Our publications
Filtered view: Research papers
Showing 11332 items
Late Cretaceous stratigraphy and sedimentology of Cape Lamb, Vega Island, Antarctica
1 June, 1991 by Alistair Crame
An important new section for the latest Cretaceous marine sedimentary record is described from Cape Lamb, Vega Island, Antarctica. Some 480 m thick, it has been divided into three lithostratigraphic…Read more on Late Cretaceous stratigraphy and sedimentology of Cape Lamb, Vega Island, Antarctica
On the characteristics of eddies in the stable atmospheric boundary layer
1 June, 1991
A discussion of the cross-spectral properties of eddies in the lowest 40 m of the nocturnal boundary layer is presented. The study involves the analysis of meteorological data collected by…Read more on On the characteristics of eddies in the stable atmospheric boundary layer
Model plasmasphere calculations for L-values near 2.5 at the longitude of Argentine Islands, Antarctica
1 June, 1991
A model of the terrestrial plasmasphere that includes an eccentric dipole geomagnetic field has been developed. Calculations are carried out for tubes of plasma at the longitude of Argentine Islands,…Review and revision of measurements of stratospheric N2O5
1 June, 1991 by Howard Roscoe
Measurements of N2O5 in the stratosphere and of its spectrum at 1240 cm−1 in the laboratory are reviewed. Errors in previous publications about N2O5 are discussed briefly. The earliest stratospheric…Read more on Review and revision of measurements of stratospheric N2O5
Chick growth and survival in gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua): effect of hatching asynchrony and variation in food supply
1 June, 1991
In the gentoo penguin, Pygoscelis papua, we examined the effects of intra-clutch egg size differences and hatching asynchrony on differential chick growth and survival (including post-fledging survival), in five years…Reactions on sulphuric acid aerosol and on polar stratospheric clouds in the Antarctic stratosphere
1 June, 1991 by Eric Wolff, Robert Mulvaney
Heterogeneous chemistry producing active chlorine has been identified as crucial to Antarctic ozone depletion. Most attention has focussed on reactions on solid polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) particles, although there is…Environmental and physiological factors controlling the reproductive cycles of pinnipeds
1 May, 1991
The reproductive pattern of pinnipeds is characterised by embryonic diapause, annual reproduction, and synchronous breeding cycles. Active gestation lasts about 8 months in most species, but the duration of embryonic…A review of observational, theoretical and numerical studies of VLF triggered emissions
1 May, 1991
We review theoretical and numerical studies of VLF triggered emissions generated by manmade signals propagating in the whistler mode in the magnetosphere. Instead of listing all the past studies on…Read more on A review of observational, theoretical and numerical studies of VLF triggered emissions
NO2 overnight decay and layer height at Halley Bay, Antarctica
1 April, 1991
Ground‐based measurements of stratospheric slant column NO2 amounts made at Halley Bay, Antarctica in 1987 are compared with ozone and temperature profiles from balloon‐borne sondes. Sunrise‐to‐sunset (am/pm) ratios of NO2…Read more on NO2 overnight decay and layer height at Halley Bay, Antarctica
Size, shape and shell morphology in the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands
1 April, 1991
Comparison of the size, shape and shell morphology in littoral and sub-littoral morphs of the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna reveal differences in shell morphology which are enhanced by structural anomalies…lonosonde signatures of Pc1 pulsations
1 March, 1991
The first observations of the signatures of Pc1 pulsations in ionosonde echo data are reported. Oscillations are frequently observed in Doppler velocity, echo amplitude, group range and skymap echo-location position,…Changes in plasma progesterone and prolactin concentrations during the annual cycle and the role of prolactin in the maintenance of lactation and luteal development in the Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella)
1 March, 1991
Progesterone in Antarctic fur seals was undectable from 1–2 days before parturition to 4–6 days after parturition. There was a rapid increase in progesterone to 20 ng/ml between 6 and…Rapid disintegration of the Wordie Ice Shelf in response to atmospheric warming
