Showing 11205 items
1 January, 1992
A mathematical model of the ionosphere and plasmasphere that includes an eccentric dipole geomagnetic field has been constructed to model, in the first instance, whistler results at L = 2.5.…Read more on Seasonal and longitudinal effects on plasmaspheric tube content
1 January, 1992 by Paul Rodhouse
In the austral summers of 1986 and 1988–1989, 51 southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) at Husvik, South Georgia (54°10′S; 36°43′W), were stomach lavaged after chemical immobilization. Only cephalopod remains were…Read more on Cephalopod prey of the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina L.
1 January, 1992 by Paul Rodhouse
Cephalopod paralarvae and juveniles were sampled with RMT8 and Bongo nets during 2 cruises of the MV 'Falklands Protector' in the southwest Atlantic Ocean in October/November 1990 and 1991. Each…1 January, 1992
Simultaneous ground-based observations of narrowband and broadband VLF radio waves and of cloud-to-ground lightning were made at widely spaced locations during the 1987 Wave-Induced Particle Precipitation (WIPP) campaign, conducted from…1 January, 1992 by Howard Roscoe
The measurement of N2O5 by Evans [Appl. Opt. 25, 1866–1868 (1986)] contains several serious errors. A reanalysis of the published infrared spectra gives the more realistic error bar of ±45%.Read more on Observation of the 8-μm N2O5 thermal emission feature in the stratosphere: comment
1 January, 1992 by Howard Roscoe
In a new program which performs a Backus-Gilbert analysis of the output kernels from the input kernels of any hypothetical remote sensor, Conrath's method for calculating trade-off curves has been…1 January, 1992 by Mark Clilverd
The group delay times (tg) of whistler-mode waves generated by the NAA (f= 24.0 kHz) and NSS (f = 21.4 kHz) U.S. Navy transmitters and recorded at Faraday, Antarctica (L=…1 January, 1992
Palynomorph assemblages dominated by dinoflagellate cysts are described from seventeen samples from the Rabot Member of the Santa Marta Formation at Ekelöf Point, eastern James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Although…1 January, 1992 by Eric Wolff
Cadmium, copper, lead and zinc concentrations have been measured on a sequence of snow blocks covering 2 years’ accumulation at a site on the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula.…Read more on Seasonal input of heavy metals to Antarctic snow
1 January, 1992
References Citations Metrics Reprints & Permissions Get access The standard of Antarctic maps in many of the world atlases on sale in the UK is reviewed and the…1 January, 1992 by Richard Horne
The excitation of SAR arcs requires the transfer of energy from the energetic storm-time ring current ions to tonal electrons located just inside the plasmapause. A recent observational study has…1 January, 1992
The LeMay Group of Alexander Island, Antarctic Peninsula, is a Mesozoic accretionary prism that was constructed during subduction of Pacific and proto-Pacific oceanic crust. In central Alexander Island, several distinct…1 January, 1992 by John Turner
An atmospheric transmittance model has been applied to Antarctic radiosonde ascents in order to examine the high-latitude normalized weighting functions (NWF) of the water vapour channels on the High Resolution…Read more on High-latitude moisture structure determined from HIRS water vapour imagery
1 January, 1992 by Jonathan Watkins
Length, sex and maturity stage of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba Dana occurring in discrete swarms were measured. Over a 14 d period 38 swarms were sampled in a small area…1 January, 1992
Syenogranites and monzogranites of Edward VII Peninsula, Marie Byrd Land, represent magmatism associated with continental rifting and the separation of New Zealand from W Antarctica in the mid-Cretaceous. These coarse-grained,…1 January, 1992
1. Plasma concentrations of urea, uric acid and total lipid were compared in pre- and late-fast breeding and moulting macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) to test the hypothesis that birds exhaust…Read more on Breeding and moulting fasts in macaroni penguins: Do birds exhaust their fat reserves?
