulations using ray-tracing, numerical integration and curve fitting. The residuals were…Read more on Error sources and travel time residuals in plasmaspheric whistler interpretation
Muscle fibre types and metabolism in post-larval and adult stages of notothenioid fish
1 March, 1989
A histochemical study was carried out on muscle fibre types in the myotomes of post-larval and adult stages of seven species of notothenioid fish. There was little interspecific variation in…Read more on Muscle fibre types and metabolism in post-larval and adult stages of notothenioid fish
Science in Antarctica – a matter of quality
1 March, 1989
Antarctic research has progressed steadily from the era of reconnaissance studies into a period of problem-oriented scientific investigation. The International Geophysical Year and the intensive work of the 1960s and…Antarctic rock weathering simulations: simulator design, application and use
1 March, 1989
The design of a computer-controlled climatic simulation cabinet used for mechanical weathering studies on Antarctic rocks is described. It is argued that if the results of simulations are to be…Read more on Antarctic rock weathering simulations: simulator design, application and use
Studies of atmospheric internal gravity waves at Halley station, Antarctica, using radiosondes
1 March, 1989
Analysis of high-resolution data from slow-ascent radiosondes released at Halley station, Antarctica (75°38′S, 26°40′W), shows that internal gravity wave phenomena are frequently present in the lower troposphere. There is a…First Aspidorhynchidae (Pisces: Teleostei) from Antarctica
1 March, 1989
A new fossil teleost, belonging to the family Aspidorhynchidae Nicholson & Lydekker, Aspidorhynchus antarcticus sp. nov., was obtained from a block of reworked Upper Jurassic tuffaceous mudstone in the lower…Read more on First Aspidorhynchidae (Pisces: Teleostei) from Antarctica
Quiet time plasmaspheric electric fields and plasmasphere-ionosphere coupling fluxes at L = 2.5
1 March, 1989
Observations of whistler mode signals from the VLF transmitters NAA and NSS in the Northeast U.S.A., made at Faraday, Antarctica (65°S, 64°W), are used to deduce radial plasma drifts and…The reproductive energetics of gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) and macaroni (Eudyptes chrysolophus) penguins at South Georgia
1 February, 1989
(1) The doubly-labelled water method was used in the first comprehensive study of penguin energetics throughout the reproduction and moult season, comparing gentoo penguins (inshore feeding, sexually monomorphic, share breeding…Turbulent transfer over snow and ice
1 February, 1989
This paper is a review of the literature on turbulent transfer processes over snow and ice surfaces. Current techniques for modelling these transfers for hydrological purposes are discussed.Distribution of six major copepod species around South Georgia in early summer
1 January, 1989
An intensive net sampling survey was conducted around the island of South Georgia during November/December 1981. The distribution and copepodite stage structure of the dominant copepods Calanoides acutus, Calanus simillimus,…Read more on Distribution of six major copepod species around South Georgia in early summer
Pathology and bacteriology of adult male antarctic fur seals, Arctocephalus gazella, dying at Bird Island, South Georgia
1 January, 1989
A high mortality rate occurs in Antarctic fur seal males on the breeding beaches of Bird Island, South Georgia. The main causes of death were infections of fighting wounds and…Environmental assessment in the Antarctic
1 January, 1989
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is generally recognized as a useful tool in reducing human impacts on the environment. The Antarctic environment is especially sensitive to harmful perturbation. Regulations introduced under…Heavy metal and sulphur emissions to the atmosphere from human activities in Antarctica
1 January, 1989 by Eric Wolff
Investigators have used the temporal record of heavy metal and sulphur concentrations in Antarctic snow to assess the extent of global atmospheric pollution in the Southern Hemisphere. These studies would…Read more on Heavy metal and sulphur emissions to the atmosphere from human activities in Antarctica
Factors affecting weaning weight in Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella at South Georgia
1 January, 1989
Relationships between size, body condition, age and feeding-attendance patterns during pup rearing of female Antacrtic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella and their effects on the timing of birth and weaning, pup…Growth rate and nucleic acid ratio in cultured cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (Mollusca: Cephalopoda)
1 January, 1989 by Andrew Clarke, Paul Rodhouse
Juvenile cuttlefish Sepia offcinalis were hatched and reared in the laboratory at six ration levels and two temperatures. At 12.5 °C there was little growth whereas at 17.5 °C growth…Investigating variations in the gravitational constant
1 January, 1989
In August–September 1987 a group of geophysicists, led by M. Ander of the Los Alamos National Laboratory and M. Zumberge of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, performed a geophysical experiment to…Read more on Investigating variations in the gravitational constant