1 March, 1991 by David Vaughan
THE breaking up of ice shelves around the Antarctic Peninsula has been cited1 as a “sign that a dangerous warming is beginning in Antarctica”. Here we present satellite images showing…Read more on Rapid disintegration of the Wordie Ice Shelf in response to atmospheric warming
Studies of conjugate plasma convection in the vicinity of the Harang discontinuity
1 March, 1991 by Michael Pinnock
Two case studies are presented of the large-scale nightside ionospheric plasma convection observed simultaneously in the two polar regions using HF backscatter radars. The case studies occur during geomagnetically quiet…Read more on Studies of conjugate plasma convection in the vicinity of the Harang discontinuity
The bivalve Aulacomyella from the Early Tithonian (Late Jurassic) of Antarctica
1 March, 1991
The bivalve Aulacomyella is described formally from Tithonian deposits of the Antarctic Peninsula region for the first time. Two species are recognized. A. willeyi Kelly sp. nov. was collected in…Read more on The bivalve Aulacomyella from the Early Tithonian (Late Jurassic) of Antarctica
An ionospheric signature of possible enhanced magnetic field merging on the dayside magnetopause
1 March, 1991 by Michael Pinnock
Identifying the causative mechanisms at the magnetopause that produce a variety of transient plasma velocity signatures in the high latitude ionosphere is difficult. Correct identification is of fundamental importance in…Life cycles of Calanoides acutus, Calanus simillimus and Rhincalanus gigas (Copepoda: Calanoida) within the Scotia Sea
1 February, 1991
The life cycles and distribution of three dominant copepods,Calanoides acutus, Calanus simillimus andRhincalanus gigas were studied from the “Discovery” collections in the Scotia Sea earlier this century.C. simillimus is a…What is cold adaptation and how should we measure it?
1 February, 1991 by Andrew Clarke
Cold adaptation encompasses all those aspects of an organism's physiology that allow it to live in polar regions. With the exception of the special case of the need to avoid…Read more on What is cold adaptation and how should we measure it?
Stress response in the Antarctic teleosts (Notothenia neglecta Nybelin and N. rossii Richardson)
1 February, 1991
Blood chemistry and haematological parameters have been determined in the Antarctic teleosts, Notothenia neglecta Nybelin and Notothenia rossii Richardson at 2° C. Samples were taken using chronically implanted dorsal aortic…Pangea in Permian to Jurassic time
1 February, 1991
The apparent polar wander paths (= APWPs) for the northern and southern continents have been redetermined using revised time-scales and data. When plotted on the conventional Pangea, Pangea A, the…Annual variation in breeding biology of macaroni penguins,Eudyptes chvysolophus, at Bird Island, South Georgia
1 February, 1991
The breeding biology of the macaroni penguin, Eudyptes chrysolophus, was studied over four years, 1976 and 1986–88, at Bird Island, South Georgia. Birds were migratory, being absent during winter (May…Diving patterns and performance in male and female blue-eyed cormorants Phalacrocorax atriceps at South Georgia
1 January, 1991
The diving pattems of two male and one female Blue-eyed Cormorants Phalacrocorax atriceps were recorded with continuous-recording time-depth recorders for l0-13 days during the 1990 breeding season. For the female…The rapid fading of radio waves reflected from sporadic-E ionization
1 January, 1991
A digital ionosonde has been used at Halley (75°31′S, 26°59′W) to examine the fading on time scales of a few seconds of 4.5 MHz signals reflected from sporadic-E ionization. Fourier…Read more on The rapid fading of radio waves reflected from sporadic-E ionization
Mass changes and metabolism in territorial male Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella)
1 January, 1991
Energy expenditure of fasting territorial male Antarctic fur seals at South Georgia was measured by mass loss and analysis of carcass composition using tritium dilution in 1987 and 1988. Mean…Muscle growth in the Antarctic teleost, Notothenia neglecta (Nybelin)
1 January, 1991
A histochemical and electron microscopy study was carried out on muscle growth in demersal stages of the Antarctic teleost Notothenia neglecta Nybelin. The total number of myotomal muscle fibres was…Read more on Muscle growth in the Antarctic teleost, Notothenia neglecta (Nybelin)
