Showing 13487 items
1 January, 2001 by Philip Leat, Teal Riley
Voluminous rhyolitic volcanism along the palaeo-Pacific margin of Gondwana was marked by three principal episodes of magmatism. The first of these ( V1) is essentially coincident with the main episode of…1 January, 2001 by Andrew Clarke, Lloyd Peck
Seawater temperatures in Antarctica are low, and typically rather stable seasonally. Associated with this, many marine invertebrates have low resting metabolic rates with a limited aerobic scope, and are often…1 January, 2001 by Andrew Clarke
The mean rate of oxygen consumption in fasted Saduriaentomon increased between 4°C and 13°C with a Q10 of 2.33. After feeding, rates of oxygen uptake increased significantly by two- to…1 January, 2001
A considerable fraction of the solar wind energy that crosses the magnetopause ends up in the high-latitude thermo sphere-io no sphere system as a result of Joule heating, the consequences…Read more on The variability of Joule heating and its effects on the ionosphere and thermosphere
1 January, 2001 by Mark Clilverd
It has recently been suggested that successive intense lightning‐electromagnetic pulse (EMP) events could cause significant large‐scale changes to the properties of the nighttime lower ionosphere. In order to examine this…1 January, 2001 by Paul Rodhouse
Squid are short-lived ecological opportunists which generally have a lifespan of about 1 year. Their populations are labile and recruitment variability is driven, to a greater or lesser extent, by…Read more on Managing and forecasting squid fisheries in variable environments
1 January, 2001 by Howard Roscoe
Using a flexible chemical box model with full heterogeneous chemistry, intercepts of chemically modified Langley plots have been computed for the 5 years of zenith-sky NO2 data from Faraday in…1 January, 2001 by Anna Jones, Howard Roscoe
Ozone at Faraday in Antarctica is measured by a ground-based visible spectrometer. Total ozone is deduced from the slant column measurements by means of calculated air-mass factors (AMFs), which have…1 January, 2001 by Howard Roscoe
Sudden loss of tropospheric ozone well above the boundary layer was observed on three occasions at two coastal sites in Antarctica in spring 1995. Back trajectories show that the air…1 January, 2001 by Howard Roscoe
Stratospheric H2O is increasing, and may be responsible for a large part of the observed cooling of the lower stratosphere. Further cooling will lead to more PSCs in the edge…1 January, 2001 by Howard Roscoe
Ozone depletion at mid-latitudes is caused by reactivehalogens from man-made halocarbons. The stratosphericsulphate aerosol which follows large volcaniceruptions enhances (multiplies) this ozone depletion(it has no effect on ozone without halocarbons).…1 January, 2001
New isotopic ages and a fresh understanding of stratigraphic relations among siliciclastic strata in the Pensacola Mountains along the northern margin of the East Antarctic craton result in removal of…1 January, 2001 by Helen Peat, Peter Convey
The morphology, size and characteristics of the pollen of the plant species Antarctic hairgrass (Deschampsia antarctica, Poaceae) and Antarctic pearlwort (Colobanthus quitensis, Caryophyllaceae) are described by scanning electron microscopy and…1 January, 2001
A geomorphological sketch map of the Fossil Bluff area, showing the main morphological characteristics was prepared from aerial photographs taken by the British Antarctic Survey in 1995. Landforms and deposits…1 January, 2001 by Eric Wolff
A tentative age scale (EDC1) for the last 45 kyr is established for the new 788‐m EPICA Dome C ice core using a simple ice flow model. The age of…Read more on A tentative chronology for the EPICA Dome Concordia Ice Core
1 January, 2001 by Hugh Corr
The Pine Island Glacier (PIG) transports 69 cubic kilometers of ice each year from ∼10% of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). It is possible that a retreat of the…Read more on Inland Thinning of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica
1 January, 2001
Over 70 lakes have now been identi®ed beneath the Antarctic ice sheet. Although water from none of the lakes has been sampled directly, analysis of lake ice frozen (accreted) to…1 January, 2001
Mount Murphy is a large Miocene shield volcano flanked by several small basaltic satellite centres that were erupted beneath a thick (> 200 m) ice sheet. Three empirical models illustrating…1 January, 2001
Detrital modes determined on 68 sandstone samples from CRP-3 drillcore indicate a continuation of the dynamic history of uplift-related erosion and unroofing previously documented in CRP-1 and CRP-2/2A. The source…1 January, 2001
