Found 13319 items
1 January, 1998 by Jonathan Watkins
Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba Dana, a major component in the southern ocean food web, typically occur in aggregations that range from small, discrete swarms and schools through to layers and…Read more on Layers of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba : are they just long krill swarms?
1 January, 1998 by Mark Clilverd
We report measured levels of very low frequency (VLF) radio noise at ∼10 kHz, due to lightning sferics, observed at Halley Station, Antarctica (76°S, 27°W) between 1971 and 1996. The…1 January, 1998 by William Block
Soil warming experiments were conducted in tundra heath and polar semi-desert soils at the High Arctic location of Ny-Alesund, West Spitsbergen, Svalbard, The warming treatment resulted in an 8-10% increase…1 January, 1998 by Andrew Clarke
At first sight, the life-history strategies adopted by Antarctic fish appear to be a paradox. The majority of fish species are demersal and inhabit the peri-Antarctic islands that are isolated,…Read more on Development, dispersal and recruitment: A paradox for survival among Antarctic fish
1 January, 1998 by Roger Worland
The mechanism by which the freeze susceptible Arctic collembolan Onychiurus arcticus survives winter temperatures of −25°C in the field is not fully understood but exposure to sub-zero temperatures (e.g. −2.5°C)…1 January, 1998
Plankton samples were collected from 10 depths at 25 stations spaced at intervals of about 4° of latitude along a transect from the British Isles to the Falkland Islands. Four…Read more on Picoplanktonic community structure on an Atlantic transect from 50°N to 50°S
1 January, 1998 by William Block
Amylolytic activity was measured in whole body homogenates of High Arctic (Onychiurus arcticus) and temperate (Protaphorura armata) springtails (Collembola: Onychiuridae) in the temperature range 5–55°C. A pH of ca. 8…1 January, 1998 by Claire Waluda
A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to test hypotheses regarding the spatial distribution of the squid Loligo forbesi and Loligo vulgaris vulgaris in the northern North-East Atlantic during the…1 December, 1997 by Peter Convey
1. 1. Features of life history strategies of Antarctic terrestrial invertebrates are reviewed and compared with the predictions of two widely-used general life history models. 2. 2. Many features observed…1 December, 1997 by Richard Horne
We have used 1-year's data from the recently installed Magnetometer Array for Cusp and Cleft Studies (MACCS) in Arctic Canada and from two stations of the developing “conjugate” array of…1 December, 1997
Perturbations in the geomagnetic field at the Earth's surface can result from variations in the neutral wind field in the lower thermosphere through dynamo action in the interfused ionospheric E…1 December, 1997
The mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) is a prominent member of the coastal fish fauna of the Seasonal Pack-Ice Zone and the islands north of it. Separated into a number of…1 December, 1997
The dispersal of algae and cyanobacteria at three Antarctic fellfield sites was investigated using microscopic and culture analysis of samples from active and passive air samplers Intersite variation in the…Read more on Airborne dispersal of antarctic terrestrial algae and cyanobacteria
1 December, 1997 by William Block
Cold-resistance studies of marine invertebrates have concentrated on intertidal sedentary organisms, which are often subjected to subzero air temperatures in winter. Mobile rock pool inhabitants have been rarely studied because…1 December, 1997 by Alistair Crame, Teal Riley
New exposures of fossiliferous sedimentary rocks at Cape Framnes, Jason Peninsula (65°57′S, 60°33′W) are assigned to the Middle–Late Jurassic Latady Formation of the south-eastern Antarctic Peninsula region. A sequence of…1 December, 1997 by Philip Leat
Compositions and distributions of mafic dykes in the Antarctic Peninsula continental arc show that tapping of several mantle sources was tectonically controlled. In the Cretaceous to Tertiary, between 135 Ma…1 December, 1997
Antarctic cartographers face many challenges. They are required to prepare accurate maps of a remote and dangerous environment in support of science programmes, logistic operations, and search and rescue activities.…1 December, 1997
