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VLF, magnetic bay, and Pi2 substorm signatures at auroral and midlatitude ground stations
1 January, 2002 by Mervyn Freeman
A superposed epoch analysis of 100–300 substorms is performed to determine the median size and shape of the substorm-associated VLF chorus, magnetic bay, and Pi2 pulsation burst observed at the…Late surge glacial conditions on Bakaninbreen, Svalbard and implications for surge termination
1 January, 2002 by Andy Smith
Bakaninbreen is a polythermal glacier in southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard, that last surged between 1985 and 1995. Seismic reflection data were acquired during early quiescence in spring 1998, just upstream of…Enhanced sexual reproduction in bryophytes at high latitudes in the maritime Antarctic
1 January, 2002 by Peter Convey
Contrary to the generally accepted hypothesis that bryophyte fertility decreases with increasing latitude and therefore climatic severity, a detailed study of bryophyte reproductive strategies at sites in the southern maritime…Read more on Enhanced sexual reproduction in bryophytes at high latitudes in the maritime Antarctic
Sedimentary pigments as markers for environmental change in an Antarctic lake
1 January, 2002 by Dominic Hodgson
Fossil pigments were identified in a sediment core from Kirisjes Pond, a small lake in the Larsemann Hills, east Antarctica, using reversed-phase HPLC and LC–MS/MS. Chlorophyll a- and b-derived components…Read more on Sedimentary pigments as markers for environmental change in an Antarctic lake
Investigating the biases in the use of hard prey remains to identify diet composition using antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) in captive feeding trials
1 January, 2002
The analysis of pinniped scats has been used to quantify their diet, using prey remains to identify species and to estimate the numbers and sizes of prey consumed. There are,…Bottom curents, contourites and deep-sea sediment drifts: current state-of-the-art
1 January, 2002
This paper provides both an introduction to and summary for the Atlas of Contourite Systems that has been compiled as part of the International Geological Correlation Project - IGCP 432.…Read more on Bottom curents, contourites and deep-sea sediment drifts: current state-of-the-art
Model of the energization of outer-zone electrons by whistler-mode chorus during the October 9, 1990 geomagnetic storm
1 January, 2002 by Richard Horne
[1] Relativistic (> 1 MeV) 'killer electrons' are frequently generated in the Earth's inner magnetosphere during the recovery phase of a typical magnetic storm. We test the hypothesis that the…Midnight sinking behaviour in Calanus finmarchicus: a response to satiation or krill predation?
1 January, 2002
The vertical migration of Calanus finmarchicus and krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica and Thysanoessa raschii) was monitored during the summer of 1999 in the Clyde Sea using a combination of acoustic and…Variability of the southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current front north of South Georgia
1 January, 2002 by Sally Thorpe
SouthGeorgia (∼54°S, 37°W) is an island in the eastern Scotia Sea, South Atlantic that lies in the path of the AntarcticCircumpolarCurrent (ACC). The southern ACC front (SACCF), one of three…Read more on Variability of the southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current front north of South Georgia
Upper Oligocene to lowermost Miocene strata of King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica : stratigraphy, facies analysis, and implications for the glacial history of the Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 2002
The Cape Melville Formation (CMF), exposed on southeastern King George Island, South Shetland Islands, provides rare evidence of extensive earliest Miocene glaciation in the Antarctic Peninsula region. The formation records…The Polonez Cove Formation of King George Island, Antarctica: stratigraphy, facies and implications for mid-Cenozoic cryosphere development
1 January, 2002
The middle to late Oligocene Polonez Cove Formation, exposed on south-eastern King George Island, South Shetland Islands, provides rare evidence of mid-Cenozoic West Antarctic cryosphere evolution. A revised lithostratigraphy and…Spatial variability of Antarctic Peninsula net surface mass balance
1 January, 2002 by Gareth Marshall, John Turner, Robert Mulvaney, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