Deception Island is the most active volcano in the Antarctic Peninsula region. It is a large basalt–andesite shield volcano with a 10 km-wide restless caldera (Port Foster) and a complicated…Read more on Lithostratigraphy and volcanic evolution of Deception Island, South Shetland Islands
1 January, 2001
The consensus of several geochemical studies is a polygenetic origin for the basic volcanic sequence within the Ballantrae Complex ophiolite. This overall agreement masks differences of opinion regarding local geochemical…1 January, 2001 by Mark Clilverd
From a statistical study of ductedwhistlers observed at Halley, Antarctica, in 1996, which had propagated on paths in the range L=2.5–4.5, we report mean occurrence rates, numbers of components per…Read more on A quantitative estimate of the ducted whistler power within the outer plasmasphere
1 January, 2001
VLF whistler observations from Eights Station, Antarctica were crucial to the discovery and exploration of the plasmapause (''Carpenter's knee'') by Don Carpenter in the mid-1960s. The Weddell Sea sector of…1 January, 2001
Observations on the abundance of medusae at the surface were conducted in the northern Benguela ecosystem, over the period August 1997–June 1998. The results suggest that Chrysaora hysoscella is found…1 January, 2001 by Iain Staniland
The rate of regurgitation of food from the stomachs of trawl caught whiting Merlangius merlangus was negatively correlated with fish size. Increased musculature of the oesophageal sphincter in larger fish…1 January, 2001 by Robert Mulvaney
We report measurements of brominated, bromochlorinated, and iodinated methanes in air extracted from deep firn at three polar locations (two Antarctic and one Arctic). Using a firn diffusion model, we…Read more on Methyl bromide, other brominated methanes, and methyl iodide in polar firn air
1 January, 2001
The drillhole at CRP-3 was the deepest of the project and offered early hopes of retrieving a long plalaeontological record. However, the reality was that the fossil content dropped off…Read more on Palaeontological studies for CRP-3: introduction
1 January, 2001 by Mark Clilverd
Enhancements of D-region electron densities caused by solar flares are determined from observations of VLF subionospheric amplitude changes and these enhancements are then related to the magnitudes of the X-ray…Read more on Solar flare induced ionospheric D-region enhancements from VLF amplitude observations
1 January, 2001 by Michael Pinnock
Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) HF radar, magnetometer, and satellite data are used to study ionospheric convection flow bursts in the sunward return flow in the 1200–1500 MLT auroral…Read more on Flow transients in the postnoon ionosphere: The role of solar wind dynamic pressure
1 January, 2001
Summary 1 Several albatross species, including the wandering albatross Diomedea exulans, have shown marked declines in abundance throughout their range. These seabirds are frequently taken as by-catch in longline fisheries…Read more on Modelling the impact of fishery by-catches on albatross populations
1 January, 2001 by Gareth Marshall, John Turner
A description is given of an automatic cloud detection scheme that has been developed for year-round, routine use on full (1.1 km) horizontal-resolution, five-channel Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)…1 January, 2001 by John Turner
An assessment is presented of the extent and variability of Antarctic sea ice in the non-flux-corrected version of the Hadley Centre's coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (HadCM3). The results are…Read more on The simulation of Antarctic sea ice in the Hadley Centre Climate Model (HadCM3)
1 January, 2001 by Gareth Marshall, John Turner, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
Model output, satellite data, and in situ observations are used to investigate the conditions that gave rise to an extreme wind event at the Australian Casey Station (66.27°S, 110.53°E) on…Read more on An extreme wind event at Casey Station, Antarctica
1 January, 2001 by David Vaughan, Gareth Marshall, John King, Robert Mulvaney
Global surface temperatures have increased by 0.6 � 0.2°C in the last century, but this warming has not been evenly distributed across the globe. Some regions, such as the Antarctic…1 January, 2001 by Adrian Jenkins, Andy Smith, David Vaughan, Hugh Corr
The Pine Island Glacier ice-drainage basin has been cited as the part of the West Antarctic ice sheet most prone to substantial retreat on human time-scales. Here we review the…1 January, 2001 by Vsevolod Afanasyev
We apply the theory of random walks to quantitatively describe the general problem of how to search efficiently for randomly located objects that can only be detected in the limited…1 January, 2001 by Vsevolod Afanasyev
