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The life history of the diving beetle, Lancetes angusticollis (Curtis) (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), on sub-Antarctic South Georgia
1 January, 1998 by Peter Convey, Rod Arnold
Two populations of the world's most southerly diving beetle (Lancetes angusticollis) were studied on sub-Antarctic South Georgia between November 1995 and April 1996. Parallel observations were made on laboratory cultures…An assessment of CCAMLR measures employed to mitigate seabird mortality in longlining operations for Dissostichus eleginoides around South Georgia
1 January, 1998
Longlining operations for Dissostichus eleginoides off South Georgia were assessed for interactions with seabirds and the effectiveness of measures employed by CCAMLR to mitigate seabird mortality. Following an agreement between…Life cycle strategies of epipelagic copepods in the Southern Ocean
1 January, 1998
Twelve epipelagic copepod species were reviewed to compare their adaptations to the short primary production season and low temperatures which characterise the Southern Ocean. The species show a spectrum of…Read more on Life cycle strategies of epipelagic copepods in the Southern Ocean
The coherence scale length of band-limited Pc3 pulsations in the ionosphere
1 January, 1998
Band-limited Pc-3 pulsations were observed on one day with pulsation magnetometers, photometers and in VLF activity at South Pole and simultaneously, electric field pulsations were observed in the ionospheric cusp…Read more on The coherence scale length of band-limited Pc3 pulsations in the ionosphere
Modelling studies of the effects of cusp inputs on the polar ionosphere
1 January, 1998
A new numerical model of the high latitude ionosphere is used in conjunction with data from the EISCAT radar facility to study the formation and structure of polar patches. Inputs…Read more on Modelling studies of the effects of cusp inputs on the polar ionosphere
Ice sheet history from Antarctic continental margin Sediments: the ANTOSTRAT approach
1 January, 1998
The Antarctic Ice Sheet is today an important part of the global climate engine, and probably has been so for most of its long existence. However, the details of its…Read more on Ice sheet history from Antarctic continental margin Sediments: the ANTOSTRAT approach
Antarctic glacial history and sea-level change – Leg 178 samples Antarctic Peninsula margin sediments
1 January, 1998
The Antarctic Ice Sheet is a key feature of the global climate engine today, and has been so for most of its 35 Myr or longer history. It influences global…Coordinated effort in progress to decipher cenozoic ice sheet evolution
1 January, 1998
The Antarctic cryosphere has had a major effect on Cenozoic global climates, sea levels, oceanography, and Southern Hemisphere biota. Yet the climatic history of Antarctica and its contribution to global…Read more on Coordinated effort in progress to decipher cenozoic ice sheet evolution
Seasonality of polypide recycling and sexual reproduction in some erect Antarctic bryozoans
1 January, 1998 by Andrew Clarke, David Barnes
The seasonality of polypide cycling has been investigated for three species of erect bryozoans from Antarctica: Isoseculiflustra rubefacta (Kluge, 1914), Nematoflustra flagellata (Waters, 1904) and Himantozoum antarcticum (Calvet, 1905). Approximately…The ecology of an assemblage dominant: the encrusting bryozoan Fenestrulina rugula
1 January, 1998 by Andrew Clarke, David Barnes
The cheilostome bryozoan Fenestrulina rugula is a major component of the encrusting fauna of physically disturbed shallow water habitats in Antarctica. On rocks collected from Rothera Point, Adelaide Island, F.…Read more on The ecology of an assemblage dominant: the encrusting bryozoan Fenestrulina rugula
New seismic data support Cenozoic rifting in George VI Sound, Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 1998 by Ed King
New multifold seismic‐reflection and wide‐angle reflection/refraction data across George VI Sound, Antarctic Peninsula, show the presence of graben and horst structures indicating an extensional origin. The data suggest that rocks…Read more on New seismic data support Cenozoic rifting in George VI Sound, Antarctic Peninsula
Cold tolerance of a New Zealand alpine cockroach, Celatoblatta quinquemaculata (Dictyoptera, Blattidae)
1 January, 1998 by William Block
Ecophysiological features, including survival and recovery from freezing and determination of the freezable water content, are reported for a cold-adapted cockroach Celatoblatta quinquemaculata Johns 1966 (Dictyoptera, Blattidae) inhabiting alpine communities…Respiratory responses to chilling and freezing in two sub-Antarctic insects
1 January, 1998 by Roger Worland, William Block
The effects of chilling (to temperatures above the supercooling point, SCP) and freezing on respiration of adults and larvae of two coleopterans living on sub-Antarctic South Georgia (54°S, 37°W),Hydromedion sparsutumandPerimylops…Read more on Respiratory responses to chilling and freezing in two sub-Antarctic insects