Measurements from ice cores and snow pits collected over the last 50 years are used to examine how net surface mass balance varies across the Antarctic Peninsula to give the…Read more on Spatial variability of Antarctic Peninsula net surface mass balance
Sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and strain regime in the northern South Sandwich forearc
1 January, 2002 by Robert Larter
The first swath bathymetry and side-scan sonar imagery from the South Sandwich forearc reveals detailed seafloor morphology, tectonic fabric, and sedimentary features in an area where plate convergence is approximately…Slice of intraoceanic arc: insights from the first multichannel seismic reflection profile across the South Sandwich island arc
1 January, 2002 by Robert Larter
We present the first multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection line that crosses the South Sandwich Trench, South Sandwich island arc, and East Scotia Sea backarc basin. The line is used in…Mid-Cretaceous ductile deformation on the Eastern Palmer Land Shear Zone, Antarctica, and implications for timing of Mesozoic terrane collision
1 January, 2002
Ar–Ar dating of high-strain ductile mylonites of the Eastern Palmer Land Shear Zone in the southern Antarctic Peninsula indicates that reverse movement on the shear zone occurred in late Early…A mid-Cretaceous age for the Palmer Land event, Antarctic Peninsula: implications for terrane accretion timing and Gondwana palaeolatitudes
1 January, 2002
New structural and age data suggest that West Gondwana may have been at lower palaeolatitudes than previously interpreted from Albian sequences in Gondwana marginal suspect terranes. The Palmer Land event,…Risk estimation of collapse of the West Antarctic ice sheet
1 January, 2002 by David Vaughan
Complete collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) would raise global sea level by around 5 m, but whether collapse is likely, or even possible, has been `glaciology's grand…Read more on Risk estimation of collapse of the West Antarctic ice sheet
Systematics, ecology and biology of cirrate octopods: a workshop report
1 January, 2002 by Martin Collins
Cirrate octopods are conspicuous members of the benthopelagic and bathypelagic communities and include some of the largest invertebrates of the deep-sea. Although they have often been considered to be rare…Read more on Systematics, ecology and biology of cirrate octopods: a workshop report
A statistical study of the Doppler spectral width of high-latitude ionospheric F-region echoes recorded with SuperDARN coherent HF radars
1 January, 2002 by Michael Pinnock
The HF radars of the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) provide measurements of the E ×B drift of ionospheric plasma over extended regions of the high-latitude ionosphere. We have…Radar observations of magnetospheric activity during extremely quiet solar wind conditions
1 January, 2002 by Michael Pinnock
During a period of extremely quiet solar wind conditions from 8 to 10 March 1997, strong activity was observed by the Southern Hemisphere Auroral Radar Experiment Super Dual Auroral Radar…Origin and significance of 13(2)-hydroxychlorophyll derivatives in sediments
1 January, 2002 by Dominic Hodgson
The authenticity of hydroxychlorophyllderivatives in sediments has been verified by subjecting pure chlorophyll preparations to the extraction method used for sediments. Model studies of chlorophyll autoxidation reveal hydroxychlorophyll as the…Read more on Origin and significance of 13(2)-hydroxychlorophyll derivatives in sediments
Ecological responses to recent climate change
1 January, 2002 by Peter Convey
There is now ample evidence of the ecological impacts of recent climate change, from polar terrestrial to tropical marine environments. The responses of both flora and fauna span an array…The Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front: physical and biological coupling at South Georgia
1 January, 2002 by Eugene Murphy, Jonathan Watkins, Michael Meredith, Peter Ward, Sally Thorpe
The coupling of physics and biology was examined along a 160 km long transect running out from the north coast of South Georgia Island and crossing the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar…Verification of the acoustic techniques used to identify Antarctic krill
1 January, 2002 by Jonathan Watkins
Acoustic surveys to estimate krill biomass require that the sound backscattered by krill can be identified and distinguished from all other types of backscatter. Sampling acoustic targets with nets to…Read more on Verification of the acoustic techniques used to identify Antarctic krill
Scaling in the space climatology of auroral indices: is SOC the only possible description?
