Showing 11205 items
1 May, 1995 by Andrew Clarke, David Barnes
The feeding activity of four benthic suspension-feeding groups (bryozoans, hydroids, polychaetes and holothurians) was monitored in situ every month for a 2-year period at Signy Island in the maritime Antarctic.…Read more on Seasonality of feeding activity in Antarctic suspension feeders
1 April, 1995 by Adrian Jenkins
Large areas of the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf are underlain by layers of marine ice, which form when supercooled seawater circulating beneath the ice shelf freezes. The freezing process initially produces…Read more on Modeling the formation and deposition of frazil ice beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf
1 April, 1995
1. The measurement of energy expenditures in free-ranging animals is essential if we are to understand fully the interaction between a species and its environment. This study examined the validity…1 April, 1995
Antarctic zooplankton have been found to be a potential source of sedimentary hydrocarbons. Monounsaturated C21 n-alkenes and highly branched polyunsaturated C25 n-alkenes were analysed in the aliphatic fraction of the…1 April, 1995 by Adrian Jenkins
The seawater that comes into contact with the base of a floating ice shelf is modified as a result of the phase changes that occur. Melting is prevalent in the…1 April, 1995
An anomalous Upper Jurassic limestone bed, 3 m thick, is present within the volcaniclastic infill of a forearc basin, exposed on Alexander Island, Antarctica. The limestone, formally designated the Gateway…1 April, 1995
1. Passive greenhouse apparatus is commonly used to investigate the in situ biological response of terrestrial communities to global warming. 2. Although close conformity of greenhouse treatment effects to general…1 March, 1995
Sediment cores from three lakes (Moss, Sombre and Heywood) in the maritime Antarctic (Signy Island, South Orkney Islands) have been successfully dated radiometrically by210Pb and137Cs. The core inventories of both…1 March, 1995
Properties of the surface and bottom circulation in the north-west Weddell and south Scotia seas in the region 59–66°S, 36–46°W are examined. The bottom currents have been recorded at different…1 March, 1995
Newly discovered trigonioid bivalves are systematically described from the Late Albian of the Fossil Bluff Group of Alexander Island, Antarctic Peninsula. The fauna includes Nototrigonia (Nototrigonia) ponticula Skwarko, N. (Callitrigonia)…1 March, 1995
Livingston Island contains several, distinctive sedimentary and volcanic sequences, which document the history and evolution of an important part of the South Shetland Islands magmatic arc. The turbiditic, late Palaeozoic–early…1 February, 1995 by Lloyd Peck
Respiration rates in the Antarctic amphipods Waldeckia obesa (Chevreux 1905) and Bovallia gigantea (Pfeffer 1888) were measured in relation to the presence or absence of a substratum to attach to,…1 February, 1995
Satellite Experiments Simultaneous with Antarctic Measurements (SESAME) is one of the four ground-based programmes within the NASA/ISAS Global Geospace Science (GGS) mission, itself part of the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP)…Read more on Satellite Experiments Simultaneous with Antarctic Measurements (SESAME)
1 February, 1995 by Michael Pinnock
The Dual Auroral Radar Network (DARN) is a global-scale network of HF and VHF radars capable of sensing backscatter from ionospheric irregularities in the E and F-regions of the high-latitude…1 February, 1995
A PCR-based method of detecting Haemophilus influenzae in cultures inoculated from throat swabs was evaluated using samples from groups of laboratory staff and medical students and then applied to samples…1 January, 1995 by David Barnes
Photographs were taken every 0.5 m along three transects of 5.5 m length on shallow rock faces at Signy Island, Antarctica, during the austral summer of 1991/1992. The percentage cover…Read more on Sublittoral epifaunal communities at Signy Island, Antarctica. I. The ice-foot zone
1 January, 1995 by David Barnes
Photographic samples were taken every 5 m along two 40 m transects on mostly rock face at Signy Island, Antarctica, during the austral winter of 1991. Dense and taxonomically rich…1 January, 1995