The intense magnetic storm of December 19, 1980: Observations atL= 4
1 January, 1991
The intense magnetic storm of December 19, 1980 occurred during a major rocket and balloon geophysical research campaign at Siple Station, Antarctica. A balloon flight measuring the electric field and…Read more on The intense magnetic storm of December 19, 1980: Observations atL= 4
Stratigraphic and paleoclimatic studies of a 5500-Year-old moss bank on Elephant Island, Antarctica
1 January, 1991
Analyses of a core from the deepest known moss peat bank in Antarctica, on Elephant Island, South Shetlands, show that this Chorisodontium aciphyllum-dominated bank began to grow ca. 5500 14C…Relict flow stripes on the Ross Ice Shelf
1 January, 1991 by John Turner
Analysis of AVHRR data collected during the summer and winter over the Ross Ice Shelf reveals complex patterns of curvilinear stripes. In particular, a large, looping pattern of stripes is…Egg Size and Reproductive Output in the Deep-Water Prawn Pandalus borealis Kroyer, 1838
1 January, 1991 by Andrew Clarke
The deep-water prawn Pandalus borealis Kroyer, 1838 was sampled at six locations from Krossfjord, Spitsbergen (79⚬N, close to the known northerly limit of distribution) to Kosterfjord, Sweden (58⚬N, close to…Read more on Egg Size and Reproductive Output in the Deep-Water Prawn Pandalus borealis Kroyer, 1838
The physiology of polar marine zooplankton
1 January, 1991 by Andrew Clarke, Lloyd Peck
The polar marine environment is characterised by low stable temperatures with seasonal variations ranging from ±3°C at lower latitudes to only ±0.2°C at high latitudes. The Arctic basin is dominated…The annual variation in quiet time plasmaspheric electron density, determined from whistler mode group delays
1 January, 1991 by Mark Clilverd
Whistler mode group delays from the VLF Doppler experiment at Faraday, Antarctica (65°S, 64°W) show an annual variation that has a maximum in December and a minimum in June/July. Assuming…Diving patterns and performance in the Antarctic blue-eyed shag Phalacrocorax atriceps
1 January, 1991
The pattern and characteristics of diving of two male blue‐eyed shags Phalacrocorax atriceps were studied, using continuous‐recording time‐depth recorders, for a total of 15 consecutive days during which the depth,…Read more on Diving patterns and performance in the Antarctic blue-eyed shag Phalacrocorax atriceps
Attachment and growth of antarctic soil cyanobacteria and algae on natural and artificial substrata
1 January, 1991
The attachment to artificial substrata (carborundum paper) of cyanobacteria and algae isolated from Antarctic fellfield soils was investigated using a simulated flow apparatus. Generally, the rugosity of the substratum was…Effects of physical factors on the survival and growth of antarctic terrestrial algae
1 January, 1991
The survival and growth of four genera of cyanobacteria and microalgae isolated from Antarctic fellfield soils were investigated. Survival of freezing and desiccation were studied by vital staining, and the…Read more on Effects of physical factors on the survival and growth of antarctic terrestrial algae
The seasonal periodicity of algae on Antarctic fellfield soils
1 January, 1991
Investigation of the seasonal changes in composition of an immature Antarctic fellfield cyanobacterial/microalgal community has demonstrated a repeated periodicity. The community consisted of only 14 species. Early spring growth of…Read more on The seasonal periodicity of algae on Antarctic fellfield soils
The contribution of Seasat to ice sheet glaciology
1 January, 1991 by John Turner
Seasat's contributions to ice sheet glaciology are explored with emphasis on the experience gained from this mission and on how this has assisted in defining future satellite missions. The sensors…Read more on The contribution of Seasat to ice sheet glaciology
Plasma metabolites in macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) arriving on land for breeding and moulting
1 January, 1991
1. Plasma metabolites and nutrients of macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) arriving on land in good condition, following intense feeding, for breeding and moulting were investigated. 2. The pre-breeding female birds…Ice-ocean interaction on Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica
1 January, 1991 by Adrian Jenkins
Detailed glaciological studies have been completed at 28 sites lying on an approximate flow line, extending 760 km across Ronne Ice Shelf. Parameters measured at each location include ice velocity,…Read more on Ice-ocean interaction on Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Drying processes in the Antarctic collembolan Cryptopygus antarcticus (Willem)
1 January, 1991 by William Block
Live and dead specimens of the Antarctic collembolan Cryptopygus antarcticus (Willem) dry, under constant external conditions of temperature (25 or 35°C) and r.h. (0%), like most hygric soil arthropods. The…Read more on Drying processes in the Antarctic collembolan Cryptopygus antarcticus (Willem)
Post-recruit growth of the Patagonian squid Loligo gahi (d’Orbigny)
1 January, 1991
Samples of Loligo gahi (D'Orbigny) were collected from commercial fishing vessels in the Falkland Islands Interim Conservation and Management Zone (FICZ) between March and October 1987, and from the R/V…Read more on Post-recruit growth of the Patagonian squid Loligo gahi (d’Orbigny)
The diatom genus Proboscia in Antarctic waters
1 January, 1991
Sundström (1986) erected the genus Proboscia for solenoid diatoms whose valves tapered to a proboscis, but only assigned one species to it, the boreal Rhizosolenia alata Brightwell. We have found…Fossil members of the diatom genus Proboscia
1 January, 1991
Five fossil species of Rhizosolenia are known only from the distal parts of the valve. The resemblance of these tubular structures to the proboscis of the modern genus Proboscia Sundström,…Short-term variation in the winter diet of Gentoo penguins Pygoscelis papua at South Georgia during July 1989
1 January, 1991
During winter 1989 at South Georgia, gentoo penguins showed a very rapid change in diet over a 10-day period. On 11-12 July, food samples were of low masses (150g) and…Global warming and Antarctica
1 January, 1991 by John King
Unusual sea-floor fabric near the Bullard fracture zone imaged by GLORIA sidescan sonar
1 January, 1991
THE tectonic fabric of the sea floor created at spreading ridges generally curves in the direction of ridge offset near transform faults, owing to the influence of shearing stress on…Read more on Unusual sea-floor fabric near the Bullard fracture zone imaged by GLORIA sidescan sonar
Adaptation of the melatonin rhythm in human subjects following nightshift work in Antarctica
1 January, 1991
Different environmental conditions, particularly daylength and intensity of natural light, may influence the ability of shiftworkers to adapt to the abrupt phase-shifts of 24 h time cues imposed by the…The cryptostigmatid mite Halozetes belgicae (Michael) in the maritime Antarctic
1 January, 1991
Halozetes belgicae is distributed widely in the Subantarctic and maritime Antarctic, with subspecies described from Macquarie Island and the South Sandwich Islands. A morphometrical study, based largely on the development…Read more on The cryptostigmatid mite Halozetes belgicae (Michael) in the maritime Antarctic
Application of the dielectric profiling technique to ice core studies
1 January, 1991
The dielectric profiling (DEP) technique is described and some of the differences between it and standard electrical tools used in ice core analysis are discussed. The results of DEP analysis…Read more on Application of the dielectric profiling technique to ice core studies
Field relationships and stable isotope geochemistry of concretions from James Ross Island, Antarctica
1 January, 1991
Early diagenetic (precompactional) concretions are abundant throughout the Cretaceous-Tertiary Marambio Group Larsen Basin, Antarctica. Four distinct concretion types are recognised: (1) spherical-subspherical concretions: (2) sheet concretions; (3) fossil-nucleated concretions; and…Atmospheric and space research from polar regions
1 January, 1991
The polar regions are unique laboratories for carrying out research on both the atmosphere and the near-Earth space environment. The relatively undisturbed conditions help us explore phenomena like the greenhouse…Read more on Atmospheric and space research from polar regions
The longitudinal dependence of whistler and chorus characteristics observed on the ground nearL= 4
1 January, 1991
Whistler activity at L ≃ 4 is known to be a function of longitude, peaking in the Weddell Sea sector of Antarctica; a combination of source and propagation factors, the…Identification of Janthinobacterium lividum from the soils of the islands of Scotia Ridge and from Antarctic peninsula