1 January, 1992
Annual variation in return rate of breeding birds, mate and nest-site fidelity was studied in the resident Gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) and migratory Macaroni (Eudyptes chrysolophus) Penguin from 1986 to 1990…1 January, 1992
We studied diving patterns and performance (dive depth, duration, frequency and organization during the foraging trip) in relation to diet in nonbreeding Gentoo Penguins (Pygoscelis papua) over 59 days (involving…1 January, 1992 by Eric Wolff
The Antarctic ice sheet is the main sink for atmospheric pollution reaching the Antarctic atmosphere from other continents. The ice preserves a historical record of the atmosphere that can be…1 January, 1992
Thirty samples from two sections on south-western Humps Island, James Ross Basin, northern Antarctic Peninsula, contain moderately diverse dinoflagellate cyst assemblages deposited in shallow shelf, open marine conditions. Assemblages contain…Read more on Dinoflagellate cysts from the Marambio Group (Upper Cretaceous) of Humps Island
1 January, 1992 by Roger Worland, William Block
The ability of adults and larvae of two species of perimylopid beetles (Hydromedion sparsutum, Perimylops antarcticus) to survive sub-zero temperatures was studied at Husvik, South Georgia in summer during October–December…1 December, 1991
Seabirds of high latitudes in the North and South Atlantic (chiefly penguins, Procellariformes, alcids, shags, Gannet and Kittiwake) are compared (on absolute and energy-, mass- and time-specific scaled bases) in…Read more on Foraging economics and performance of polar and subpolar Atlantic seabirds
1 December, 1991 by Alistair Crame
One of the most important outcrops of uppermost Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian) sedimentary rocks in the southern high latitudes occurs within the James Ross Island group, northeastern Antarctic Peninsula. These rocks comprise…1 December, 1991
Geochemical and isotopic data are presented that suggest the existence of a large, Middle Jurassic subduction‐related magmatic province common to both the Antarctic Peninsula and southern South America. We argue…1 December, 1991
The population structure and transmission of Escherichia coli in a small group of individuals isolated for 26 weeks on an Antarctic base were studied by multilocus electrophoresis of eight enzymes…1 November, 1991
The burst precipitation of energetic electrons (≥40 keV), induced by interactions with lightning‐generated whistler mode waves, has been observed to cause phase and amplitude perturbations on subionospheric VLF signals (“Trimpi”…1 November, 1991 by Adrian Jenkins
Large‐scale oceanic circulation beneath Antarctic ice shelves is driven by the thenmohaline differences which result from mass and energy exchange at the ice‐ocean interface. Dense, saline waters are drawn underneath…Read more on A one-dimensional model of ice shelf-ocean interaction
1 November, 1991 by Robert Larter
Precise measurements of spreading rates on marine magnetic profiles collected to the west of the Antarctic Peninsula have enabled some consideration of the forces governing plate motion, since Antarctic—Phoenix motion…1 November, 1991 by Keith Makinson, Keith Nicholls
THE intimate thermal contact between the base of Antarctic ice shelves and the underlying ocean enables changes in climate to have a rapid impact on the outflow of ice from…1 November, 1991
Nitrogen assimilation was measured in two austral summers in the Scotia Sea around the island of South Georgia as well as the Bransfield Strait. Nitrate and ammonium assimilation was measured…29 October, 1991 by John Turner
1 October, 1991
We observed 195 multispecies feeding flocks of birds near Bird Island, South Georgia, between 4 February and 5 March in 1986. Up to 19 seabird species plus Antarctic fur seals…Read more on Observations of multispecies seabird flocks around South Georgia
1 October, 1991
During three days of quiet geomagnetic conditions in August 1988, both the EISCAT UHF radar and the NOAA digital ionospheric sounder (Dynasonde) were operated from 12:00 to 22:00 U.T. Sporadic-E…1 September, 1991
The Antarctic marine ecosystem contains low concentrations of a range of hydrocarbons, overwhelmingly biogenic in origin. The low natural levels of hydrocarbons and the small amount of local human activity…Read more on Hydrocarbons in the Antarctic marine environment
1 September, 1991
The horizontal and vertical distributions of cyanobacteria and algae on soil polygons on Signy Island were investigated. Soil chlorophyll concentrations increased from the centre to the edge of the polygons.…Read more on The spatial distribution of microalgae on Antarctic fellfield soils
1 September, 1991
During the austral summer of 1987/1988, three 24 h in situ primary productivity measurements were made at a nearshore sublittoral site on the east coast of Signy Island, Antarctica. The…1 September, 1991
The freshwater streams of James Ross Island share many of the features common to other Antarctic streams. There is a diel variation in temperature and discharge, which follows the daily…Read more on Freshwater stream ecosystems of James Ross Island, Antarctica
1 September, 1991