Pillow metabasalts and interbedded slates adjacent to the Liquiñe-Ofqui fault zone (LOFZ) of the southern Chilean Andes have been studied using electron-microprobe mineral analysis, major and trace element whole-rock geochemistry…1 January, 1995
New discoveries of trigonioid bivalves are documented from three areas in the Antartic Peninsula: the Fossil Bluff Group of Alexander Island, the Latady Formation of the Orville Coast, and the…1 January, 1995
The theory of operation of humidity sensors has not been widely discussed in the literature. In particular, no convincing explanation has been given as to why they respond to relative…Read more on Mechanism for the behavior of hydroactive materials used in humidity sensors
1 January, 1995 by Andrew Clarke
Recent studies of lactation in wild mammals have emphasised the need for accurate information on milk composition, requiring the analysis of large numbers of samples. A simplified method for determining…1 January, 1995
Longlining operations for Dissostichus eleginoides off South Georgia were assessed for incidental mortality and interactions with seabirds. Twenty-seven line sets were observed and 98 deaths of seabirds were recorded over…1 January, 1995
During Austral spring 1992, R.R.S. James Clark Ross worked a five station transect in the Bellingshausen Sea. The transect spanned unproductive waters under solid pack ice to an open-water bloom…Read more on Response of the copepod community to a spring bloom in the Bellingshausen Sea
1 January, 1995
As upper trophic level predators with a circumpolar distribution, the antarctic pack ice seals (crabeater, Lobodon carcinophagus; leopard, Hydrurga leptonyx; Ross, Ommatophoca rossii; and Weddell, Leptonychotes weddelli) provide a potential…Read more on Antarctic pack-ice seal research, February and March 1995
1 January, 1995
As heart rate (f$_{text{H}}$) can be used to determine the energy expenditure of black-browed albatrosses (Diomedea melanophrys) (Bevan et al. 1994), data loggers - recording f$_{text{H}}$ and abdominal temperature (T$_{text{ab}}$)…Read more on The energy expenditure of free-ranging black-browed albatrosses
1 January, 1995
Heart rate () and oxygen consumption () were recorded from gentoo penguins walking on a variable-speed treadmill. After an initial increase, and increased linearly with walking speed. A curvilinear regression…Read more on Heart rate and oxygen consumption of exercising gentoo penguins
1 January, 1995
1. This study examined the costs of reproduction in terms of future survival and reproduction in female Antarctic fur seals from Bird Island, South Georgia. It used mark-recapture data from…1 January, 1995
During sustained bouts of diving, predators such as fur seals may adjust the time they spend diving to maximize the time they can spend foraging and minimize the time spent…Read more on Swimming speed and allocation of time during the dive cycle in Antarctic fur seals
1 January, 1995 by Lloyd Peck
A dense assemblage of the brachiopod Magellania fragilis was sampled by trawl and underwater photography during the expedition ANT IX/3 (1991) of RV ‘Polarstern’ on the shelf of the Lazarev…1 January, 1995
By deploying a data logger specifically designed for the purpose, it was possible to record heart rate, fH (beats/min), from free-ranging gentoo penguins, Pygoscelis papua, and Antarctic fur seals, Arctocephalus…1 January, 1995
Hausmannia papilio Feruglio is a widespread component of Albian fossil floras on Alexander Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Hausmannia cannot be separated from extant Dipteris and is best regarded as a foliage…1 January, 1995 by Paul Rodhouse
A number of reproductive indices were compared with a subjective maturity scale for assessment of Loligo forbesi maturity. The ratio between nidamental gland length and mantle length corresponded well with…1 January, 1995
A total of 109 scientific publications and theses on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic birds for the year 1992 is listed by title. This annual list is produced by the Bird Biology…Read more on Publications and theses on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic birds, 1992
1 January, 1995
Six hooks or lines of the types used in longline fishing were removed from or regurgitated by Blackrowed Diomedea melanphrys and Wandering Albatrosses D. exulans at Bird Island, South Georgia…Read more on Fishing hooks associated with Albatrosses at Bird Island, South Georgia, 1992/1993