1 January, 2002
The study of the robust features of the magnetosphere is motivated both by new “whole system” approaches, and by the idea of “space climate” as opposed to “space weather”. We…Ion-acoustic resistivity in plasmas with similar ion and electron temperatures
1 January, 2002 by Mervyn Freeman, Richard Horne
Analytical estimates of resistivity due to electrostatic current-driven ion-acoustic waves are compared with Vlasov simulation results. Particular attention is given to the case of similar ion and electron temperatures that…Read more on Ion-acoustic resistivity in plasmas with similar ion and electron temperatures
Seasonality of reactive nitrogen oxides (NOy) at Neumayer Station, Antarctica
1 January, 2002 by Anna Jones
NO, NOy (total reactive nitrogen oxides), gaseous HNO3, and particulate nitrate (p-NO3−) were measured at Neumayer Station from February 1999 to January 2000. In addition, during February 1999, the NOy…Read more on Seasonality of reactive nitrogen oxides (NOy) at Neumayer Station, Antarctica
Successive geothermal, volcanic-hydrothermal and contact-metasomatic events in Cenozoic volcanic-arc basalts, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica
1 January, 2002
Hydrothermal alteration in volcanic arcs occurs in many settings and may involve magmatic, marine, lacustrine or groundwaters, driven by magmatic, tectonic or thermal events. King George Island, part of the…Integrated chronostratigraphic calibration of the Oligocene-Miocene boundary at 24.0 +/- 0.1 MA from the CRP-2A drill core, Ross Sea, Antarctica
1 January, 2002
An expanded Oligocene-Miocene boundary interval recovered in the Cape Roberts Project CRP-2A core from beneath the Ross Sea, Antarctica, has yielded a high-resolution integrated chrono stratigraphy that has, in turn,…Data report: Diffuse spectral reflectance data from rise sites 1095, 1096, and 1101 and Palmer Deep sites 1098 and 1099 (Leg 178, western Antarctic Peninsula)
1 January, 2002
The routine use of spectrophotometry on the sediment surfaces of archive halves of each section during the onboard sedimentological core description process is a great stride toward development of real-time…Data report: Bulk sediment parameters (CaCO3, TOC, and more than 63 mu m) of Sites 1095, 1096, and 1011, and coarse-fraction analysis of Site 1095 (ODP Leg 178, western Antarctic Peninsula)
1 January, 2002 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
The area west of the Antarctic Peninsula is a key region for studying and understanding the history of glaciation in the southern high latitudes during the Neogene with respect to…Large scale patterns in diversity and community structure of surface water copepods from the Atlantic Ocean
1 January, 2002 by Andrew Clarke, Peter Ward
Diversity and structure of copepod assemblages were investigated using 259 WP2 zooplankton samples collected from the top 200 m of the Atlantic Ocean between 60°N and 63°S. Whilst richness at…Observations of surge periodicity in East Greenland using molybdenum records from marine sediment cores
1 January, 2002
This paper describes a unique record of glacier flow instability for East Greenland during the Little Ice Age. Trace metal analysis of sediment cores collected during 1998 from the Noret…Pigmentation as a survival strategy for ancient and modern photosynthetic microbes under high ultraviolet stress on planetary surfaces
1 January, 2002
Solar radiation is the primary energy source for surface planetary life, so that pigments are fundamental components of any surface-dwelling organism. They may therefore have evolved in some form on…Editorial: The International Journal of Astrobiology
1 January, 2002
The launch of a new journal is appropriately like a space mission. It is the result of a scientific need, the inspiration of a group of committed scientists and technologists,…Read more on Editorial: The International Journal of Astrobiology
Distribution of cephalopods recorded in the diet of the Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) around South Georgia
1 January, 2002 by Paul Rodhouse
The cephalopod component of the diet of Patagonian toothfish, Dissostichus eleginoides, around South Georgia was analysed from stomach contents collected between March and May 2000. Cephalopods occurred in 7% of…Unusual occurrence of Illex argentinus (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) in the diet of albatrosses breeding at Bird Island, South Georgia
1 January, 2002 by Paul Rodhouse
In Southwest Atlantic waters, the short-finned squid Illex argentinus is distributed along the Patagonian shelf and slope, from approximately 22° to 54°S ( Haimovici et al., 1998). I. argentinus has…ULF Pc5-6 magnetic activity in the polar cap as observed along a geomagnetic meridian in Antarctica
1 January, 2002
Latitudinal and diurnal distributions of spectral power and spatial coherency parameters of the geomagnetic variations in the Pc5-6 (1–6 mHz) frequency range are analyzed using data of magnetometer stations in…Scavenging by megabenthos and demersal fish on the South Georgia slope
1 January, 2002 by Martin Collins
The scavenging megafauna of the South Georgia and Shag Rocks slope in the south-west Atlantic (625-15 19 m) were investigated using autonomous baited camera systems. Two surveys were conducted: the…Read more on Scavenging by megabenthos and demersal fish on the South Georgia slope
Near-surface turbulent fluxes in stable stratification: calculation techniques for use in general-circulation models
1 January, 2002 by John King