A 100‐m ice core from site G 15 (accumulation rate 0.1 m water yr−1, mean annual temperature −38°C) on the Mizuho plateau, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica, has been analysed…Read more on A continuous 770-year record of volcanic activity from east Antarctica
1 September, 1991
The Antarctic fellfield habitat is an extreme terrestrial environment in which the survival of organisms depends upon an ability to withstand both very low temperatures and severe water shortage. The…Read more on Water-loss and anhydrobiotic survival in nematodes of Antarctic fellfields
1 September, 1991
We have used observations of the group time delay and Doppler shift of ducted VLF whistler mode signals propagating near L = 2.5 to deduce the azimuthal component of the…Read more on Electric fields at L = 2.5 during geomagnetically disturbed conditions
1 September, 1991
Little is known about the aerial transport of microbes, plants and animals into and between Antarctic terrestrial and freshwater habitats. Isolation by the circumpolar Southern Ocean restricts propagules to three…Read more on Aerobiology and colonization in Antarctica — the BIOTAS Programme
1 August, 1991
A time-depth-temperature recorder provided a continuous record of diving by a female southern elephant seal in relation to water temperature for 27 days (1939 dives) after completion of moult. Mean…1 July, 1991
A model of the dynamics of magnetic storms is proposed which describes the effects of magnetospheric activity on irregularities at F layer heights for auroral and subauroral latitudes. For high…1 July, 1991
Aerosol samples were collected at a remote site near the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula during the austral summer of 1984/85. Filter samples were analyzed for Al (as a…Read more on Concentrations and sources of metals in the Antarctic Peninsula aerosol
1 July, 1991
The seasonal pattern of the microphytobenthic community at a near-shore site on the east coast of Signy Island (60°43′S, 45°38′W), South Orkney Islands, was examined over a period of 18…1 July, 1991
A sediment core from Jane Basin, northern Weddell Sea, contains distinct bands, up to 3 cm thick, of well preserved diatom frustules, contrasting with the generally poor preservation of adjacent…Read more on Unusual diatom layers in upper pleistocene sediments from the northern Weddell Sea
1 July, 1991
The results are presented of a statistical study of the occurrence, strength, frequency and polarization characteristics of magnetic pulsations in the Pc3 frequency range (0.022–0.1 Hz) recorded at Halley, L…Read more on On the nature of Pc3 pulsations at L = 4 and their solar wind dependence
1 July, 1991 by Mark Clilverd
Whistler mode group delays observed at Faraday, Antarctica (65°S, 64°W) decrease after the onset of magnetic storms, and slowly recover to normal levels in 1 or 2 days. This is…Read more on Magnetic storm effects on the mid-latitude plasmasphere
1 June, 1991
(1) We investigated time allocation to parental care ashore and foraging at sea by lactating Antarctic fur seals at Bird Island, South Georgia, during 1988-89 and 1989-90 and related this…Read more on Time budgets and foraging characteristics of lactating Antarctic fur seals
1 June, 1991
A study has been made of vertical thermospheric winds in the vicinity of Halley, Antarctica (75.5°S, 26.8°W; L = 4.2). Strong downward winds, up to 50 m s−1, are frequently…Read more on Vertical thermospheric winds at the equatorward edge of the auroral oval
1 June, 1991
Ridge crest-trench interactions along continental destructive plate margins may result in the development of slab-free windows beneath the continental margin. Slab windows were generated at various locations along the Pacific…Read more on Relation between alkalic volcanism and slab-window formation
1 June, 1991 by Andrew Clarke, Peter Ward
Resting metabolic rate(V ˙ O 2[rest] ) (V˙O2[rest]) was measured in demersal stages of the teleostNotothenia neglecta Nybelin from the South Orkney Islands, Antarctica, from 1985 to 1987. The relationship…1 June, 1991 by Ed King
The British Antarctic Survey has commenced a programme of multichannel seismic reflection work over the Antarctic continental ice sheet and surrounding ice shelves. This is part of an integrated geophysical…Read more on Effectiveness of different shooting techniques in Antarctic firn
1 June, 1991 by Alistair Crame
An important new section for the latest Cretaceous marine sedimentary record is described from Cape Lamb, Vega Island, Antarctica. Some 480 m thick, it has been divided into three lithostratigraphic…Read more on Late Cretaceous stratigraphy and sedimentology of Cape Lamb, Vega Island, Antarctica
1 June, 1991
A discussion of the cross-spectral properties of eddies in the lowest 40 m of the nocturnal boundary layer is presented. The study involves the analysis of meteorological data collected by…Read more on On the characteristics of eddies in the stable atmospheric boundary layer
1 June, 1991
A model of the terrestrial plasmasphere that includes an eccentric dipole geomagnetic field has been developed. Calculations are carried out for tubes of plasma at the longitude of Argentine Islands,…1 June, 1991 by Howard Roscoe