The chrysophyte stomatocyst flora from 36 moss samples from Stromness Bay area on the subantarctic island of South Georgia is decribed, using both light and scanning electron microscopy. A total…1 November, 1997
A large ultra-oligotrophic Antarctic freshwater lake, Crooked Lake, was investigated between January 1993 and November 1993. The water column supported a small phytoplankton community limited by temperature, nutrient availability and,…1 November, 1997
The digital ionospheric sounder, or dynasonde, located at the British Antarctic Survey's research station at Halley, Antarctica, has recently been operated as an imaging Doppler interferometer (IDI). The implementation of…1 November, 1997
Well-documented present-day distributions of stable water isotopes (HDO and H218O) show the existence, in middle and high latitudes, of a linear relationship between the mean annual isotope content of precipitation…Read more on Validity of the temperature reconstruction from water isotopes in ice cores
1 November, 1997 by Peter Convey
Aerobiological studies were conducted for >1 year using arrays of rotorod samplers at three sites on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, maritime Antarctic. Spores of five bryophyte taxa were identified,…Read more on Dispersal of moss propagules on Signy Island, maritime Antarctic
1 November, 1997
At the northern edge of the Weddell Gyre, Antarctica, fine-grained sediments accumulate beneath eastward-flowing Weddell Sea Bottom Water. We report on sediment trap material and core tops from four sites,…1 November, 1997 by Eric Wolff
High-resolution continuous profiles were obtained on the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) ice core using two different electrical methods. After correction for temperature and density, the electrical conductivity method (ECM)…1 October, 1997
A retrospective analysis of accidents involving snowmobiles experienced by members of the British Antarctic Survey between 1989 and 1996 revealed 37 injured individuals (or 1.9% of new consultations). The mean…1 October, 1997
Using a hierarchy of climate models together with observations from gridded analyses, I examine the atmosphere-only and coupled ocean-atmosphere variability in the general circulation for the region south of 40 °S.…Read more on Variability in annual mean circulation in southern high latitudes
1 October, 1997
Prince Gustav Ice Shelf, situated between James Ross Island and Trinity Peninsula at the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, has retreated rapidly between 1989 and 1995. This…Read more on Historical observations of Prince Gustav Ice Shelf
1 October, 1997
Rates of carbon flux in 14 species of Antarctic bryophytes were measured under controlled conditions using an infra-red gas analysis system. The results were used to produce estimates of mode!…1 October, 1997
Mites of the genera Halolaelaps and Phaulodinychus (Gamasida), together with Histiostoma (Acaridida) (Acarina: Chelicerata), occur amongst tidal debris strandlines on the sandy shores of the South Wales coast. Phoretic deuteronymphs…1 October, 1997 by Anna Jones, Howard Roscoe
Measurements of total ozone at Faraday, Antarctica (65°S), by a visible spectrometer show a winter maximum. This new observation is consistent with the descent of air within the polar vortex…Read more on Midwinter start to Antarctic ozone depletion: evidence from observations and models
1 October, 1997 by William Block
Rates of water loss were determined for four Coleoptera species: the herbivores Hydromedion sparsutum, Perimylops antarcticus (Family Perimylopidae) and the carnivores Trechisibus antarcticus, Oopterus soledadinus (Family Carabidae) collected during summer…Read more on Responses to desiccation in four Coleopterans from sub-Antarctic South Georgia
1 October, 1997 by Peter Ward
A regional comparison of the life cycle of Rhincalanus gigas was undertaken on the basis of selected net haul data collected in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean between…1 September, 1997
The Raman microscopic analysis of a cryptoendolithic lichen community in sandstone from East Beacon Ridge, Victoria Land, Antarctica, is described for the first time. The Raman spectra from the crustal,…1 September, 1997 by John King, Steve Colwell
An analysis of a long-term surface air temperature record for Fossil Bluff in the George VI Sound, West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) documents in detail some important aspects of the climate…1 September, 1997