1 January, 1995
The biogenic hydrocarbon content of particulate matter of the Bellingshausen Sea in the region of the marginal ice zone (MIZ) has been used to investigate the origins and fates of…1 January, 1995 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
The Snow Petrel Pagodroma nivea is endemic to Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, with a circumpolar breeding distribution. A comprehensive review of both the published literature and unpublished records revealed…Read more on Breeding distribution of the snow petrel Pagodroma nivea
1 January, 1995 by Anna Jones, Jonathan Shanklin
IN 1985, Farman et al.1 announced that a dramatic reduction in total ozone was occurring in the atmosphere over Halley, Antarctica, during the polar spring. Analysis of satellite data revealed…Read more on Continued decline of total ozone over Halley, Antarctica, since 1985
1 January, 1995
This paper considers the use of passive greenhouse apparatus in field experiments investigating the biological consequences of climate change. The literature contains many accounts of such experiments claiming relevance of…1 January, 1995 by Robert Larter
The first deep-tow boomer survey on the Antarctic continental margin has revealed relict subglacial deltas on the outer continental shelf off the Antarctic Peninsula. Progradation of subglacial deltas is thought…Read more on Relict subglacial deltas on the Antarctic Peninsula outer shelf
1 January, 1995
The abundance of both heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNAN) and bacterioplankton in a large (9km2) ultraoligotrophic Antarctic lake (Crooked Lake) were investigated from December 1992 until November 1993. HNAN abundance peaked in…1 January, 1995 by Philip Leat
The plutonic rocks of the Antarctic Peninsula magmatic arc form one of the major batholiths of the circum-Pacific rim. The Antarctic Peninsula batholith is a 1350 km long by <…1 January, 1995 by Michael Pinnock
The first ionospheric plasma convection maps ordered by the y- and z-components of the IMF using only data from the southern hemisphere are presented. These patterns are determined from line-of-sight…Read more on Ionospheric plasma convection in the southern hemisphere
1 January, 1995
Previous work has shown that interplanetary scintillation (IPS) observations produce a poor forecast for geomagnetic activity. An explanation of some of the problems encountered would be the existence of an…1 January, 1995
The structure of the cardiac foramen ovale from eight genera of pinnipeds was studied using the scanning electron microscope. Specimens were obtained from fetuses or neonates of the Californian sea…Read more on Comparative anatomy of the cardiac foramen ovale in the Pinnipedia
1 January, 1995
Results are presented from a novel EISCAT special programme, SP-UK-BEAN, intended for the direct measurement of the ion temperature anisotropy during ion frictional heating events in the high-latitude F-region. The…Read more on The BEAN experiment – An EISCAT study of ion temperature anisotropies
1 January, 1995 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
Seventeen species of Tardigrada from lakes and catchments on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, are described. Two species, Echiniscus punctus and Isohypsibius laevis are new to science, and two, Oreella…1 January, 1995
New U-Pb dating of zircons separated from felsic volcanic rocks of the Patuxent and Gambacorta formations from the Pensacola Mountains in the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica, yields earliest Ordovician ages of…1 January, 1995
“Orchestia” scutigerula Dana (Amphipoda: Talitridae) was found beneath supralittoral stones at Kanin Point, S. Georgia. Microhabitat temperatures recorded over 6 summer weeks varied widely (hourly, diurnally, weekly), especially under stones…1 January, 1995 by Mervyn Freeman, Michael Pinnock
We present an analysis of ground magnetic field, ionospheric flow, geosynchronous particle, and interplanetary data during a multiple-onset substorm on 12 April 1988. Our principal results concern the modulations of…Read more on Radar observations of auroral zone flows during a multiple-onset substorm
1 January, 1995 by Mervyn Freeman
