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A method for rescaling humidity sensors at temperatures well below freezing
1 January, 1994
A method for extending the calibrated temperature rang of a solid-state capacitive humidity sensor is presented. This technique is applicable to relative humidity instruments that are based around solid-state sensors.Read more on A method for rescaling humidity sensors at temperatures well below freezing
Offspring sex ratio in relation to female size in southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina
1 January, 1994
Southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina display extreme sexual dimorphism. In addition females show great variation in size and stored resources at parturition. Therefore they present an excellent opportunity for examination…Seabird interactions with longlining operations for Dissostichus eleginoides at the South Sandwich Islands and South Georgia
1 January, 1994
During seven days of operations involving the setting and hauling of longlines to catch the toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides around the South Sandwich Islands, actual and potential interactions with seabirds were…Diets and feeding selectivity among the epipelagic copepod community near South Georgia in summer
1 January, 1994
During the austral midsummers of 1989/1990 and 1990/1991, seven grazing experiments were undertaken near South Georgia. The copepods spanned 3 orders of magnitude in body mass, from young copepodids of…A case study of storm commencement and recovery plasmaspheric electric fields near L=2.5 at equinox
1 January, 1994 by Mark Clilverd
Data from the VLF Doppler experiment at Faraday, Antarctica (65○ S, 64○ W) are used to study the penetration of the high-latitude convection electric field to lower latitudes during severely…The effect of disturbed-time electric fields on the inner plasmasphere
1 January, 1994
Results from a mathematical model provide a description of the mid-latitude, low L-shell ionosphere and plasmasphere. Variations in the composition and dynamics of the plasmasphere and changes in the nature…Read more on The effect of disturbed-time electric fields on the inner plasmasphere
The atmospheric correction for satellite infrared radiometer data in polar regions
1 January, 1994
Mie scattering models suggest that the thermal infrared emissivity of snow is relatively insensitive to variations in its properties and is dependent, primarily, on viewing angle. This gives rise to…Read more on The atmospheric correction for satellite infrared radiometer data in polar regions
Seasonal variation in the feeding activity of four species of Antarctic bryozoan in relation to environmental factors
1 January, 1994 by Andrew Clarke, David Barnes
Many areas of the Antarctic continental shelf support rich communities of benthic suspension feeders, of which Bryozoa are frequently an important component. These communities inhabit an environment characterised by a…Angular unconformity between the López de Bertodano and La Meseta formations (Campanian-Maastrichtian and Eocene), Cockburn Island, northern Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 1994
A thick, largely shallow marine succession of Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary strata, deposited in the James Ross Basin, is well exposed on an archipelago of islands at the northern end…Two new species ofHalacarellus(Halacaridae: Acari) from South Georgia
1 January, 1994
Two new mite species, Halacarellus porellus n.sp. and H. novellus n.sp., are described. Both species were collected from the littoral zone in a sheltered bay on the northeast coast of…Read more on Two new species ofHalacarellus(Halacaridae: Acari) from South Georgia
The use of heart rate to estimate oxygen consumption of free-ranging black-browed albatrosses Diomedea melanophrys
1 January, 1994
Heart rates (fh) and rates of oxygen consumption (V(dot)O2) were measured in eight black-browed albatrosses (Diomedea melanophrys) when walking on a treadmill, with the aim of using fh to predict…Thermal adaptation in the Arctic collembolan Onychiurus arcticus (Tullberg)
1 January, 1994 by Roger Worland, William Block
Ecophysiological characteristics, including survival at high and low temperatures, locomotory activity at sub-zero temperatures, supercooling ability and oxygen consumption rates, were investigated for the Arctic springtail Onychiurus arcticus (Tullberg) (Collembola,…Read more on Thermal adaptation in the Arctic collembolan Onychiurus arcticus (Tullberg)
Terrestrial ecosystems: Antarctica
1 January, 1994 by William Block
Scientific reasons for the study of terrestrial ecosystems in the Antarctic are outlined together with brief descriptions of the maritime and continental zones. Opportunities for ecological research are highlighted in…Foraging behaviour of Antarctic fur seals during periods of contrasting prey abundance
1 January, 1994