Morphological descriptions of the seeds of eight phanerogamic species are provided together with observations on the dispersal of the seeds and the habitats of parent plants. These are discussed in…Read more on Ecology and seed morphology of endemic species from Kerguelen Phytogeographic Zone
1 September, 1997
Foraging grey-headed albatrosses spent 86% of the night but only 20% of the day sitting on the sea; most diving activity occurred during daylight. During the broad-guard period of nesting,…1 August, 1997 by Robert Larter
Despite a spreading rate of 65–70 km Ma−1, the East Scotia Ridge has, along most of its length, a form typically associated with slower rates of sea floor spreading. This…Read more on Subduction influence on magma supply at the East Scotia Ridge
1 August, 1997 by Eric Wolff
The measured density and conductivity of a 181 m ice core are used to calculate a profile of complex reflection coefficients. It is confirmed that the amplitude reflection coefficients due…1 August, 1997
Effects of summer food shortage on king penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus chicks were studied at South Georgia. Two cohorts were compared, fledging in the austral summers of 1992 (n = 32) and 1994…1 August, 1997
Mesozooplankton abundance, community structure and grazing impact were determined during late austral summer (February/March) 1994 at eight oceanic stations near South Georgia using samples collected with a Bongo and WP-2…1 August, 1997 by Howard Roscoe
Vertical profiles of NO2 are retrieved from ground-based UV-visible slant columns by sequential estimation, using a forward model that consists of a stacked box photochemical model and a radiative transfer…1 August, 1997 by Mark Clilverd
In a previous study it was reported that whistler- mode signals received at Faraday, Antarctica (65°S,64°W) and Dunedin, New Zealand (46°S, 171°E) with entry regions in Pacific longitudes (typically from…1 August, 1997
The influence of feeding state on cold-adapted metabolism was investigated in the adults of two carabid beetles, Trechisibus antarcticus and Oopterus soledadinus (Coleoptera: Carabidae), which have been introduced to sub-Antarctic…1 August, 1997 by Eric Wolff
Data on the relationship between the electrical conductivity and the chemistry of ice cores from the polar regions are summarized. The electrical conductivity measurement is used as a proxy for…Read more on Factors controlling the electrical conductivity of ice from the polar regions-A Summary
1 July, 1997
Monitoring was undertaken of the fate in the marine environment of an accidental spill of diesel fuel (1000 litres) from Faraday Research Station, Galindez Island, Antarctica in March 1992. On…1 July, 1997
The diets of six of the main seabird species (two petrels, two albatrosses, two penguins) breeding at Bird Island, South Georgia were studied simultaneously during the chick-rearing period in 1986.…Read more on Dietary segregation of krill-eating South Georgia seabirds
1 July, 1997
Mackerel icefish Champsocephalus gunnari are widespread on the South Georgia (54° S, 36° W) shelf. Analysis of condition indicated a strong interannual variation. High condition indices, indicative of good feeding…Read more on Interannual variation in condition of the mackerel icefish
1 July, 1997
We investigated the relationship between surface-foraging prions Pachyptila spp. and their zooplankton prey by comparing counts of foraging birds with near-surface concentrations of zooplankton from net samples. Zooplankton abundance was…1 July, 1997
Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous rocks of the Byers Group, exposed on Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, record the expansion of Gondwana-margin continental-arc facies into a marine intra-arc basin. At least 1.3 km…1 July, 1997
Fore-arc magmatic sequences associated with high Mg number andesite lavas unconformably overlie LeMay Group accretionary complex in Alexander Island. High-resolution 40Ar/39Ar, U–Pb zircon, fission track and K–Ar ages demonstrate that…Read more on The age and stratigraphy of fore-arc megmatism on Alexander Island, Antarctica
1 July, 1997
King Penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus which were rearing chicks were studied during three summers from November 1991 to March 1994 at South Georgia. Stomach samples (n=115) collected by flushing had a…Read more on Diet of the King Penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus during three summers at South Georgia
