Showing 11205 items
1 September, 1989
An Ekman analysis of the surface drainage winds over a sloping ice surface is reported. Ekman pumping by the boundary layer leads to the formation of an upper tropospheric cyclonic…1 September, 1989
A terrestrial sequence on Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, known as the Williams Point Beds contains a well-preserved, diverse fossil flora previously assigned a Triassic age. Because of their supposed…1 September, 1989
Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous anoxic mudstones and air-fall ashes of the Nordenskjöld Formation are exposed on the eastern coast of Graham Land. Deformation of the strata has a long history spanning…1 August, 1989
The southern elephant seal is among the most sexually dimorphic and polygynous of all mammals: males may be more than 10 times the weight of reproducing females and only the…Read more on Parental investment in southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina
1 August, 1989 by Jonathan Shanklin
New interferometric observations of the Wolf-Rayet star AS431 using the MERLIN network are presented. These observations had a sensitivity sufficient to map the stellar-thermal continuum radio emission with a beam…Read more on MERLIN observations of the Wolf–Rayet star AS431 (WR147)-a double radio source
1 August, 1989
The development of the thymus was examined in different stages of Harpagifer sp. from Signy Island (South Orkney Islands; 60°43′S, 45°38′W). The thymus was typical, both in position and structural…1 August, 1989
The epiphytic diatoms of filamentous matforming algae in Sombre Lake, Signy Island, South Orkneys, Antarctica were examined in a field study from January to March 1987. Results reveal 1) a…Read more on Depth-related changes in benthic diatom assemblages of a maritime Antarctic lake
1 July, 1989
Schistidium antarctici is the commonest of five bryophytes known in the Windmill Islands area of Wilkes Land, Greater Antarctica. In moist habitats it forms closed carpets, but in dry sites…1 June, 1989
Maternal investment, in terms of pup birth mass, in gestation by Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) was related to the date of birth in two consecutive years. There were significant…Read more on Pre-natal investment in reproduction by female Antarctic fur seals
1 June, 1989
This research examines the energy budget of breeding female Antarctic fur seals, both when food was plentiful and when it is scarce. The energy expenditure and change in body mass…Read more on Foraging energetics of Antartic fur seals in relation to changes in prey availability
1 June, 1989
The structure and function of swimming muscles in Antarctic fish is reviewed, the emphasis being on the highly endemic sub-order Notothenioidei. Adult stages of the vast majority of species swim…Read more on Antarctic fish muscles — structure, function and physiology
1 June, 1989 by John King
Wind and temperature profiles in the lowest 2000 m of the atmosphere at Halley (75°35′S, 26°50′W) have been analysed. Surface winds blow most frequently from the sector 090° ± 45°…Read more on Low-level wind profiles at an Antarctic coastal station
1 June, 1989
The Santa Marta Formation exposed on northern James Ross Island, Antarctica, represents shallow marine shelf sedimentation within an active margin basin. The formation is approximately 1000 m thick, is of…1 June, 1989
The southern polar region offers many significant advantages over its northern counterpart for studies of the interactions of the solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere and thermosphere. These mainly arise from the…Read more on Antarctic studies of the coupled ionosphere-magnetosphere system
1 June, 1989 by Eric Wolff, Robert Mulvaney
We have carried out experiments to study the incorporation and movement of HCl within the structure of ice. These involved freezing HCl solutions, and observing them in a scanning electron…1 May, 1989 by William Block
The presence of hemolymph thermal hysteresis antifreeze proteins is described in both the nymphs and adults of the Antarctic oribatid mite, Alaskozetes antarcticus collected from Signy Island in the South…1 May, 1989
Microbial activity in a marine sediment in Factory Cove, Signy Island (60°43′S, 45°38′W), South Orkney Islands in the maritime Antarctic was examined during December 1987 and January 1988. The sediment…1 May, 1989
In crested penguins Eudyptes spp., the first-laid (A) egg is very much smaller than the second (B) egg and, although viable, rarely survives to hatching. I tested the recent hypothesis…1 April, 1989