A phylogenetic study of the squid family Onychoteuthidae (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida)
1 January, 1998 by Paul Rodhouse
The oegopsid squid family Onychoteuthidae presently comprises six genera (Moroteuthis, Onychoteuthis, Ancistroteuthis, Kondakovia, Onykia and Chaunoteuthis) but the status of some of these is still uncertain. An interdisciplinary study was…Read more on A phylogenetic study of the squid family Onychoteuthidae (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida)
Time and energy constraints in pinniped lactation
1 January, 1998
Previous reviews have recognized patterns of lactation in pinnipeds divided along phylogenetic lines. This study extended previous models of lactation in pinnipeds by explicitly taking into account all the energetic…Read more on Time and energy constraints in pinniped lactation
Circumstantial evidence for the presence of monk seals in the West Indies
1 January, 1998
Based on interviews with 93 fishermen in northern Haiti and Jamaica during 1997 an assessment was made of the likelihood that monk seals survive in this region of the West…Read more on Circumstantial evidence for the presence of monk seals in the West Indies
Dispersal of male and female Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella)
1 January, 1998
This study examined the foraging locations of adult male and female Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) in the Scotia Sea during the postbreeding period. Satellite transmitters were used to track…Read more on Dispersal of male and female Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella)
Variations in echosounder calibration with temperature, and some possible implications for acoustic surveys of krill biomass
1 January, 1998 by Jonathan Watkins
Accurate estimation of krill biomass by acoustic techniques is dependent on a number of factors of which one of the most fundamental is accurate echosounder calibration. The Simrad EK500 scientific…Acoustic discrimination of Southern Ocean zooplankton
1 January, 1998 by Jonathan Watkins, Peter Ward
Acoustic surveys in the vicinity of the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia during a period of exceptionally calm weather revealed the existence of a number of horizontally extensive yet vertically…Read more on Acoustic discrimination of Southern Ocean zooplankton
An assessment of the utility of an acoustic Doppler current profiler for biomass estimation
1 January, 1998 by Jonathan Watkins
Acoustic Dopplerd current profilers (ADCPs) are being used increasingly to derive estimates of zooplankton and micronekton abundance. The absence of a practical means for users to perform ADCP calibration, however,…Cephalopod and groundfish landings: evidence for ecological change in global fisheries?
1 January, 1998 by Paul Rodhouse
Cephalopod fisheries are among the few still with some local potential for expansion; in fact, as groundfish landings have declined globally, cephalopod landings have increased. We propose the hypothesis that,…Read more on Cephalopod and groundfish landings: evidence for ecological change in global fisheries?
Early Cretaceous fern foliage from President Head, Snow Island, Antarctica
1 January, 1998
Fertile fern foliage described as Lophosoria cupulatus sp. nov. contains the distinctive spore Cyatheacidites annulatus. The fossil foliage is morphologically similar to the Early Cretaceous form-genera Gleichenites and Microphyllopteris, whose…Read more on Early Cretaceous fern foliage from President Head, Snow Island, Antarctica
A simple avalanche model as an analogue for magnetospheric activity
1 January, 1998
The power law dependence of the power spectrum of auroral indices, and in-situ magnetic field observations in the earth's geotail, may be evidence that the coupled solar wind-magnetospheric system exhibits…Read more on A simple avalanche model as an analogue for magnetospheric activity
Increased magnetic storm activity from 1868 to 1995
1 January, 1998 by Mark Clilverd
The aa index provides the longest continuous data set which can be used in the analysis of magnetospheric and ionospheric phenomenology. All phases of the solar cycle show increases in…Read more on Increased magnetic storm activity from 1868 to 1995
factors affecting primary molt in the gray-headed albatross
1 January, 1998
The mean number of primaries molted by Gray-headed Albatrosses (Diomedea chrysostoma) varied with year and previous breeding experience independently, but was not related to individual reproductive success over a longer…Read more on factors affecting primary molt in the gray-headed albatross
Comparison of warming trends over the last century around Antarctica from three coupled models
1 January, 1998
We compare observed temperature variations in Antarctica with climate-model runs over the last century. The models used are three coupled global climate models (GCMs) — the UKMO, the CSIRO and…Latitudinal variation in allocation to reproduction by the Antarctic oribatid mite, Alaskozetes antarcticus