1. Foraging behaviour of Antarctic fur seals rearing pups at Bird Island, South Georgia, was assessed using at-sea activity patterns measured by electronic time-depth recorders. Information was obtained for a…Read more on Foraging behaviour of Antarctic fur seals during periods of contrasting prey abundance
Effects of feeding and starvation on the metabolic rate of the necrophagous Antarctic amphipod Waldeckia obesa (Chevreux, 1905)
1 January, 1994 by Andrew Clarke, Lloyd Peck
The marked seasonality of high latitude marine ecosystems means that the relationship between nutrition and metabolism is of particular interest, for many polar organisms must survive long periods without food.…Biochemical composition in relation to the energetics of growth and sexual maturation in the ommastrephid squid Illex argentinus
1 January, 1994 by Andrew Clarke, Paul Rodhouse
The proximate (protein, lipid, carbohydrate and ash) and elemental (C, H, N and P) composition of the major tissues were measured for 18 male and 51 female Illex argentinus sampled…Nitrogen excretion in the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna (Strebel, 1908)
1 January, 1994 by Andrew Clarke
Excretion of ammonia, urea and primary amines (assayed as fluorescamine-positive substances, FPS) was measured in the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna. The mean contributions to overall excretion rate were 89% ammonia,…Read more on Nitrogen excretion in the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna (Strebel, 1908)
Diet of the squid Loligo forbesi Steenstrup (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) in Irish waters
1 January, 1994 by Paul Rodhouse
Stomach contents of Loligo forbesi obtained from commercial landings and research cruises in Irish waters and the Irish Sea were examined. A total of 62.3% of stomachs were empty. Fish…Read more on Diet of the squid Loligo forbesi Steenstrup (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) in Irish waters
The Antarctic climate of the UKMO Unified Model
1 January, 1994
We examine some aspects of the performance of the United Kingdom Meteorological Office's new climate model over Antarctica. Pressure and temperature fields are presented as a basic check on the…Read more on The Antarctic climate of the UKMO Unified Model
Growth and survival strategy of the Antarctic mite Alaskozetes antarcticus
1 January, 1994 by Peter Convey
Growth and mortality rates of three juvenile instars and adults of the oribatid mite Alaskozetes antarcticus were measured over a twelve month period using field enclosures m Its maritime Antarctic…Read more on Growth and survival strategy of the Antarctic mite Alaskozetes antarcticus
Modelling reproductive effort in sub-and maritime Antarctic mosses
1 January, 1994 by Peter Convey
A comparison is made of the reproductive effort (RE), considered as the investment in sporophyte relative to gametophyte biomass, of eight species of moss occurring at sub-and maritime Antarctic sites.…Read more on Modelling reproductive effort in sub-and maritime Antarctic mosses
Photosynthesis and dark respiration in Antarctic mosses?an initial comparative study
1 January, 1994 by Peter Convey
Rates of dark respiration (DR), gross photosynthesis (GPS) and net photosynthesis (NPS) were investigated for 14 species of moss from a maritime Antarctic locality. The rates found were similar to…Read more on Photosynthesis and dark respiration in Antarctic mosses?an initial comparative study
A simple shape-from-shading algorithm applied to images of ice-covered terrain
1 January, 1994
Snow surfaces in the polar regions have uniform reflecting properties over large areas. Slopes are usually low-in Antarctica, they rarely exceed 2/spl deg/ except in mountainous regions. Such low slopes…Read more on A simple shape-from-shading algorithm applied to images of ice-covered terrain
Mean thermospheric winds observed from Halley, Antarctica
1 January, 1994
Thermospheric winds on a total of 237 nights have been studied for the effects due to geomagnetic activity, solar flux, and season. The observations have been made from 1988 to…Read more on Mean thermospheric winds observed from Halley, Antarctica
Hydrocarbons in the Antarctic marine environment: monitoring and background
1 January, 1994
The Antarctic marine ecosystem is proposed as an environment in which to monitor global hydrocarbon background levels. Hydrocarbon concentrations are probably uniform throughout the Southern Ocean and it is difficult…Read more on Hydrocarbons in the Antarctic marine environment: monitoring and background
Dead or alive, night or day: how do albatrosses catch squid?
1 January, 1994
For many albatross species squid are important prey. Whether albatrosses depend on scavenging (e.g. of vomit from cetaceans, post-spawning die-offs or fishery waste) or on live-capture of squid (e.g. via…Read more on Dead or alive, night or day: how do albatrosses catch squid?
