Showing 11205 items
1 January, 1997
The Antarctic marine environment has relatively few direct sources of man-made marine debris; however, there is concern over the dangers posed to wildlife by increasing amounts of such debris. Between…Read more on Marine debris surveys at Bird Island, South Georgia 1990–1995
1 January, 1997 by Richard Horne
The wide variety of geophysical plasmas that will be investigated by the Cluster mission contain waves with a frequency range from DC to over 100 kHz with both magnetic and…Read more on The Digital Wave-Processing Experiment on Cluster
1 January, 1997
Two limpet species occur intertidally on subantarctic South Georgia, the patellid Nacella concinna and the siphonarlid Kerguelenella lateralis. N. concinna is confined to the lower shore close to LWS; K.…1 January, 1997
Belemnites are nektopelagic cephalopods which developed a widespread pattern of distribution in the Jurassic, and most authors have accepted that their centre of origin was Europe. Available data suggest that…1 January, 1997
Two new palynomorph taxa are described, and several existing taxa are discussed from the Upper Jurassic‐Lower Cretaceous Byers Group of Livingston and Snow islands, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula. Oligosphaeridium…1 January, 1997 by William Block
Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), as well as total glutathione (tGSH) concentration were analyzed in the hemolymph and fat body…1 January, 1997 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
Small scale field and laboratory observations of sub-glacial sediment deformation suggest that failure is the predominant method of sediment deformation, while large scale modelling studies using a viscous model of…Read more on Deforming beds: Viscous and plastic scales of deformation
1 January, 1997
Fatty acid signature analysis is based on the principle that unique arrays of fatty acids within groups of organisms can be transferred, largely unaltered, up the marine food chain and…1 January, 1997 by Adrian Jenkins, David Vaughan
Satellite imagery indicates that the floating terminus of Pine Island Glacier has changed little in extent over the past two decades. Data on the velocity and thickness of the glacier…1 January, 1997 by John King
Surface radiation measurements and other climatological data were used to validate the representation of the surface energy balance over the East Antarctic Ice Sheet in the U.K. Meteorological Office Unified…1 January, 1997 by John Turner, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
Many algorithms have been developed to retrieve precipitation and cloud liquid water from passive microwave measurement at mid-latitudes and in the tropics, but these algorithms do not necessarily work well…Read more on Passive microwave retrievals of precipitation over the Southern Ocean
1 January, 1997
Chemical alteration of rock in the Antarctic is considered to be less dominant than physical weathering processes. The research presented in this discussion represents investigations to determine the extent of…1 January, 1997
After weaning, southern elephant seal pups (Mirounga leonina) fast for 3 – 8 weeks, for largely unknown reasons. During the postweaning fast we observed daytime behaviour and movements of pups…1 January, 1997 by Eugene Murphy, Philip Trathan
Analyses of the distribution of krill fishing based on fine-scale (0.5o latitude x 1o longitude) data show that harvesting in the Scotia Sea has been mainly in shelf and shelf-break…1 January, 1997
From 1991 to 1996 we investigated how the breeding cycle of King Penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus, in a small colony at South Georgia, was affected by variation in food availability between…Read more on Changes in king penguin breeding cycle in response to food availability
1 January, 1997
The 1.5 Ma evolution of the Late Pliocene (5.7 to 4.2 Ma) Mt Sidley volcano, Marie Byrd Land, is examined using major and trace elements, Sr, Nd, O and Pb…1 January, 1997
The diet of the Antarctic Prion Pachyptila desolata was examined using food samples regurgitated by adult birds during five breeding seasons at Bird Island, South Georgia. In all years the…1 January, 1997 by Paul Rodhouse
In anticipation of the development of a new fishery for the ommastrephid squid Martialia hyadesi in the Scotia Sea, this paper presents a revision of annual consumption of the species…1 January, 1997 by Andrew Tait, Howard Roscoe