1 January, 1998 by Peter Convey
The oribatid mite Alaskozetes antarcticus is found over a wide range of southern latitudes, between the cool temperate Falkland Islands (51–52°S) and Alexander Island (71–72°S). It is one of the…Evidence for shallowing and uplift from bathymetric records of Deception Island, Antarctica
1 January, 1998
Deception Island is a large volcanic centre in Bransfield Strait, a very young marginal basin between the South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula. It has a historical record of volcanic…Changes in lipid composition of copepods and Euphausia superba associated with diet and environmental conditions in the marginal ice zone, Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica
1 January, 1998
The effect of varying diet and environmental conditions at the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) on the fatty acid and hydrocarbon compositions of five species of copepod and krill, Euphausia superba,…Seasonal variation in the biochemical composition of particulate material collected by sediment traps at Signy Island, Antarctica
1 January, 1998 by Andrew Clarke
Particulate material recovered over an 18-month period from sediment traps deployed at a shallow-water nearshore Antarctic site was analysed for photosynthetic pigments, aliphatic hydrocarbons and fatty acids. All components showed…Tectonics and sedimentary environment of the North Scotia Ridge region revealed by side-scan sonar
1 January, 1998
The North Scotia Ridge is a series of islands and submarine ridges extending 2000 km from Tierra del Fuego to South Georgia in the western South Atlantic. The ridge forms…Development of kinematic partitioning within a pure-shear dominated dextral transpression zone: the southern Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica
1 January, 1998
The Heritage Range of the southern Ellsworth Mountains, West Antarctica, is composed of Cambrian to Permian sedimentary and volcanic rocks, which were deformed during the Permo-Triassic Gondwanian orogeny. The structural…Late Palaeozoic to Mesozoic structural evolution of the Falkland Islands: a displaced segment of the Cape Fold Belt
1 January, 1998
The Falkland Islands lie on a displaced crustal block presently forming part of the South American plate. The islands possess two roughly orthogonal structural grains, the relative chronology of which…Intertidal colonization rates. A matched latitude, north v. south, remote v. near shore island experiment
1 January, 1998
Colonization of artificial substrata was monitored on sheltered rocky shores at Husvik, South Georgia (54° 11′S; 36° 40′W) and Cumbrae, Scotland (55° 46′N; 4° 55′W) from mid summer to early…Note on the trophic relationships of the stauromedusa Haliclystus antarcticus from subantarctic South Georgia
1 January, 1998
Stauromedusae are cnidarians that have attracted relatively little ecological study, especially in the southern hemisphere. They are Scyphozoa that develop directly from the scyphistoma, and each consists of a calyx…Pétrologie et géochimie des basaltes de Murta : une éruption sous-glaciaire dans les Andes patagoniennes (46° lat. S.), Chili. Relation avec la subduction de la ride du Chili
1 January, 1998
The Holocene Murta basalts represent a small volume monogenetic centre located in the northern Patagonian Andes at the latitude of the Chile Triple Junction. These basalts show morphological evidence of…Antarctic Peninsular cryosphere: Early Oligocene (c. 30 Ma) initiation and a revised glacial chronology
1 January, 1998
Strontium isotope stratigraphy provides a chronology for Cenozoic cryogenic strata in the northern Antarctic Peninsula and allows an assessment of diachronism in onset of glacial conditions between East and West…Late Cretaceous–Cenozoic climatic variations of the northern Antarctic Peninsula: new geochemical evidence and review
1 January, 1998
Aptian to Pliocene time-series of X-ray fluorescence data from the Antarctic Peninsula are used to assess the degree of chemical weathering and maturity of sediments deposited prior, and subsequent to…High latitude Eocene climate deterioration: evidence from the northern Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 1998
Clay mineral, sedimentological and geochemical data show that the northern Antarctic Peninsula (Seymour Island, La Meseta Formation) experienced a climatic deterioration from very warm, non-seasonally wet conditions at the end…Breakup and conditions for stability of the northern Larsen Ice Shelf, Antarctica
1 January, 1998
The breakup of ice shelves has been widely regarded as an indicator of climate change1, with observations around the Antarctic Peninsula having shown a pattern of gradual retreat, associated with…Read more on Breakup and conditions for stability of the northern Larsen Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Deformation history of a Mesozoic forearc basin sequence on Alexander Island, Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 1998