Taxonomic studies of Achnanthes(Bacillariophyta) in freshwater maritime antarctic lakes
1 January, 1994
Eleven species of Achnanthes from Signy Island, South Orkney Islands are described including one new species. Benthic algal material from a range of shallow lakes of varying trophic status was…Read more on Taxonomic studies of Achnanthes(Bacillariophyta) in freshwater maritime antarctic lakes
Hexapodibius boothi sp. n., a new species of semi-terrestrial tardigrade from the Maritime Antarctic
1 January, 1994 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
Hexapodibius boothi sp.n., a new species of semi-terrestrial tardigrade from fellfield mineral soil material at the Dundee Island (in the Maritime Antarctic) is described.Timescale of ovarian maturation in Notothenia coriiceps; evidence for a prolonged adolescent phase
1 January, 1994
Ovarian maturation in Notothenia coriiceps is known to include a period during which yolk deposition begins to take place. This ‘adolescent’ phase was thought originally to last for about 1…Rapid population increases in native vascular plants in the Argentine Islands, Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 1994
The number of individual plants and colonies of the two native Antarctic vascular plants, Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica, have been monitored between 1964 and 1990 on three islands in…EISCAT observations of unusual flows in the morning sector associated with weak substorm activity
1 January, 1994 by Mervyn Freeman, Michael Pinnock
A discussion is given of plasma flows in the dawn and nightside high-latitude ionospheric regions during substorms occurring on a contracted auroral oval, as observed using the EISCAT CP-4-A experiment.…Distribution and abundance of juvenile Loligo gahi in Falkland Island waters
1 January, 1994 by Paul Rodhouse
Four research surveys of Falkland Island waters were carried out to determine the distribution and abundance of the early life-history stages of Loligo gahi (d'Orbigny, 1835) in the austral winter…Read more on Distribution and abundance of juvenile Loligo gahi in Falkland Island waters
Feeding studies on Onychiurus arcticus (Tullberg) (Collembola: Onychiuridae) on West Spitsbergen
1 January, 1994 by William Block
The feeding biology of the arctic collembolan Onychiurus arcticus (Tullberg) is described from West Spitsbergen, based on a combination of gut content analyses for field collected and microcosm-living animals, together…Metamorphosed fragments of oceanic crust in the upper Paleozoic Chonos accretionary complex, southern Chile
1 January, 1994
A 15 km2 body of metabasite with occasional pillow structures occurs within the Paleozoic accretionary complex in Isla Italia and Isla Dring. Trace elements and REE geochemistry indicate similarities between…Simulated climate change: a field manipulation study of polar microarthropod community response to global warming
1 January, 1994
Passive cloches were deployed at three altitudinally distinct sites on Signy Island, maritime Antarctica, to investigate the effect of ameliorated thermal environment upon fellfield microarthropod communities Temperature was monitored at…The annual cycle of planktonic ciliates in nearshore waters at Signy Island, Antarctica
1 January, 1994 by Andrew Clarke
The abundance and biomass of marine planktonic ciliates in Borge Bay, Signy Island, were determined at monthly intervals between April 1990 and June 1991. At least 24 different ciliate taxa…Read more on The annual cycle of planktonic ciliates in nearshore waters at Signy Island, Antarctica
Zoogeographic distribution of terrestrial/freshwater tardigrades from current literature
1 January, 1994 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
The literature on terrestrial and freshwater Tardigrada is relatively limited, being concerned with 617 species world wide. Many of the references are in obscure publications. This paper attempts to bring…Valley asymmetry on south-eastern Alexander Island, Antarctica, and valley forms in the High Drakensberg, South Africa
1 January, 1994
Field data from south-eastern Alexander Island, Antarctica, are used to develop a model for the formation of asymmetrical valley-side slopes. Enhanced weathering and transport causes reduction in the gradient of…Aging immature black-browed and grey-headed albatrosses using moult, bill and plumage characteristics
1 January, 1994
We describe how to age immature Black-browed Diomedea melanophris and Grey-headed Albatrosses D. chrysostoma up to age 6 years (when they have usually acquired adult characteristics), from a combination of…Ice sheet retreat from the Antarctic Peninsula shelf
1 January, 1994 by Robert Larter