Maximum net photosynthesis of field‐fresh thalli, illuminated at 200 μmol photons m−2 s−1 (PAR), was attained at 13 °C and 1.10 g g−1 water content. Small but significant rates of…1 April, 1989
A mid-Palaeozoic basement to the Antarctic Peninsula is confirmed by a geochronological study of the gneissose country rock of the Mesozoic magmatic arc of eastern Graham Land. Rb–Sr whole-rock ages…Read more on The significance of mid-Palaeozoic basement in Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula
1 April, 1989 by Lloyd Peck
V̇o2 was measured for specimens of the Antarctic brachiopod Liothyrella uva and limpet Nacella concinna, using couloximetric techniques. Time-course studies revealed different responses to starvation by each species. N. concinna…Read more on Temperature and basal metabolism in two Antarctic marine herbivores
1 April, 1989
Recruitment of Wandering Albatrosses Diomedea exulans to the breeding population at South Georgia took between 2 and 8 years after they first returned to their natal colony. In successive seasons,…1 April, 1989
By using planetary radio astronomy (PRA), plasma wave system (PWS), and Magnetometer (MAG) data from Voyager 1 and 2 (V1 and V2), essential features of the nightside Jovian plasma sheet…Read more on Jovian plasma sheet density profile from low-frequency radio waves
1 April, 1989
In the interpretation of observed whistlers by curve fitting, systematic travel time residuals appeared which were studied by extensive simulations using ray-tracing, numerical integration and curve fitting. The residuals were…Read more on Error sources and travel time residuals in plasmaspheric whistler interpretation
1 March, 1989
A histochemical study was carried out on muscle fibre types in the myotomes of post-larval and adult stages of seven species of notothenioid fish. There was little interspecific variation in…Read more on Muscle fibre types and metabolism in post-larval and adult stages of notothenioid fish
1 March, 1989
Antarctic research has progressed steadily from the era of reconnaissance studies into a period of problem-oriented scientific investigation. The International Geophysical Year and the intensive work of the 1960s and…1 March, 1989
The design of a computer-controlled climatic simulation cabinet used for mechanical weathering studies on Antarctic rocks is described. It is argued that if the results of simulations are to be…Read more on Antarctic rock weathering simulations: simulator design, application and use
1 March, 1989
Analysis of high-resolution data from slow-ascent radiosondes released at Halley station, Antarctica (75°38′S, 26°40′W), shows that internal gravity wave phenomena are frequently present in the lower troposphere. There is a…1 March, 1989
A new fossil teleost, belonging to the family Aspidorhynchidae Nicholson & Lydekker, Aspidorhynchus antarcticus sp. nov., was obtained from a block of reworked Upper Jurassic tuffaceous mudstone in the lower…Read more on First Aspidorhynchidae (Pisces: Teleostei) from Antarctica
1 March, 1989
Observations of whistler mode signals from the VLF transmitters NAA and NSS in the Northeast U.S.A., made at Faraday, Antarctica (65°S, 64°W), are used to deduce radial plasma drifts and…1 February, 1989
(1) The doubly-labelled water method was used in the first comprehensive study of penguin energetics throughout the reproduction and moult season, comparing gentoo penguins (inshore feeding, sexually monomorphic, share breeding…1 February, 1989
This paper is a review of the literature on turbulent transfer processes over snow and ice surfaces. Current techniques for modelling these transfers for hydrological purposes are discussed.1 January, 1989
An intensive net sampling survey was conducted around the island of South Georgia during November/December 1981. The distribution and copepodite stage structure of the dominant copepods Calanoides acutus, Calanus simillimus,…Read more on Distribution of six major copepod species around South Georgia in early summer
1 January, 1989
A high mortality rate occurs in Antarctic fur seal males on the breeding beaches of Bird Island, South Georgia. The main causes of death were infections of fighting wounds and…1 January, 1989
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is generally recognized as a useful tool in reducing human impacts on the environment. The Antarctic environment is especially sensitive to harmful perturbation. Regulations introduced under…1 January, 1989 by Eric Wolff