Practically oriented flux-calculation techniques based on correction functions to the neutral drag and heat/mass transfer coefficients are further developed. In the traditional formulation, the correction functions depend only on the…Reconstruction of the historical temperature trend from measurements in a medium-length borehole on the Lomonosovfonna plateau, Svalbard
1 January, 2002 by Robert Mulvaney
A medium-length ice core was drilled at the ice divide on the Lomonosovfonna plateau (1230 m a.s.l.),Svalbard, in May1997.As part of this project, temperature measurements were performed in the 120…Evolution of subglacial bedforms along a paleo-ice stream, Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf
1 January, 2002
Geophysical data from the Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf reveal streamlined subglacial bedforms in a cross-shelf trough. Bedforms exhibit progressive elongation with distance along the trough, and record flow of a…Sediment reworking on high-latitude continental margins and its implications for palaeoceanographic studies: insights from the Norwegian-Greenland Sea
1 January, 2002
Geological evidence indicates that sediment reworking is common around the continental margins and abyssal depths of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea, a high-latitude setting with glacier-influenced margins. Detailed analysis of 22 cores…The science and scientific legacy of Operation Chastise
1 January, 2002
Operation Chastise, more often known as the ‘Dambusters raids’, was one of the most audacious aerial military operations of the Second World War, in that it made use of operationally…Read more on The science and scientific legacy of Operation Chastise
Cassini Plasma Spectrometer observations of bidirectional lobe electrons during the Earth flyby, August 18, 1999
1 December, 2001
Unlike previous missions to the magnetotail (IMP 6, ISEE 1, ISEE 3, and Geotail), which effectively made observations in the lobe at a single downtail distance, the Cassini Earth swingby…Investigating the possible association between thunderclouds and plasmaspheric ducts
1 December, 2001 by Mark Clilverd
It has been suggested that quasi-electrostatic electric fields from thunderclouds might produce whistler ducts by driving plasma interchange of geomagnetic flux tubes. Using lightning activity as a proxy for the…Read more on Investigating the possible association between thunderclouds and plasmaspheric ducts
An ionospheric convection signature of antiparallel reconnection
1 December, 2001 by Gareth Chisham, Mervyn Freeman, Michael Pinnock
This paper sets out a critical test of the antiparallel merging hypothesis. For the conflicting theories of antiparallel and subsolar reconnection, we model the location of reconnection regions on the…Read more on An ionospheric convection signature of antiparallel reconnection
On the winding of auroral spirals: Interhemispheric observations and Hallinan’s theory revisited
1 December, 2001 by Mervyn Freeman
Auroral spirals are the largest vortex structures that appear in auroral arcs. Their diameters vary from tens to hundreds of kilometers. We have collected an all-sky camera data set of…Cassini Plasma Spectrometer electron spectrometer measurements during the Earth swing-by on August 18, 1999
1 December, 2001
On August 18, 1999, Cassini flew by the Earth on its way to Saturn. The Cassini Earth swing-by was the fastest traversal of the Earth's magnetosphere to date. The spacecraft…Influence of channelling on heating in ice-sheet flows
1 October, 2001 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
Ice‐sheet flows can be channelled by perturbations in the basal topography or in the sliding coefficient. These lead to spatial variation in the steady profile, the flux and the dissipative…Read more on Influence of channelling on heating in ice-sheet flows
Iceberg trajectory modeling and meltwater injection in the Southern Ocean
15 September, 2001 by Keith Nicholls
This is the first large-scale modeling study of iceberg trajectories and melt rates in the Southern Ocean. An iceberg model was seeded with climatological iceberg calving rates based on a…Read more on Iceberg trajectory modeling and meltwater injection in the Southern Ocean
Changes in the global atmospheric methane budget over the last decades inferred from 13C and D isotopic analysis of Antarctic firn air
1 September, 2001 by Robert Mulvaney
The atmospheric trend of methane isotopic ratios since the mid-20th century has been reconstructed from Antarctic firn air. High volume air samples were extracted at several depth levels at two…A case study test of Araki’s physical model of geomagnetic sudden commencement
1 July, 2001 by Mai Mai Lam
This paper tests the Araki [1994] computational model of the Earth-ionosphere system during geomagnetic sudden commencement (sc). In particular, we test the model's ability to predict the signs of the…Read more on A case study test of Araki’s physical model of geomagnetic sudden commencement
Substorm dependence of chorus amplitudes: Implications for the acceleration of electrons to relativistic energies
1 July, 2001 by Richard Horne
Intense interest currently exists in determining the roles played by various wave-particle interactions in the acceleration of electrons to relativistic energies during/following geomagnetic storms. Here we present a survey of…Oceanographic conditions south of Berkner Island, beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica
15 June, 2001 by Keith Makinson, Keith Nicholls