We discuss recent findings suggesting that an inverse square probability density distribution P(ℓ)∼ℓ−2 of step lengths ℓ leads to an optimal random search strategy for organisms that can search efficiently…Read more on Lévy flights search patterns of biological organisms
1 January, 2001 by Claire Waluda, Paul Rodhouse, Philip Trathan
In this study, we consider the influence of mesoscale oceanographic processes around the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) in the South-west Atlantic, during the period in which the commercial squid fishery…1 January, 2001 by Claire Waluda, Paul Rodhouse, Philip Trathan
In this study, we consider the influence of mesoscale oceanographic processes around the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) in the South-west Atlantic, during the period in which the commercial squid fishery…1 January, 2001 by Peter Ward
In recent years, much attention has been paid to the Antarctic epipelagic fauna, as a result of the desire to increase our knowledge of ecosystem function and resource management. Unfortunately,…Read more on The deep-sea copepod fauna of the Southern Ocean: patterns and processes
1 January, 2001 by Teal Riley
Cambrian volcanic rocks of the Liv Group, defined here as including the Wyatt, Ackerman, Taylor, Fairweather, and Leverett Formations, occur along the paleo-Pacific margin of Gondwana, in the Queen Maud…1 January, 2001 by Mark Clilverd
We compare measurements for 1998 of VLF sferics-generated noise power at Halley, Antarctica, with the predictions of the long wave noise prediction (LNP) noise model. We compare the highest-ranked predicted…1 January, 2001 by Mark Clilverd
Lightning is considered to be a sensitive indicator of global change in the troposphere. In this paper we report the first results from the lightningatmospherics (sferics) counter deployed as part…Read more on Lightning atmospherics count rates observed at Halley, Antarctica
1 January, 2001 by Mervyn Freeman
As noted by Chang, the hypothesis of self-organised criticality provides a theoretical framework in which the low dimensionality seen in magnetospheric indices can be combined with the scaling seen in…Read more on Testing the SOC hypothesis for the magnetosphere
1 January, 2001 by Mervyn Freeman
The interaction between the Earth's magnetic field and the solar wind plasma results in a natural plasma confinement system which stores energy. Dissipation of this energy through Joule heating in…Read more on Ambiguities in determination of self-affinity in the AE-index time series
1 January, 2001 by Mervyn Freeman
We determine that the sizes of bursts in mean-square current density in a reduced magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) simulation follow a power-law probability density function (PDF). The PDFs for burst durations and…1 January, 2001
The provisioning parameters, breeding success, adult mass, and survival of yellow-nosed albatrosses were studied over 7 successive years at Amsterdam Island, southern Indian Ocean. We examined the ability of this…1 January, 2001 by Roger Worland
The loss during desiccation of osmotically active water (OAW), which freezes during cooling to -45 °C, and osmotically inactive water (OIW), which remains unfrozen, from the cysts of the potato…1 January, 2001
The presence of authigenic smectite in the lower Oligocene sandstones of the Cape Roberts Project core CRP-3 from the Victoria Land Basin of Antarctica is confirmed by scanning electron, scanning-transmission…1 January, 2001 by Roger Worland, Peter Convey
1 Rapid cold hardening was examined in three common Antarctic microarthropods using differential scanning calorimetry over timescales between 3 and 30 h, under field and controlled laboratory conditions. 2 In…Read more on Rapid cold hardening in Antarctic microarthropods
1 January, 2001
The integrity of cells and biomolecules in stressed environments is enhanced within microhabitats. Despite desiccation and low temperatures in Antarctic deserts, the greatest near-surface factor is solar radiation. Photosynthetic microbial…1 January, 2001
Antarctic astrobiological research has benefited from the affiliation of the UK Astrobiology Forum (UKAF) to the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI). NAI funding of a miniature Raman spectrometer for the characterization…1 January, 2001
Water, vital for life, not only maintains the integrity of structural and metabolic biomolecules, it also transports them in solution or colloidal suspension. Any flow of water through a dormant…Read more on Brines in seepage channels as eluants for subsurface relict biomolecules on Mars?