Investigators have used the temporal record of heavy metal and sulphur concentrations in Antarctic snow to assess the extent of global atmospheric pollution in the Southern Hemisphere. These studies would…Read more on Heavy metal and sulphur emissions to the atmosphere from human activities in Antarctica
1 January, 1989
Relationships between size, body condition, age and feeding-attendance patterns during pup rearing of female Antacrtic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella and their effects on the timing of birth and weaning, pup…1 January, 1989 by Andrew Clarke, Paul Rodhouse
Juvenile cuttlefish Sepia offcinalis were hatched and reared in the laboratory at six ration levels and two temperatures. At 12.5 °C there was little growth whereas at 17.5 °C growth…1 January, 1989
In August–September 1987 a group of geophysicists, led by M. Ander of the Los Alamos National Laboratory and M. Zumberge of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, performed a geophysical experiment to…Read more on Investigating variations in the gravitational constant
1 January, 1989 by Lloyd Peck
Ash-free-dry-weight determinations for a representative range of living brachiopod genera have revealed that a consistently high proportion of total organic mass is contained within the shell, partly as the organic…Read more on Physiological constraints on living and fossil brachiopods
1 January, 1989
Glaciological measurements from Austfonna on Nordaustlandet, Svalbard, are needed as a prerequisite to mathematical modelling of ice-mass dynamics. Several upper and lower boundary conditions are set out in detail for…1 January, 1989 by David Vaughan
Results from movement surveys on Rutford Ice Stream are presented with complementary surface-elevation and ice-thickness measurements. Surface velocities of 300 m a−1 occur at least 130 km up-stream of the…Read more on Flow of Rutford Ice Stream and comparison with Carlson Inlet, Antarctica
1 January, 1989 by Richard Horne
It is generally accepted that electrostatic wave energy is the source of terrestrial myriametric radiation (TMR), but there are several theories to suggest how this energy is converted into TMR.…1 January, 1989 by Robert Larter
Multichannel seismic profiles across the Pacific margin of the Antarctic Peninsula show a series of oblique progradational sequences. These sequences exhibit a variety of unusual characteristics that suggest they were…1 January, 1989
Introduced mammals have had a major impact on the biota of islands in the Southern Ocean. Management plans for some islands include control measures for both introduced herbivores and carnivores…Read more on Introduced reindeer on South Georgia—A management dilemma
1 January, 1989
As part of the Winter Weddell Sea Project 1986 (WWSP 86), a buoy, transmitting via TIROS-N satellites to Service Argos, was inserted into an ice floe in the southern Weddell…1 January, 1989
A general method for testing the stability of a stratified, parallel shear flow is presented. The technique allows the routine determination of unstable modes from any high resolution radiosonde data…Read more on A general method for the linear stability analysis of stratified shear flows
1 January, 1989
The structural basement of Alexander Island consists of a wide belt of accretionary complex rocks, the LeMay Group (Bum 1984). This is overlain by ?Cretaceous-Tertiary calcalkalinevolcanic rocks (Bum 1981), and…1 January, 1989
The effect of an evolutionary adaptation to low environmental temperature on the development of lymphoid organs was examined in Harpagifer antarcticus from Signy Island (South Orkney Islands; 60° 43′S, 45°…1 January, 1989 by Lloyd Peck
Tissue ash-free dry mass (AFDM) was investigated in relation to animal size (length) and season in Liothyrella uva (Broderip, 1833). Brachiopods were divided into digestive gland, gonads, lophophore, other internal…1 January, 1989 by Lloyd Peck
Oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates were assessed for Terebratulina retusa (L.) held under 3 different regimes of temperature and food availability. These were: 5.6ˆC, no food (cold, starved); 5.8ˆC,…1 January, 1989
The centric diatom Coscinodiscus bouvet Karsten is a distinctive Antaretic endemic species whose distribution can be assessed reliably from a large body of literature. It appears to be typically neritic,…1 January, 1989 by Paul Rodhouse
In the Antarctic there are large unexploited stocks of cephalopods with high potential commercial value and there are two important fisheries for squid in the cool temperate waters of the…Read more on Antarctic cephalopods: a living marine resource?