1 January, 1991
Eight isolates of bacteria from the soils of maritime Antarctica and Antarctic peninsula have been identified as members of the genus Janthinobacterium. Based on their morphology, physiological characteristics, biochemical characteristics…The use of tiltmeters to study the dynamics of Antarctic ice-shelf grounding lines
1 January, 1991 by Andy Smith
New tiltmeter data are presented from Doake Ice Rumples on Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Five sites which showed a tidal ice-shelf flexure have been analysed using an elastic beam model…Read more on The use of tiltmeters to study the dynamics of Antarctic ice-shelf grounding lines
The lichen genus Stereocaulon in Antarctica and South Georgia
1 January, 1991
Six species of Stereocaulon and one unnamed taxon (close to S. glabrum) are reported from South Georgia, the maritime Antarctic islands and Antarctic Peninsula. S. caespitosum is new to the…Read more on The lichen genus Stereocaulon in Antarctica and South Georgia
Compression and rarefaction of F-region plasma caused by an atmospheric gravity wave
1 January, 1991
The Advanced Ionospheric Sounder at Halley (75° 31′S, 26° 59′W) in Antarctica has been used to observe the F-region disturbance caused by an atmospheric gravity wave. Observations at 4.5 MHz…Read more on Compression and rarefaction of F-region plasma caused by an atmospheric gravity wave
A census of the black-browed albatross Diomedea melanophrys population on Steeple Jason Island, Falkland Islands
1 January, 1991
The world's largest colony of the black-browed albatross Diomedea melanophrys on Steeple Jason Island, Falkland Islands was systematically censused for the first time in December 1987. Colony area was estimated…Stratigraphy, stable isotopes and salinity in multi-year sea ice from the rift area, south George VI Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 1991
Results from a detailed profile in a 5.54 m multi-year sea-ice core from the rift area in the southern part of George VI Ice Shelf are presented. Stratigraphy, stable isotopes…A precise Rb‐Sr age for the Mandamus Igneous Complex, North Canterbury, and regional tectonic implications
1 January, 1991
A precise Rb‐Sr isochron age of 97.0 ± 0.5 Ma is presented for whole‐rock and mineral samples from the Mandamus Igneous Complex, North Canterbury. A low 87Sr/ 86Sr initial ratio…Ageing criteria in the Starling Sturnus vulgaris
1 January, 1991
The reliability of various criteria (throat feather length and the characteristics of rectrices and upper tail‐coverts) previously suggested for ageing Starlings was assessed using a sample of known‐aged birds. Total…Read more on Ageing criteria in the Starling Sturnus vulgaris
The accumulation of fluorescent age pigments in the trochid gastropod Monodonta lineata
1 December, 1990 by Andrew Clarke
Several recent studies have shown the potential value of chloroform-soluble fluorescent age pigments (FAPs) in determining the age of marine invertebrates with no permanent hard parts. The primary assumption in…Read more on The accumulation of fluorescent age pigments in the trochid gastropod Monodonta lineata
Role of the polar regions in global change. Fairbanks, Alaska, 11–15 June 1990
1 December, 1990 by Alistair Crame, John Turner
The International Conference on the Role of the Polar Regions in Global Change was hosted by the Geophysical Institute and Center for Global Change and Arctic System Research of the…Read more on Role of the polar regions in global change. Fairbanks, Alaska, 11–15 June 1990
Regional aeromagnetic anomalies in Ellsworth Land: Crustal structure and Mesozoic microplate boundaries within West Antarctica
1 December, 1990
The structural relationship between West Antarctic crustal blocks has remained uncertain due to a lack of information concerning sub‐ice crustal structure. A regional aeromagnetic reconnaissance of Ellsworth Land between 72…Quasilongitudinal approximation for whistler-mode waves in the magnetospheric plasma
1 December, 1990 by Richard Horne
The range of applicability of an improved quasilongitudinal approximation for whistler-mode waves in the equatorial magnetosphere (4 ≲ L ≲ 6.6) is specified based on the direct comparison between numerical…Read more on Quasilongitudinal approximation for whistler-mode waves in the magnetospheric plasma