1 July, 1997 by Lloyd Peck
Summer and winter growth rates were assessed separately for a population of the Antarctic brachiopod Liothyrella uva between early January 1992 and December 1993. Annual shell growth rates (1.6–2.3 mm…Read more on Growth and metabolism in the Antarctic brachiopod Liothyrella uva
1 July, 1997
Pliocene–Recent volcanic outcrops at Seal Nunataks and Beethoven Peninsula (Antarctic Peninsula) are remnants of several monogenetic volcanoes formed by eruption of vesiculating basaltic magma into shallow water, in an englacial…12 June, 1997
Growth in Antarctic fishes is assumed to be seasonal but quantitative data are scarce. Growth rates in juvenile Notothenia coriiceps, a typical Antarctic fish, were measured using mark–recapture techniques and…Read more on Seasonal and annual growth rates in the Antarctic fish Notothenia coriiceps Richardson
1 June, 1997
The hypothesis that rates of carbon exchange and recovery following dehydration by Antarctic bryophytes are related to habitat water availability was investigated. Carbon fixation was measured using an infra-red gas…1 June, 1997 by Paul Rodhouse, Philip Trathan
The seven star flying squid Martialia hyadesi is an oceanic slope ommastrephid with a circumpolar distribution associated with the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone (APFZ) and is a minor, variable catch…1 June, 1997
A series of benches on nunataks of Alexander Island (Antarctica) are described. An increase in bench size with distance away from the retreating glacier suggests an age spectrum. The benches…Read more on Observations on “cryoplanation” benches in Antarctica
1 June, 1997 by Richard Horne
We investigate the absorption of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave energy by He+ in the outer magnetosphere and the subsequent perpendicular-heating of He+. Plasma models, based on satellite data, are…1 June, 1997 by Andy Smith
Seismic reflection measurements of ice thickness and water-column thickness have been made over the southern and western Ronne Ice Shelf, from which, the seabed elevation has been determined. A 2300…1 June, 1997
A detailed frequency analysis of the azimuthal bearing of ground-observed whistlers by the modified MFPE method (Lichtenberger et al., 1987) based on two and three component digital recordings is presented.…1 June, 1997
Studies of the otariids (fur seals and sea lions), a highly sexually dimorphic group, have provided conflicting evidence of differential maternal expenditure in male and female offspring and, thus, suggestions…Read more on Maternal investment in Antarctic fur seals: evidence for equality in the sexes?
1 June, 1997 by Gareth Marshall, John Turner
Wind fields derived from ERS-1 scatterometer data, acquired over the open water present in the western Ross Sea during the summer season, are used to study the patterns of mesoscale…1 June, 1997 by Gareth Marshall, John Turner
The effectiveness of ERS 1 scatterometer data as a tool for studying the wind fields of Antarctic mesocyclones is analyzed by using 1 year's observations of these systems derived from…Read more on Surface wind fields of Antarctic mesocyclones derived from ERS 1 scatterometer data
1 June, 1997
Airborne fungal spores were monitored over periods of up to 131/2 months at three sites on Signy Island in the maritime Antarctic. Fungal spore concentrations in the air were much…Read more on Seasonality in Antarctic airborne fungal spores
1 June, 1997
Late Cretaceous–early Tertiary subduction-related fore-arc volcanic rocks are exposed in a north–south linear belt along the length of Alexander Island. The age and tectonic setting of these rocks is well…1 June, 1997 by Michael Pinnock
We utilise high-time resolution measurements from the PACE HF radar at Halley, Antarctica to explore the evolution of the ionospheric response during the first few minutes after enhanced reconnection occurs…Read more on The ionospheric response to flux transfer events: the first few minutes
1 June, 1997 by Howard Roscoe
Summertime measurements Of NO2 vertical column amounts over a 5 year period from May 1990 until February 1995 from Faraday Base, Antarctica, show a marked reduction following the arrival of…1 June, 1997 by John Turner, Steve Colwell