A novel automated ground-based star-pointing spectrometer system has been constructed for long-term deployment in Antarctica. Similar to our earlier stellar system, a two-dimensional detector array measures the spectra of the…1 January, 1997
The collision of India and Asia can be defined as a process that started with the closing of the Tethyan ocean that, during Mesozoic and early Tertiary times, separated the…1 January, 1997
Despite over thirty years of plate tectonic theory, the reasons why supercontinents like Gondwana disintegrate into smaller continents and disperse remain enigmatic. Current ideas mostly involve changes in plate-boundary driving…Read more on An active mantle mechanism for Gondwana breakup
1 January, 1997
We studied energy-provisioning rates and energy requirements of nestlings, as well as energy-expenditure rates of adults in Antarctic prions (Pachyptila desolata) on sub-Antarctic Bird Island, South Georgia. Special emphasis was…Read more on Stomach oil and reproductive energetics in Antarctic prions,Pachyptila desolata
1 January, 1997 by Lloyd Peck
A low-temperature marineaquarium has been maintained at the British Antarctic Survey(BAS) headquarters in Cambridge for over 15 years. In 1988 acompletely new aquarium system was designed and construct ed toprovide…Read more on The coldwater marine aquarium at the British Antarctic Survey
1 January, 1997
Early Cretaceous gabbro, quartz-diorite-granodiorite, and tonalite-granodiorite plutons of the Wiley Glacier complex, in the Antarctic Peninsula magmatic arc, were emplaced in a zone of syn-magmatic extensional shearing. The oldest component…1 January, 1997 by William Block
Differential scanning calorimetry was used to characterize thermal events associated with freezing and melting of suspensions and extracts of Panagrolaimus davidi, an Antarctic nematode which can survive intracellular freezing. Nematode…1 January, 1997
The third review of the status and trends of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic seabird populations compiled by the Bird Biology Subcommittee of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research at the request…Read more on The status and trends of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic seabirds
1 January, 1997 by Roger Worland
The New Zealand alpine cockroach Celatoblatta quinquemaculata (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) survives temperatures up to 5°c below its supercooling point (scp) of -5.4°C in summer-acclimated samples. This high Scp suggests that C.…1 January, 1997
Notothenioid fish of 3 species - 23 immature Notothenia coriiceps, 4 Gobionotothen gibberifrons and 11 Chaenocephalus aceratus, from the coastal zone at the South Orkney Islands were examined to determine…Read more on Digenean, monogenean and cestode infection of inshore fish at the South Orkney Islands
1 December, 1996 by Peter Ward
A shelf site near the island of South Georgia was sampled during a spring bloom in January 1994. Chlorophyll a (chl a) values declined from 19 to 6 mg m-3…Read more on Zooplankton response to a phytoplankton bloom near South Georgia, Antarctica
1 December, 1996 by Jonathan Watkins
In a 14-d period 38 swarms of Antarctic krill,Euphausia superba Dana, were sampled in an area 55.5 x 55.5 km to the southwest of Elephant Island, at the north of…1 December, 1996
In the interior of the Antarctic ice sheet the surface temperature inversion averages over 25°C in the winter months. The negative buoyancy of the near-surface air drives the katabatic windflow,…1 December, 1996
Cape Dubouzet is mainly composed of a volcanic-subvolcanic complex of extrusive rhyolitic breccias, a banded rhyolite and a semi-annular body of dacite porphyry rich in xenoliths of metamorphic rocks. Major…1 December, 1996
During the conjunctive SUNDIAL/ATLAS 1/GEM campaign period of March 28–29, 1992, a set of comprehensive data has been collected both from space and from ground. The assimilative mapping of ionospheric…1 December, 1996
In the Antarctic botanical zone the genus Ditrichum Hampe (Ditrichaceae, Bryopsida) is represented by three species, D. austro-georgicum (Card.) Seppelt, D. brotherusii (R. Br. ter.) Seppelt and D. lewis-smithii Ochyra…Read more on Ditrichum lewis-smithii (Ditrichaceae, Bryopsida), a new species from Antarctica
1 December, 1996
Imported anthropogenic bacteria may survive the Antarctic winter and introduce new genes into local bacterial communitiesRead more on Salmonella enteritidis in Antarctica: zoonosis in man or humanosis in penguins?