Physiological constraints on living and fossil brachiopods
1 January, 1989 by Lloyd Peck
Ash-free-dry-weight determinations for a representative range of living brachiopod genera have revealed that a consistently high proportion of total organic mass is contained within the shell, partly as the organic…Read more on Physiological constraints on living and fossil brachiopods
The dynamics of Austfonna, Nordaustlandet, Svalbard: surface velocities, mass balance, and subglacial melt water
1 January, 1989
Glaciological measurements from Austfonna on Nordaustlandet, Svalbard, are needed as a prerequisite to mathematical modelling of ice-mass dynamics. Several upper and lower boundary conditions are set out in detail for…Flow of Rutford Ice Stream and comparison with Carlson Inlet, Antarctica
1 January, 1989 by David Vaughan
Results from movement surveys on Rutford Ice Stream are presented with complementary surface-elevation and ice-thickness measurements. Surface velocities of 300 m a−1 occur at least 130 km up-stream of the…Read more on Flow of Rutford Ice Stream and comparison with Carlson Inlet, Antarctica
Path-integrated growth of electrostatic waves: The generation of terrestrial myriametric radiation
1 January, 1989 by Richard Horne
It is generally accepted that electrostatic wave energy is the source of terrestrial myriametric radiation (TMR), but there are several theories to suggest how this energy is converted into TMR.…Seismic stratigraphy of the Antarctic Peninsula Pacific margin: A record of Pliocene-Pleistocene ice volume and paleoclimate
1 January, 1989 by Robert Larter
Multichannel seismic profiles across the Pacific margin of the Antarctic Peninsula show a series of oblique progradational sequences. These sequences exhibit a variety of unusual characteristics that suggest they were…Introduced reindeer on South Georgia—A management dilemma
1 January, 1989
Introduced mammals have had a major impact on the biota of islands in the Southern Ocean. Management plans for some islands include control measures for both introduced herbivores and carnivores…Read more on Introduced reindeer on South Georgia—A management dilemma
Pack-Ice Motion in the Weddell Sea in Relation to Weather Systems and Determination of a Weddell Sea Sea-Ice Budget
1 January, 1989
As part of the Winter Weddell Sea Project 1986 (WWSP 86), a buoy, transmitting via TIROS-N satellites to Service Argos, was inserted into an ice floe in the southern Weddell…A general method for the linear stability analysis of stratified shear flows
1 January, 1989
A general method for testing the stability of a stratified, parallel shear flow is presented. The technique allows the routine determination of unstable modes from any high resolution radiosonde data…Read more on A general method for the linear stability analysis of stratified shear flows
Field report on combined Anglo–Bulgarian geological studies in northern Alexander Island
1 January, 1989
The structural basement of Alexander Island consists of a wide belt of accretionary complex rocks, the LeMay Group (Bum 1984). This is overlain by ?Cretaceous-Tertiary calcalkalinevolcanic rocks (Bum 1981), and…Ontogeny of the lymphoid organs in an antarctic teleost, Harpagifer antarcticus (Notothenioidei: Perciformes)
1 January, 1989
The effect of an evolutionary adaptation to low environmental temperature on the development of lymphoid organs was examined in Harpagifer antarcticus from Signy Island (South Orkney Islands; 60° 43′S, 45°…Seasonal and ontogenetic changes in tissue size in the Antarctic brachiopod Liothyrella uva (Broderip, 1833)
1 January, 1989 by Lloyd Peck
Tissue ash-free dry mass (AFDM) was investigated in relation to animal size (length) and season in Liothyrella uva (Broderip, 1833). Brachiopods were divided into digestive gland, gonads, lophophore, other internal…Temperature and starvation effects on the metabolism of the brachiopod,Terebratulina retusa(L.)
1 January, 1989 by Lloyd Peck
Oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates were assessed for Terebratulina retusa (L.) held under 3 different regimes of temperature and food availability. These were: 5.6ˆC, no food (cold, starved); 5.8ˆC,…Coscinodiscus bouvet Karsten – a distinctive diatom which may be an indicator of changes in the Southern Ocean
1 January, 1989
The centric diatom Coscinodiscus bouvet Karsten is a distinctive Antaretic endemic species whose distribution can be assessed reliably from a large body of literature. It appears to be typically neritic,…Antarctic cephalopods: a living marine resource?
1 January, 1989 by Paul Rodhouse
In the Antarctic there are large unexploited stocks of cephalopods with high potential commercial value and there are two important fisheries for squid in the cool temperate waters of the…Read more on Antarctic cephalopods: a living marine resource?
Periodic motions in Weddell Sea pack ice
1 January, 1989
Position data from an Argos-tracked buoy deployed in the southern Weddell Sea in the austral summer of 1986 are analysed to determine important time-scales of variation of sea-ice motion in…