1 January, 1989
Position data from an Argos-tracked buoy deployed in the southern Weddell Sea in the austral summer of 1986 are analysed to determine important time-scales of variation of sea-ice motion in…1 January, 1989
Solar-terrestrial physics is concerned with the near-Earth space environment, that is with the solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere and thermosphere. It deals with this region, now often termed geospace, in both…1 January, 1989 by Andy Smith, Ed King
The results of trials to investigate the forces required to tow cables and small sledges on Antarctic snow are discussed. Once moving, cables which were straight and towed at a…Read more on An investigation into the forces required to tow cables and sledges over Antarctic snow
1 January, 1989 by John Turner
A new method is described for obtaining information on the high latitude upper level wind field through the production of cloud motion vectors from sequences of images from polar orbiting…Read more on Cloud track winds in the polar regions from sequences of AVHRR images
1 January, 1989
Ice motion in the Weddell Sea is examined for the period 19 August (Day 232) to 12 October (Day 286) 1986 using the tracks of four Argos buoys deployed during…Read more on Basin-scale ice motion and deformation in the Weddell Sea during winter
1 January, 1989 by Peter Ward
Zooplankton was sampled intensively with an RMT 1+8M system in the fjord of Cumberland East Bay, South Georgia during late winter 1983 and summer 1987. In summer, biomass was highest…1 January, 1989
Data from the 37 μm channel of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) are contaminated by interference which appears in the images as a herring-bone pattern. This interference has…Read more on AVHRR channel-3 noise and methods for its removal
1 January, 1989
The Nordenskjöld Formation is a sequence of thinly interbedded ash beds and black, radiolarian-rich mudstones which is exposed on the eastern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. As a result of…1 January, 1989 by Jonathan Shanklin
The work of organizations in the UK to observe Comet Halley is reviewed. The activities of the Comet Halley UK Coordinating Committee are discussed. Results from space probes are summarized,…Read more on The UK contribution to observations of Comet Halley
1 January, 1989
The reduction of maximum usable frequency (MUF) during a geomagnetic storm represents a serious hindrance to the efficient operation of HF transmission links. This paper outlines a new approach to…1 December, 1988
The distribution and ultrastructure of muscle-fibre types has been investigated in adult and juvenile specimens of the pelagic high-antarctic silverfish Pleuragramma antarcticum Boulenger, 1902 collected from the South Shetland Islands…1 November, 1988
Over 12000 km of new aeromagnetic data, gathered during periods free from auroral disturbances, are presented for an area of 290 000 km2 in West Antarctica, including the majority of…1 November, 1988
Plasma wave measurements from the DE 1 (Dynamics Explorer 1) spacecraft are used to determine the polarization of an escaping terrestrial continuum radiation event that occurred on March 2, 1982.…Read more on The polarization of escaping terrestrial continuum radiation
1 November, 1988
A detailed vitrinite reflectivity study has been made through the Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of northwest James Ross Island, Antarctica. The results show that a progressive increase in reflectivity does not…1 October, 1988
The fish diet (45% of total diet by weight) of Wandering Albatrosses rearing chicks at South Georgia during the austral winters of 1983 and 1984 was investigated using otoliths retrieved…Read more on Fish prey of the Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans at South Georgia
1 October, 1988 by William Block
(1) Field predation by the mite Gamasellus racovitzai (GA) on three other species of micro-arthropods was determined using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Attack rates were derived and prey selection examined…Read more on Arthropod predation in an Antarctic terrestrial community
1 October, 1988
An occupational health unit has been established by British Antarctic Survey (BAS) which utilises the philosophy and principles employed to provide health care for offshore workers on the UK continental…Read more on Remote health care for Antarctica: the BAS medical unit
1 October, 1988 by Andrew Wood, Peter Ward
Fourteen species of the genus Euchaeta (Copepoda: Calanoida) were encountered during two cruises undertaken around South Georgia during November–December 1981 (Summer) and July–August 1983 (Winter). All 14 species were present…Read more on The distribution of the Euchaetidae (Copepoda: Calanoida) around South Georgia
1 September, 1988
ODP Leg 113 drilled 22 holes at 9 sites in the Weddell Sea, to investigate the Cenozoic development of the modern cold, circum-Antarctic water mass structure and the continental glaciation.…Read more on Weddell sea palaeoceanography: Preliminary results of ODP Leg 113
1 September, 1988 by Alistair Crame
As a result of recent field work, the 4000m thick Kimmeridgian-Albian Fossil Bluff Formation of eastern Alexander Island is elevated to Group status (Fossil Bluff Group). Four formations are recognised…1 September, 1988
At South Georgia, the diet of Wilson's storm petrel was studied using the regurgitates of adults arriving to feed chicks. Feeding frequency and meal size were estimated by weighing chicks…Read more on Food and feeding ecology of Wilson’s storm petrel Oceanites oceanicusat South Georgia