Preliminary stratigraphy of volcanoes in the Executive Committee Range, central Marie Byrd Land
1 December, 1990
Marie Byrd Land is amongst the most inaccessible and least visited regions of Antarctica. It contains a large alkaline volcanic province, with 18 large central volcanoes and numerous small satellitic…Growth of Antarctic and temperate terrestrial Protozoa under fluctuating temperature regimes
1 December, 1990
Population growth rates of Antarctic and temperate isolates of the microflagellate Heteromita globosa Stein and of the ciliate Colpoda cucullus Müller were determined during incubation both under constant 3.5° and…The selection of microbial communities by constant or fluctuating temperatures
1 December, 1990
The diversity of bacterial communities isolated from Antarctic lake sediment in chemostats under constant low temperature (8°C) or diurnally fluctuating temperature (1°C to 16°C) was examined. The median optimum temperature…Read more on The selection of microbial communities by constant or fluctuating temperatures
Factors affecting variation in foraging and activity patterns of gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) during the breeding season at Bird Island, South Georgia
1 December, 1990
(1) Radio-telemetry was used to study the activity patterns of gentoo penguins, Pygoscelis papua, at Bird Island, South Georgia, throughout the breeding season, to assess variation in foraging effort (foraging…Growth and survival in macaroni penguin, Eudyptes chrysolophus, A- and B-chicks: do females maximise investment in the large B-egg?
1 December, 1990
In crested penguins, Eudyptes spp., the first-laid (A) egg is smaller than the second-laid (B) egg and although viable rarely survives to hatching. I studied survival and growth to fledging…Ion cyclotron absorption at the second harmonic of the oxygen gyrofrequency
1 November, 1990 by Richard Horne
The ray paths of unstable electromagnetic waves generated inside the plasmapause during magnetic storm conditions are followed using the HOTRAY code. Unducted waves which are preferentially generated in the field…Read more on Ion cyclotron absorption at the second harmonic of the oxygen gyrofrequency
Ionogram inversion for a tilted ionosphere
1 November, 1990
Digital ionosondes such as the Dynasonde disclose that the ionosphere is seldom horizontal even when it is plane stratified to a good approximation. The local magnetic dip does not then…Simultaneous HF-radar and DMSP observations of the cusp
1 October, 1990 by Michael Pinnock
The Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) Program is directed toward modeling the coupled solar wind/magnetosphere/ionosphere system. The inter‐calibration of ground‐based observations of the ionosphere and satellite observations has been identified as…Read more on Simultaneous HF-radar and DMSP observations of the cusp
Cephalopod prey of the grey-headed albatross Diomedea chrysostoma
1 October, 1990 by Paul Rodhouse
Cephalopod remains were collected, at regular intervals throughout the fledging period, from the stomach contents of chicks of the grey-headed albatrossDiomedea chrysostoma at Bird Island, South Georgia, in 1984 and…Read more on Cephalopod prey of the grey-headed albatross Diomedea chrysostoma
Science, environment and resources in Antarctica
1 October, 1990
Earlier views regarding the relative insignificance of Antarctic science have been rudely shattered by recent developments. The International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957–1958 represented a major turning point for research…Read more on Science, environment and resources in Antarctica
Sampling biological characteristics of krill: Effect of heterogeneous nature of swarms
1 October, 1990 by Jonathan Watkins
An effect of the very patchy distribution of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana) in various forms of aggregation is that a single swarm may not provide an unbiased estimate of…Read more on Sampling biological characteristics of krill: Effect of heterogeneous nature of swarms
Annual variation in breeding biology of gentoo penguins,Pygoscelis papua, at Bird Island, South Georgia
1 October, 1990
The breeding biology of the gentoo penguin, Pygoscelis papua, was studied over a three‐year period (1986–1988) at Bird Island, South Georgia, with particular reference to birds of known age or…