Recent work suggests that the quasi-periodic (QP) modulation ~10–50 s of naturally occurring ELF-VLF radio emissions (~0.5–5 kHz) is produced by the compressional action of Pc3 magnetic pulsations on the…Read more on The role of upstream ULF waves in the generation of quasi-periodic ELF-VLF emissions
1 January, 1995 by Eugene Murphy
1. The food chain of the Southern Ocean has often been characterized as simple and homogeneous. However, the population processes of a key prey organism, krill Euphausia superba, operate over…1 January, 1995 by Andrew Clarke, Eugene Murphy
Detection of climate-induced change in marine ecosystems requires a knowledge of the underlying variability of the environment. This paper uses a range of datasets to investigate the interannual variability in…1 January, 1995 by Jonathan Watkins
An acoustic survey at 38 kHz was carried out from R.R.S. Discovery in the Bellingshausen Sea from 23 November to 7 December 1992 as part of the U.K. Joint Global…Read more on A biological acoustic survey in the marginal ice-edge zone of the Bellingshausen Sea
1 January, 1995
Rates of exchanges of nitrate and ammonium across the sediment-water interface were measured in an inshore marine environment at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, Antarctica, over 6 months from August…1 January, 1995 by Lloyd Peck
Spherical or sub-spherical bryozoan colonies were collected from the surface waters of a coastal polynya in the southeastern Weddell Sea near Halley Station in February 1992. These are the first…1 January, 1995 by Michael Pinnock
A case study is presented of a ridge of enhanced F region plasma in the afternoon sector near the equatorward edge of the auroral oval. The study for September 26,…Read more on High-latitudeFregion electron concentration measurements near noon: A case study
1 January, 1995 by Michael Pinnock
The Halley PACE HF radar has been operated in a new mode to provide very high time (10 s) and space (15 km) resolution measurements of the iono-spheric signatures of…Read more on High spatial and temporal resolution observations of the ionospheric cusp
1 January, 1995 by Alistair Crame
Late Jurassic anaerobic-dysaerobic mudstones crop out on both the Weddell Sea (back-arc) and Pacific (fore-are) margins of the northern Antarctic Peninsula. The only known occurrence on the Pacific margin of…1 January, 1995 by Jonathan Watkins
Samples of Antarctic knll Euphausia superba Dana from 8 sites around South Georgia were analysed for total lipid and lipid class composition. Samples consisted predominantly of immature krill, and females…1 January, 1995 by Jonathan Watkins
Immature Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana) (length 44–48 mm), which had been maintained in an aquarium, were fed dense suspensions of algal culture, either the haptophyte Isochrysis or the diatom…1 January, 1995 by Eugene Murphy, Raymond Leakey
Three sites along a shelf to deep-sea transect near the island of South Georgia (55 degrees S) were sampled in the latter part of the austral summer for water column…Read more on Nutrient cycling by Antarctic marine microbial plankton
1 January, 1995
A front at 67°S in the Bellingshausen Sea at 85°W is shown to be part of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and the southernmost zone of concentrated eastward transport at…Read more on On the southerly extent of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the southeast Pacific
1 January, 1995
The diet of mainly adult and sub-adult male Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) was investigated during the austral winters of 1992 and 1993 using faecal (scat) analysis. Of samples containing…1 January, 1995
Scientific Diving techniques were employed during a 54 day oceanographic research cruise to the Bellingshausen Sea, Southern Ocean (65°S–72°S, 80°W–87°W), in order to position sampling and data collecting instrumentation beneath…Read more on Scientific diving under sea ice in the Southern Ocean
1 January, 1995
Simultaneous optical all-sky imager and photometer data from South Pole station and the PACE HF radar at Halley, Antarctica from two case studies are used to show that their respective…Read more on Simultaneous optical and HF radar observations of the ionospheric cusp
1 January, 1995 by Paul Rodhouse