1 December, 1996 by Eugene Murphy
The dense phytoplankton blooms observed in earlier studies in the Southern Ocean Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) may not be representative of all regions, so that some previous assessments of the…1 November, 1996
South Georgia, an extremely isolated island within the Antarctic Convergence, was covered by an extensive icecap until ~10,000 years ago. In consequence the depauperate intertidal fauna is of recent origin…1 November, 1996
Freshwater lakes occur through much of Antarctica and are characterized by short food chains dominated by microbes. Comparatively few studies have been made of continental freshwater lakes until recently, with…Read more on Microbial diversity and function in Antarctic freshwater ecosystems
1 November, 1996
It has been known for some time that yolk deposition and final ovarian maturation were prolonged processes for many Antarctic fish. The adolescent phase in three species of channichthyid has…1 November, 1996
Zooplankton grazing impact on algae, heterotrophic flagellates and bacteria, as well as invertebrate predation on herbivorous zooplankton, were investigated in two sub-Antarctic lakes with extremely simple food chains. The two…Read more on Quantification of invertebrate predation and herbivory in food chains of low complexity
1 November, 1996
An aerobiological monitoring programme was carried out for over a year on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, Antarctica. Collections were made using arrays of rotorod samplers at three sites. Lichen…Read more on Aerial dispersal of lichen soredia in the maritime Antarctic
1 November, 1996 by Eugene Murphy, Raymond Leakey
The Southern Ocean provides a habitat for microplankton which is strongly influenced by physical factors. Of these, one of the most important and striking is the formation of sea ice.…1 November, 1996 by Mervyn Freeman
Clouds of energetic electrons, injected sporadically into the nightside magnetosphere during substorm expansion phase onsets, can generate VLF whistler mode noise through the gyroresonance instability, which may then be observed…Read more on Post midnight VLF chorus events, a substorm signature observed at the ground nearL= 4
1 November, 1996
Heterotrophic protozoa have a global distribution in terrestrial habitats. The functional groups significantly represented are zooflagellates, cillates, gymnamoebae and testate amoebae. Their range extends into the Antarctic zone, but the…1 November, 1996
In this study we consider the phase relationships between the oscillations of various ionospheric signatures associated with Pcl geomagnetic pulsations. Investigations using a simple analytical method and a numerical model,…Read more on The phase relationships of the ionospheric signatures of Pc1 geomagnetic pulsations
1 November, 1996
Microorganisms are fundamental to the functioning of Antarctic ecosystems. Although microbial biomass can be immense in Southern Ocean blooms and freshwater cyanobacterial mats, species richness is generally more restricted than…Read more on Antarctic microbial diversity: the basis of polar ecosystem processes
1 October, 1996 by Adrian Fox
Unique place-names are essential for scientific fieldwork in Antarctica. This shorter contribution describes how duplication of place-names in British Antarctic Territory has been avoided by the systematic naming of geographically…Read more on Pioneers of photogrammetry commemorated in Antarctic place-names
1 October, 1996
Bacterial production and heterotrophic nanoflagellate (HNAN) bacterivory were determined concurrently with measurements of abundance and biomass at weekly intervals between 30 December 1993 and 11 February 1994 at a shallow,…1 October, 1996 by Paul Rodhouse
The species composition, abundance, vertical distribution, biovolume and carbon content of gelatinous nekton in the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone are described from a series of RMT25 hauls collected from a…1 October, 1996 by Andy Smith
Analysis of seismic data provides a new technique to measure basal melting of an ice shelf close to the grounding line. Internal reflections have been observed within the ice on…Read more on Ice shelf basal melting at the grounding line, measured from seismic observations
1 September, 1996
The energy expenditure of ten (five male, five female) wandering albatrosses (Diomedea exulans Linnaeus 1758) brooding chicks on Bird Island, South Georgia, was measured using doubly-labelled water. At-sea foraging behaviour…Read more on The foraging behaviour and energetics of wandering albatrosses brooding chicks
1 September, 1996
Approximately 54% of the world population of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) breeds at South Georgia. A partial survey in 1951 and a complete survey in 1985, together with counts…Read more on Status of southern elephant seals at South Georgia
1 September, 1996
For the first time, photosynthesis of Myriogramme mangini (Gain) Skottsberg, one of the dominant red macroalgae in the sublittoral of Signy Island (South Orkney Islands), was studied in situ under…1 September, 1996
Sediment traps were deployed in an oligotrophic, seasonally anoxic maritime Antarctic lake for 15 months. Immediately after the onset of the inflow in spring many iron oxyhydroxide aggregates were collected…1 September, 1996 by Andrew Clarke, Raymond Leakey
Seawater chlorophyll a concentration (size-fractionated at 20, 2, and 0.2 µm) and temperature have been measured weekly from December 1988 to August 1994 at a nearshore shallow-water station at Signy…1 September, 1996 by Alistair Crame