The Mesozoic Fossil Bluff Group of Alexander Island contains trench-slope and forearc basin deposits that formed during the eastward subduction of oceanic crust beneath the Antarctic Peninsula region. The oldest…The nightside ionospheric response to IMF by changes
1 January, 1998 by Mervyn Freeman
A sharp latitudinal gradient in the Doppler spectral width is often observed in the nightside data from the SuperDARN HF radars. We use an excellent conjunction between the Halley HF…Read more on The nightside ionospheric response to IMF by changes
Automated observatories for geospace research in polar regions
1 January, 1998
The specification, development and deployment of an automated observatory designed to operate unattended for a year in the extreme climatic conditions of the polar regions is presented. Solar- and wind-powered…Read more on Automated observatories for geospace research in polar regions
A comparison of adaptive radiations of Antarctic fish with those of nonAntarctic fish
1 January, 1998 by Andrew Clarke
Antarctic biologists frequently emphasize the differences between the modern Antarctic environment and its fauna, and aquatic habitats and faunas elsewhere in the world. While it is valid to portray Antarctica…Read more on A comparison of adaptive radiations of Antarctic fish with those of nonAntarctic fish
Comparative FT-Raman spectroscopy of Xanthoria lichen-substratum systems from temperate and antarctic habitats
1 January, 1998
Lichens have a primary role in the biodeterioration of rock substrata and in soil formation. In extreme Antarctic rock-face habitats, their exposed epilithic growth form makes them vulnerable to environmental…Natural mortality rate in the mackerel icefish (Champscephalus gunnari) around South Georgia
1 January, 1998
Information on natural mortality rates of the mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) from the period prior to known large-scale commercial harvesting is discussed. After careful consideration of the data and available…Geoeffectiveness of three Wind magnetic clouds: A comparative study
1 January, 1998 by Mervyn Freeman
We compare the large-scale goemagnetic response to the three magnetic clouds observed by Wind in October 1995 (OCT95), May 1996 (MAY96), and January 1997 (JAN97), studying specifically storm and substorm…Read more on Geoeffectiveness of three Wind magnetic clouds: A comparative study
Form and extent of the Dufek intrusion, Antarctica, from newly compiled aeromagnetic data
1 January, 1998
The Dufek intrusion, in the northern part of the Pensacola Mountains, Antarctica, is part of an extensive, Middle Jurassic igneous province that was related to, and emplaced just prior to…Sequence stratigraphic analysis of the CRP-1, Cape Roberts Project, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica
1 January, 1998
Vertical facies associations within the CRP- 1 drillcorc reveal a strong cyclicity and facilitate the development of a sequence stratigraphic framework. The sedimentary record appears to be punctuated by a…Climate-change indicators from Archival aerial photography of the Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 1998 by Adrian Fox
Aerial photography has been used as a mapping tool in the Antarctic Peninsula region since the late 1920s. Following pioneering work by Wilkins in 1928, Ellsworth in 1934 and the…Read more on Climate-change indicators from Archival aerial photography of the Antarctic Peninsula
Magnetopause motions in a Newton-Busemann approach
1 January, 1998 by Mervyn Freeman
The buffetting of the magnetosphere by the solar wind is the cause of many phenomena in the magnetosphere and the ionosphere, and affects the way in which we observe many…Read more on Magnetopause motions in a Newton-Busemann approach
Synthetic aperture radar interferometry over Rutford Ice Stream and Carlson Inlet, Antarctica
1 January, 1998
We describe the calibration and interpretation of interferograms generated from ERS-I synthetic aperture radar Single Look Complex (SAR. SLC) images of the Rutford Ice Stream area. Ground surveys provide over…Snowmelt modelling on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands
1 January, 1998
The ability of the Utah energy-balance and snowmelt model (UEB) to simulate decline in snow water equivalent (SWE) at an extreme location was assessed. Field data were collected at Paternoster…Read more on Snowmelt modelling on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands
A sediment record of cyclic bottom-current variability from the northwest Weddell Sea
1 January, 1998
Cores and 3.5 kHz, sub-bottom profiles collected from the continental slope and rise near 64°S, 52°W, off the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, reveal transport and depositional processes in a…Read more on A sediment record of cyclic bottom-current variability from the northwest Weddell Sea
Fishery biology of the seven star flying squid Martialia hyadesi at South Georgia during winter
1 January, 1998 by Paul Rodhouse