Recent data from research cruises and explorator fishing in the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone (APFZ) of the Scotia Sea, together with data from dietary studies of Antarctic vertebrate predators, have…1 January, 1995 by Paul Rodhouse
The pelagic nekton community was sampled with the RMT 25 opening/closing net and a neuston net at two stations in the Scotia Sea south of the Antarctic Polar Front in…1 January, 1995
Changes in sleep parameters during and after night-shift and the effects of bright white (2500–3000 1x) and dim red (>500 1x) light treatment on re adaptation after night-shift during winter…Read more on Night-shift work in antarctica: Sleep characteristics and bright light treatment
1 January, 1995 by Howard Roscoe
Calculations of air-mass factors (AMFs) for ground-based zenith-sky UV-visible spectrometers are now well developed in laboratories where stratospheric constituents are measured with this technique. An intercomparison between results from the…1 January, 1995 by Howard Roscoe
Calculations of air-mass factors (AMFs) for ground-based zenith-sky UV-visible spectrometers are presented and discussed. Causes and size of errors in AMFs of ozone in the visible are evaluated. Errors can…1 January, 1995
Bryozoans are an important component of the sessile, suspension-feeding fauna on the Antarctic continental shelf, (Knox & Cameron, 1970; Dell, 1972; Winston, 1983; Winston & Heimberg, 1988). Antarctic bryozoan faunas…Read more on A cyphonautes larva (Bryozoa: Gymnolaemata) from the Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica
1 January, 1995 by Lloyd Peck
During November and December 1992, plankton samples were collected using a ring net of mesh size 200 μm vertically hauled through a 600 m water column, at five stations along…1 January, 1995
K-Ar whole-rock dating of five samples of quartz-mica schist from the Nordenskjöld Coast, eastern Graham Land, provides the first unequivocal evidence of pre-Triassic (> 249 ± 7 Ma) deposition of…1 January, 1995
Primitive lava and hyaloclastite with unusual, highly refractory compositions, form part of the Early Ordovician Balcreuchan Group within the ophiolitic Ballantrae Complex, southwestern Scotland. They are identified as likely high-Ca…1 January, 1995
VELOX (VLF/ELF Logger Experiment), a new facility for systematically studying the characteristics of magnetospherically generated ELF/VLF radio noise received at a high-latitude ground station (Halley, Antarctica, 76°S, 26°W, L =…Read more on VELOX: a new VLF/ELF receiver in Antarctica for the Global Geospace Science mission
1 January, 1995
Three long-term studies of lichen growth and colonization have been undertaken at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, in the maritime Antarctic. Small individual thalli of several crustose species and uncolonized…1 January, 1995
A total of 12 species of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) are reported from Beauchêne Island, including two new species. Furcobates lewissmithi n. sp. and Oribatella blocki n. sp. are described…Read more on Oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Beauchêne Island, Falklands, South Atlantic
1 January, 1995 by William Block
Twenty-one species of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida), including three new species, are reported from samples collected on the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia. Fossonothrus wallworki n.sp., Lanceoppia elegantula n.sp. and…Read more on Oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of South Georgia, South Atlantic
1 January, 1995 by William Block
1 Theory suggests that any given rise in temperature resulting from climate change will have its greatest effect on high Arctic ecosystems where growing seasons are short and temperatures low.…Read more on Climatic severity and the response to temperature elevation of Arctic aphids
1 January, 1995 by Geraint Tarling, Peter Ward
A zooplankton net sampling survey was conducted in the southwest Atlantic between 34* and 55* S during austral spring 1990. The survey grid covered shelf, slope and oceanic regions and…Read more on Distribution patterns of macrozooplankton assemblages in the southwest Atlantic
1 January, 1995 by Howard Roscoe, John Turner
Satellite radiometer measurements of global sea surface temperature (SST) with an accuracy of 0.3 K are required for climate change monitoring. In order to validate that this accuracy can be…