Praeaucellina umbonoradiata gen. et sp. nov. is a small pteriomorph bivalve from the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous of Antarctica which can be referred to the family Oxytomidae, within the superfamily Monotoidea.…Read more on A new oxytomid bivalve from the Upper Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous of Antarctica
1 September, 1996
Total electron content (TEC) measurements obtained at two Antarctic stations over nine months beginning early in 1994 have been analysed as a first step to performing ionospheric tomography. Two receiving…1 September, 1996 by Jonathan Watkins, Philip Trathan
Using stomach lavage samples from macaroni penguins Eudyptes chrysolophus Brandt breeding at Bird Island, South Georgia and concurrent net samples caught within the penguin foraging range, we examined the potential…1 September, 1996
A continuous 37-year record of the geomagnetic field from Argentine Islands Geomagnetic Observatory at Faraday research station (65°S, 64°W), Antarctica, has been analysed to reveal a 27-month periodicity in the…1 September, 1996 by Philip Trathan
Samples of Antarctic krill collected from 6 seabird species and Antarctic fur seal during February 1986 at South Georgia were compared to krill from scientific nets fished in the area…Read more on Krill caught by predators and nets: differences between species and techniques
1 September, 1996
The Permo-Triassic Trinity Peninsula Group is a widespread, regionally metamorphosed metasedimentary sequence in northern Graham Land, Antarctica, which forms the local ‘basement’ to the mainly Jurassic–Cretaceous Antarctic Peninsula magmatic arc.…1 September, 1996 by John Turner
An account is given of the Antarctic First Regional Observing Study of the Troposphere (FROST) project, which has been organized by the Physics and Chemistry of the Atmosphere Group of…Read more on The Antarctic First Regional Observing Study of the Troposphere (FROST) Project
1 September, 1996 by Philip Trathan, Peter Ward
Two dominant Antarctic copepod species, Rhincalanus gigas and Calanus simillimus, were sampled at stations along a 420 km transect running from Maurice Ewing Bank (50°S, 42°W) towards South Georgia (54°S,…1 September, 1996
During winter research cruises to South Georgia (1983 and 1993) fish eggs were abundant in the neuston. Examination of the external sculpturing and the micropyle morphology of the eggs collected…1 September, 1996 by Philip Trathan
Substantial open-ocean phytoplankton blooms in the Antarctic Zone to the northwest of South Georgia, South Atlantic are described. Chlorophyll a, nutrient and physical oceanography data, collected between 2 and 5…1 September, 1996 by Mark Clilverd
Whistler mode signals from the NAA transmitter (24 kHz) received at Faraday, Antarctica are processed to obtain the Doppler shift at a much higher time resolution than has previously been…Read more on Doppler shift pulsations on whistler mode signals from a VLF transmitter
1 September, 1996
An examination of notothenioid fish of three species, including 23 immature Notothenia coriiceps Richardson, revealed seven acanthocephalan species, including two Echinorhynchida occurring in the intestine and five Polymorphida in the…Read more on Acanthocephalan infection of inshore fishes at the South Orkney Islands
1 August, 1996
Heterotrophic dinoflagellates and their herbivory were quantified at a coastal site in East Antarctica in the vicinity of the Australian Antarctic station of Davis (68° 35' S, 77° 58' E).…1 August, 1996
By using time-depth recorders to measure diving activity and the doubly-labelled water method to determine energy expenditure, the relationship between foraging behaviour and energy expenditure was investigated in nine Antarctic…1 August, 1996 by Eugene Murphy, Peter Ward
A zooplankton community in the Polar Frontal Zone north of South Georgia was sampled for 5 days in February 1994. Feeding of various copepodite stages of six copepod species was…1 August, 1996 by Alistair Crame
New correlations of marine clastic sedimentary rocks exposed within the James Ross Basin, Antarctica have shown that the mid-to late Cretaceous succession is in excess of 5 km thick. Plotting…Read more on Late Cretaceous extinction patterns in Antarctica
1 August, 1996
We review quantitative studies of the cephalopod diet of seabirds, with details of all species forming more than 5% by numbers or mass of seabird diets. Although squid are widespread…1 August, 1996 by John King
We present measurements of the components of the energy and mass balance of the snow surface at Halley Research Station, Antarctica. During the winter months, when insolation is small or…Read more on The surface energy and mass balance at Halley, Antarctica during winter
1 August, 1996
The fish component of the diet of black browed and grey-headed albatrosses at South Georgia was investigated by intercepting 155 meals from adults arriving to feed chicks during February 1986…1 August, 1996 by Paul Rodhouse
Cephalopods are voracious, versatile predators. They generally have a short life span and a single spawning event followed by death. Populations are subject to dramatic fluctuations and their impact on…1 August, 1996
Tipula montana, an upland tipulid of northern Britain and generally considered a montane species, was collected from the northern heath habitat of Waskerley Common, County Durham. The growth rate of…