A scientific research fishing expedition targeting the oceanic/slope ommastrephid squid Martialia hyadesi was undertaken by a Korean-registered squid jigger in CCAMLR area 48.3, near South Georgia, in June 1996, providing…Attribtuion of acoustic echoes to squid in the south Atlantic
1 January, 1998 by Jonathan Watkins, Paul Rodhouse
During a research cruise of the British Antarctic Survey ship RRS James Clark Ross in February 1996, more than 2 000 individuals of the ommastrephid squid, Martialia hyadesi, were caught…Read more on Attribtuion of acoustic echoes to squid in the south Atlantic
The stratigraphy and geochronology of Adelaide Island
1 January, 1998
The Mesozoic-Cenozoic volcanic arc of the Antarctic Peninsula is represented on Adelaide Island by a sedimentary and volcanic succession intruded by plutons. 40Ar-39 Ar step-heating age spectra have been obtained…Read more on The stratigraphy and geochronology of Adelaide Island
Illex argentinus
1 January, 1998 by Paul Rodhouse
The Argentinean short-finned squid, Illex argentinus, is distributed along the shelf and slope in the western South Atlantic from 22° to 54°S. Since 1977 catches by a local and an…Causes of seasonal and daily variations in aerosol sea-salt concentrations at a coastal Antarctic station
1 January, 1998 by Eric Wolff
Two years worth of daily aerosol data has been collected from Halley station, Antarctica, between February 1991 and February 1993. The seasonal cycle of sea-salt aerosol was found to peak…Rock temperatures and implications for cold region weathering. II: New data from Rothera, Adelaide Island, Antarctica
1 January, 1998
Rock temperature data collected at one-minute intervals from both the horizontal surface and the four cardinal directions of a rock outcrop show the influence of record interval and aspect on…An intercomparison of Antarctic sea ice extent datasets from the US Joint Ice Center (JIC) and satellite passive microwave observations for 1979–88
1 January, 1998
US Joint Ice Center (JIC) Antarctic sea ice extent data, the longest continuous series of its kind for this part of the world, are compared with direct passive microwave-based estimates…The Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Byers Group, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica: revised stratigraphy and regional correlations
1 January, 1998
The Byers Group, exposed in the western South Shetland Islands, is a thick (at least 2.7 km) succession recording Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous sedimentation and volcanism on the Pacific flank of…Table Nunatak: a key outcrop of Upper Cretaceous shallow-marine strata in the southern Larsen Basin, Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 1998
The northern, James Ross Island region of the Larsen Basin, on the eastern, back-arc margin of the Antarctic Peninsula magmatic arc, includes one of the thickest and most complete Upper…Sublimation of ice through sediment in Beacon Valley, Antarctica
1 January, 1998 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
The time-dependent physics of ice sublimation through thin layers of till is considered, to determine whether sublimation could be sufficiently slow to permit the preservation of ice for 8 Ma…Read more on Sublimation of ice through sediment in Beacon Valley, Antarctica
Palaeolimnology of Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella populations and implications for Antarctic management
1 January, 1998 by Dominic Hodgson, Nadine Johnston
A recent rapid increase in the number of Antarctic fur seals on Signy Island has caused extensive changes to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. A palaeolimnological study was carried out to…Tephra analysis of sediments from Midge Lake (South Shetland Islands) and Sombre Lake (South Orkney Islands), Antarctica
1 January, 1998 by Dominic Hodgson
Lake sediment cores from Midge Lake, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands and Sombre Lake, Signy Island, South Orkney Islands were analysed for volcanic tephra using light microscopy and magnetic susceptibility.…Global change and Arctic ecosystems: conclusions and predictions from experiments with terrestrial invertebrates on Spitsbergen
1 January, 1998 by William Block
Extensive studies on invertebrates from Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen, Svalbard and more limited data on aphids from Abisko, Sweden, produced the following main conclusions: (1) The population response to raised summer temperatures…Krill transport in the Scotia Sea and environs
1 January, 1998 by Eugene Murphy
Historical observations of the large-scale flow and frontal structure of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the Scotia Sea region were combined with the wind-induced surface Ekman transport to produce a…Potential waves for relativistic electron scattering and stochastic acceleration during magnetic storms
1 January, 1998 by Richard Horne
The possibility of electron stochastic energization to relativisitic energies (≥ 1 MeV) via resonant wave-particle interactions during a magnetic storm is explored. The minimum electron energy Emin for cyclotron resonant…