Observations of precipitation events at Faraday and Rothera Stations are analyzed to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of precipitation along the western coastal (Pacific) side of the Antarctic Peninsula.…1 June, 1997
Human contamination of Antarctic environments is a sensitive issue and has been the focus of many research articles over the past 35 years. The majority of these studies have targeted…Read more on Detection of human commensals in the area around an Antarctic research station
1 June, 1997
The application of kites as a platform for meteorological measurement within the boundary layer is examined. Kites are shown to fulfil a useful role within this research area, particularly when…Read more on The use of kites to investigate boundary layer meteorology
1 June, 1997
Subduction-related Mesozoic to Cainozoic granites s.l. in western Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula, have similar chemical compositions to Archean tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) suites, Phanerozoic slab-melts (adakites), and to experimental partial melts of…Read more on The generation of sodic granite magmas, western Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula
1 June, 1997 by Mark Preston
Modern instruments and techniques used to collect nutrient data at sea may amass huge data sets from discrete samples and continuously monitored sample streams. The volume and format of data…1 June, 1997 by Andrew Clarke
Haemolymph samples were withdrawn from routinely active male intermoult Glyptonotus held at 0 ± 0.5°C, and analysed for blood-gas and acid-base variables. In both the arterialised (a) and venous (v) haemolymph, over…Read more on Haemolymph oxygen transport and acid-base status in Glyptonotus antarcticus Eights
1 May, 1997 by David Barnes, Lloyd Peck
Thirty-five specimens of the articulate brachiopod Neorhynchia strebeli were collected from a site at 814 m in the Weddell Sea. This was only the second species of the order Rhynchonellida…Read more on An Antarctic shelf population of the deep-sea, Pacific brachiopod Neorhynchia strebeli
1 May, 1997 by Peter Convey
Christensenia gen. nov., C. blocki sp. nov., is described from Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, maritime Antarctic. The new species is identical with specimens that Stephenson (1932) determined as Marionina…Read more on Christensenia , a new terrestrial enchytraeid genus from Antarctica
1 May, 1997
An explanation is sought for the marked variation in maximum sea ice extent observed between 2 years in the 2 areas of greatest interannual variability in winter ice extent in…1 May, 1997
Ground-based observations of Pc1 geomagnetic pulsations propagating in the ionosphere over Halley (76 °S, 27 °W, L ~ 4.2), Antarctica, have been made. The direction of propagation of the Pc1…Read more on Dynasonde observations of Pc1 propagation in the ionosphere
1 May, 1997
Magnetic, gravity and bathymetric data from Marguerite Bay are used to study the relationships between oceanic and continental tectonic evolution in the arc and fore-arc of the Antarctic Peninsula. The…1 May, 1997 by Howard Roscoe
Measurements of trace gases and photolysis rates in the troposphere are essential for understanding photochemical smog and global environmental change. Chemical measurement techniques have progressed enormously since the first regular…1 May, 1997 by David Barnes
Identity, quantity and seasonal variation in recruiting invertebrate larvae were investigated at Signy Island, Antarctica. Nine settlement panels were deployed at each of three sites at depths ranging between five…1 May, 1997 by Eugene Murphy, Philip Trathan
The Polar Front (PF) forms the southern boundary to the Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ) along the northern edge of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). In a number of areas the…1 April, 1997 by Alistair Crame
The last inoceramid bivalves in Antarctica are no younger than mid- to late Campanian in age. They occur within the Herbert Sound and Rabot Point members of the Santa Marta…1 April, 1997
The interaction between a large-scale isolated wave and turbulence is considered in the context of the stable atmospheric boundary layer. A two-dimensional model with a second-moment turbulence closure is used…1 April, 1997
Turbulence measurements of the stable atmospheric boundary layer made at Halley station in Antarctica are presented. the interaction between small-scale turbulence and larger solitary wave disturbances is investigated. Spectral methods…