Side-scan sonar and sub-bottom acoustic profiler data and sediment cores reveal the processes that controlled sediment transport and deposition on the continental shelf of the Antarctic Peninsula Pacific margin off…Read more on Ice sheet retreat from the Antarctic Peninsula shelf
Supercooling points and water content in Acari
1 January, 1994
Supercooling point is correlated with total body water content in a wide range of terrestrial Acari from Antarctic, sub-Antarctic and temperate regions, which have not been cold-hardened by prior exposure…The Acari of fresh- and brackish water habitats in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions
1 January, 1994
Neither the benthic Halacaroidea nor nektonic Hydrachnidia, characteristic of temperate and tropical freshwater mite faunas are represented among the twenty four species and sub-species of Acari recorded from the Antarctic…The oceanic environment beneath the northwest Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica
1 January, 1994 by Keith Makinson, Keith Nicholls
Oceanographic data have been obtained from beneath the Ronne Ice Shelf at a site on the southeastern side of a sea-floor trough, the Ronne Depression. The data consist of 5…Read more on The oceanic environment beneath the northwest Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Simultaneous two hemisphere observations of the presence of polar patches in the nightside ionosphere
1 January, 1994 by Michael Pinnock
The presence of polar patches as observed simultaneously in the same magnetic meridian of opposite nightside ionospheres by coherent and incoherent scatter radars are described. The patches appear to be…Utility and limits of biomass spectra: the nekton community sampled with the RMT 25 in the Scotia Sea during austral summer
1 January, 1994 by Eugene Murphy, Paul Rodhouse
An RMT 25 opening/closing net was used to sample the nekton community at 2 stations in the ice free zone (IFZ) of the Scotia Sea (Stn 1 approximately 10 nautical…Using stars for remote sensing of the Earth’s stratosphere
1 January, 1994 by Howard Roscoe
A new UV–visible spectrometer system that measures the absorption of light from stars and planets by constituents in the Earth’s atmosphere is described. Because it can be used to make…Read more on Using stars for remote sensing of the Earth’s stratosphere
Validating and improving elevation data of a satellite-image map of Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica, with results from ERS-I
1 January, 1994 by David Vaughan
A satellite-image map with surface-elevation contours of Filchner Ronne Ice Shelf has been published previously as a topographic map. The image map was constructed from a mosaic of 69 Landsat…Sea-bed depths at the mouth of Rutford Ice Stream, Antarctica
1 January, 1994 by Andy Smith
Seismic measurements of ice- and water column thickness have been made on Rudard Ice Stream where it joins the Ronne Ice Shelf. Assuming that the ice is in hydrostatic equilibrium,…Read more on Sea-bed depths at the mouth of Rutford Ice Stream, Antarctica
The Grenville Province within Antarctica: a test of the SWEAT hypothesis
1 January, 1994
Geochronological, isotopic and aeromagnetic data, including a new Rb-Sr isochron of 1076 ± 7 Ma for volcanic rocks at Bertrab Nunatak, Coats Land, confirm the existence of rocks of Grenvillian…Read more on The Grenville Province within Antarctica: a test of the SWEAT hypothesis
The diatom genusprobosciain subarctic waters
1 January, 1994
References Citations Metrics Reprints & Permissions Get access Abstract A study of modern pelagic subarctic Pacific phytoplankton has revealed the presence of three distinct species of Proboscia Sundstrom,…Climate since AD 1510 on Dyer Plateau, Antarctic Peninsula: evidence for recent climate change
1 January, 1994 by Robert Mulvaney
A 480 year record of the oxygen-isotope ratios, dust content, chemical species and net accumulation from ice cores drilled in 1989 90 on Dyer Plateau in the Antarctic Peninsula is…Investigating tidal flexure on an ice shelf using kinematic GPS
1 January, 1994 by David Vaughan
The positions of ice-stream grounding zones are uniquely sensitive to changes in the mass balance of the ice sheet. Present methods for locating groundingzone features are either imprecise or require…Read more on Investigating tidal flexure on an ice shelf using kinematic GPS
Status of the FIBEX acoustic data from the West Atlantic
1 January, 1994 by Philip Trathan
Data from the FIBEX acoustic survey in the West Atlantic sector have been re-examined to check the consistency of krill abundance estimates derived from different survey vessels. There is a…Read more on Status of the FIBEX acoustic data from the West Atlantic