Measurements of N2O5 in the stratosphere and of its spectrum at 1240 cm−1 in the laboratory are reviewed. Errors in previous publications about N2O5 are discussed briefly. The earliest stratospheric…Read more on Review and revision of measurements of stratospheric N2O5
1 June, 1991
In the gentoo penguin, Pygoscelis papua, we examined the effects of intra-clutch egg size differences and hatching asynchrony on differential chick growth and survival (including post-fledging survival), in five years…1 June, 1991 by Eric Wolff, Robert Mulvaney
Heterogeneous chemistry producing active chlorine has been identified as crucial to Antarctic ozone depletion. Most attention has focussed on reactions on solid polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) particles, although there is…1 May, 1991
The reproductive pattern of pinnipeds is characterised by embryonic diapause, annual reproduction, and synchronous breeding cycles. Active gestation lasts about 8 months in most species, but the duration of embryonic…1 May, 1991
We review theoretical and numerical studies of VLF triggered emissions generated by manmade signals propagating in the whistler mode in the magnetosphere. Instead of listing all the past studies on…Read more on A review of observational, theoretical and numerical studies of VLF triggered emissions
1 April, 1991
Ground‐based measurements of stratospheric slant column NO2 amounts made at Halley Bay, Antarctica in 1987 are compared with ozone and temperature profiles from balloon‐borne sondes. Sunrise‐to‐sunset (am/pm) ratios of NO2…Read more on NO2 overnight decay and layer height at Halley Bay, Antarctica
1 April, 1991
Comparison of the size, shape and shell morphology in littoral and sub-littoral morphs of the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna reveal differences in shell morphology which are enhanced by structural anomalies…1 March, 1991
The first observations of the signatures of Pc1 pulsations in ionosonde echo data are reported. Oscillations are frequently observed in Doppler velocity, echo amplitude, group range and skymap echo-location position,…1 March, 1991
Progesterone in Antarctic fur seals was undectable from 1–2 days before parturition to 4–6 days after parturition. There was a rapid increase in progesterone to 20 ng/ml between 6 and…1 March, 1991 by David Vaughan
THE breaking up of ice shelves around the Antarctic Peninsula has been cited1 as a “sign that a dangerous warming is beginning in Antarctica”. Here we present satellite images showing…Read more on Rapid disintegration of the Wordie Ice Shelf in response to atmospheric warming
1 March, 1991 by Michael Pinnock
Two case studies are presented of the large-scale nightside ionospheric plasma convection observed simultaneously in the two polar regions using HF backscatter radars. The case studies occur during geomagnetically quiet…Read more on Studies of conjugate plasma convection in the vicinity of the Harang discontinuity
1 March, 1991
The bivalve Aulacomyella is described formally from Tithonian deposits of the Antarctic Peninsula region for the first time. Two species are recognized. A. willeyi Kelly sp. nov. was collected in…Read more on The bivalve Aulacomyella from the Early Tithonian (Late Jurassic) of Antarctica
1 March, 1991 by Michael Pinnock
Identifying the causative mechanisms at the magnetopause that produce a variety of transient plasma velocity signatures in the high latitude ionosphere is difficult. Correct identification is of fundamental importance in…1 February, 1991
The life cycles and distribution of three dominant copepods,Calanoides acutus, Calanus simillimus andRhincalanus gigas were studied from the “Discovery” collections in the Scotia Sea earlier this century.C. simillimus is a…1 February, 1991 by Andrew Clarke
Cold adaptation encompasses all those aspects of an organism's physiology that allow it to live in polar regions. With the exception of the special case of the need to avoid…Read more on What is cold adaptation and how should we measure it?
1 February, 1991
Blood chemistry and haematological parameters have been determined in the Antarctic teleosts, Notothenia neglecta Nybelin and Notothenia rossii Richardson at 2° C. Samples were taken using chronically implanted dorsal aortic…1 February, 1991
The apparent polar wander paths (= APWPs) for the northern and southern continents have been redetermined using revised time-scales and data. When plotted on the conventional Pangea, Pangea A, the…1 February, 1991
The breeding biology of the macaroni penguin, Eudyptes chrysolophus, was studied over four years, 1976 and 1986–88, at Bird Island, South Georgia. Birds were migratory, being absent during winter (May…1 January, 1991
The diving pattems of two male and one female Blue-eyed Cormorants Phalacrocorax atriceps were recorded with continuous-recording time-depth recorders for l0-13 days during the 1990 breeding season. For the female…1 January, 1991
A digital ionosonde has been used at Halley (75°31′S, 26°59′W) to examine the fading on time scales of a few seconds of 4.5 MHz signals reflected from sporadic-E ionization. Fourier…Read more on The rapid fading of radio waves reflected from sporadic-E ionization