1 January, 2001 by Martin Collins
The Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides has been the object of a rapidly expanding longline fishery in the Southern Ocean. Little is known about the biology of D. eleginoides and traditional…1 January, 2001
SHRIMP analyses of detrital zircon cores from high-grade metasediments from the Mid-German Crystalline Rise, which is situated between Eastern Avalonia in the NW and Saxo-Thuringia in the SE, yield mostly…1 January, 2001
Metapelitic gneisses from the Glenfinnan Group of the Moine Supergroup, Scotland, contain sparse large and numerous small garnets, associated with complex zoned epidote and plagioclase in a biotite matrix. The…1 January, 2001
Sediment cores from the continentalrise west of the AntarcticPeninsula and the northern Weddell and ScotiaSeas were investigated for their ice-rafted debris (IRD) content by lithofacies logging and counting of particles…1 January, 2001 by John King
The Ronne polynya formed in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, during the period November 1997-February 1998 to an extent not seen previously in the 25 years of all-weather satellite observations. The…Read more on The Ronne polynya of 1997/98: observations of air-ice-ocean interaction
1 January, 2001 by Paul Rodhouse
A comprehensive study of octopodids in the Weddell Sea was conducted during cruise ANT XIII/3 of RV "Polarstern". The study yielded eight species or incirrate octopodids, three of which were…Read more on A study on octopodids from the eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica
1 January, 2001
The relationship between fitness and parental similarity has been dominated by studies of how inbreeding depression lowers fecundity in incestuous matings. A widespread implicit assumption is that adult fitness (reproduction)…Read more on The influence of parental relatedness on reproductive success
1 January, 2001 by Paul Rodhouse
Exploited populations of ommastrephidsquid are found under a wide range of oceanographic regimes. However, to date most scientific attention has focussed on those found in northern hemisphere western boundary current…1 January, 2001 by Paul Rodhouse
Age, growth and populationstructure of the jumboflyingsquid, Dosidicusgigas, from the jig fishery in Peruvianwaters in 1992 were determined by reading daily increments in ground and polished sections of statoliths. The…1 January, 2001
An experiment involving the supplementary feeding of pups was conducted on Antarctic fur seals to investigate the factors influencing maternal foraging-attendance cycles and the differential use of nutritional resources for…1 January, 2001
The metabolism of 52–73-day old Antarcticfursealpups from Bird Island, South Georgia, was investigated during fasting periods of normal duration while their mothers were at sea foraging. Body mass decreased exponentially…Read more on Fasting metabolism in Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) pups
1 January, 2001
Age composition is fundamental to understanding the population dynamics and productivity of a fish stock. The use of scales to estimate age can result in large errors in age data…1 January, 2001
Given the importance of copepods in the Southern Ocean food web, there are few assessments of their N budgets or their role in regenerating N. In this study we measured…Read more on Ammonium regeneration by Antarctic mesozooplankton: an allometric approach
1 January, 2001 by Peter Ward
The South Georgia region is characterised by high biomass and productivity of phytoplankton, zooplankton and vertebrate predators. Important commercial fisheries have been based at the island since the late 1700s,…Read more on South Georgia, Antarctica: a productive, cold water pelagic ecosystem
1 January, 2001 by Roger Worland, William Block
The sub-AntarcticbeetleHydromedion sparsutum (Coleoptera, Perimylopidae) is common locally on the island of South Georgia where sub-zero temperatures can be experienced in any month of the year. Larvae were known to…1 January, 2001
This paper reports briefly an attempt to examine the tectonic evolution of the Scotia Sea region, in the context of the use of broad-band seismological techniques there. Such techniques can…Read more on Evolution of the Scotia Sea region: relevance to broad-band seismology
1 January, 2001
The ScotiaSea and surrounding Scotia Arc have evolved over the past 40 Ma, by extension behind an east-migrating subduction zone, at the boundary between the South American (SAM) and Antarctic…1 January, 2001 by Rod Arnold
Overgrowth competition, sub-lethal mortality (some zooids killed but colony survives) and subsequent growth from fragments, and diversity of communities encrusting rocks (pebble through to boulder size) were examined from five…1 January, 2001 by Rod Arnold
The Madagascar coast (both) has a higher density and diversity of hermit crabs than is known from any other localiy in the western Indian Ocean. Of the 20 species occurring…Read more on Ecology of subtropical hermit crabs in S.W. Madagascar: cluster structure and function
1 January, 2001 by Rod Arnold
Growth and mortality of 3 species (Inversiula nutrix, Celleporella bougainvillei, Fenestrulina rugula) of encrusting bryozoans were examined from 5 Antarctic localities, along a latitudinal gradient. Typically, growth in marine invertebrates…1 January, 2001 by Roger Worland, William Block
The effect of different culture methods, cold acclimation and desiccation on the supercooling point (SCP), the melting point (MP) of fluids and the quantity of water freezing (osmotically active water)…Read more on Experimental studies on cold survival of enchytraeid cocoons
1 January, 2001 by Richard Phillips
This study combines conventional dietary assessment with stable isotope techniques to describe Great Skua (Stercorarius skua) diet. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in feathers of Great Skua chicks collected…1 January, 2001
The adaptation of Imaging Doppler Interferometry (IDI) to the dynasonde deployed at the Bear Lake Observatory (41.9°N, 111.4°W) in northeastern Utah enables the routine measurement of mesospheric dynamics. Influenced by…