We have made oceanographic measurements at two sites beneath the southern Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf. Hot-water drilled access holes were made during January 1999, allowing conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiling and the deployment…BEDMAP: A new ice thickness and subglacial topographic model of Antarctica
10 June, 2001 by Adrian Jenkins, Andy Smith, David Vaughan, Hugh Corr, Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
Measurements of ice thickness on the Antarctic ice sheet collected during surveys undertaken over the past 50 years have been brought together into a single database. From these data, a…Read more on BEDMAP: A new ice thickness and subglacial topographic model of Antarctica
SUSPEN intercomparison of ultraviolet spectroradiometers
1 June, 2001 by Peter Kirsch
Results from an intercomparison campaign of ultraviolet spectroradiometers that was organized at Nea Michaniona, Greece July, 1–13 1997, are presented. Nineteen instrument systems from 15 different countries took part and…Read more on SUSPEN intercomparison of ultraviolet spectroradiometers
Centurial‐millenial ice‐rafted debris pulses from ablating marine ice sheets
1 June, 2001 by Adrian Jenkins, Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
We use an ice‐sheet model to show that (i) margins of marine ice‐sheets can be expected to be frozen to the bed, except where ice‐streams discharge; (ii) 20–50km retreats induced…Read more on Centurial‐millenial ice‐rafted debris pulses from ablating marine ice sheets
Atmospheric water vapor over Antarctica derived from Special Sensor Microwave/Temperature 2 data
27 May, 2001 by John Turner, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
In polar regions, satellite microwave radiometry has not been successful in measuring the total water vapor (TWV) in the atmosphere. The difficulties faced in these regions arise from the very…Measurements of NOx emissions from the Antarctic snowpack
1 April, 2001 by Anna Jones, Eric Wolff
It has been shown that NOx is produced photochemically within the snowpack of polar regions. If emitted to the atmosphere, this process could be a major source of NOx in…Read more on Measurements of NOx emissions from the Antarctic snowpack
Freshwater fluxes through the western Fram Strait
1 April, 2001 by Michael Meredith
Two hydrographic and δ18O transects across Fram Strait (Aug–Sept 1997, 1998) are used to examine freshwater contributions to the East Greenland Current (EGC). The EGC featured up to ∼16% meteoric…Read more on Freshwater fluxes through the western Fram Strait
Simultaneous measurements of the O2(¹Δ) and O2(¹Σ) Airglows and ozone in the daytime mesosphere
1 March, 2001
We report simultaneous measurements of the O2(¹Δ) and O2(¹Σ) airglow volume emission rate profiles in the daytime mesosphere. We use these measurements to derive ozone concentrations separately from each airglow.…The impact of the mixing properties within the Antarctic stratospheric vortex on ozone loss in spring
1 February, 2001 by Anna Jones, Howard Roscoe
Calculations of equivalent length from an artificial advected tracer provide new insight into the isentropic transport processes occurring within the Antarctic stratospheric vortex. These calculations show two distinct regions of…Taxonomic diversity gradients through geological time
1 January, 2001 by Alistair Crame
There is evidence from the fossil record to suggest that latitudinal gradients in taxonomic diversity may be time-invariant features, although almost certainly not on the same scale as that seen…Read more on Taxonomic diversity gradients through geological time
The tectonic history of the Ellsworth Mountains, West Antarctica: reconciling a Gondwana enigma
1 January, 2001
Early Paleozoic orogenesis has been recognized along the southern African (Saldanian orogeny) and East Antarctic (Ross orogeny) sectors of the Gondwana paleo- Pacific margin. However, the absence of a contemporaneous…Drilling for Antarctic Cenozoic climate and tectonic history at Cape Roberts, southwestern Ross Sea
1 January, 2001
Since the early 1990s, the Cape Roberts Project has been working to document, through sediment drilling, the proximal record of Antarctic ice sheet history and climate for the southwestern part…Palaeo-climatic and -biogeographical implications of Oligocene Ostracoda from CRP-2/2A and CRP-3 drillholes, Victoria Land basin, Antarctica
1 January, 2001
A total of eighteen species of marine ostracods, in at least twelve genera, have been recovered from Early and Late Oligocene glacio-marine sediments from boreholes CRP-3 and CRP-2/2A in the…Rutford Ice Stream, Antarctica
1 January, 2001 by Adrian Jenkins, Andy Smith, David Vaughan, Hugh Corr, Keith Makinson, Keith Nicholls
Rutford Ice Stream is in many ways a typical Antarctic outlet glacier. Constrained by a subglacial-bed trough to the east of the Ellsworth Mountains, it drains an area of 49,000…Decay of whistler-induced electron precipitation and cloud-ionosphere electrical discharge Trimpis: observations and analysis
1 January, 2001 by Mark Clilverd
There are two distinctly different causes of phase and amplitude perturbations of subionospheric VLF transmissions (termed “Trimpis”): (1) ionization enhancement in the ionospheric D region due to whistler-induced electron precipitation…Variations in condition indices of mackerel icefish at South Georgia from 1972 to 1997
1 January, 2001
Mackerel icefish (Cllanzpsocephal[~gsz rnnnvi) are widespread on the South Georgia shelf, Antarctica, and have been fished commercially since the early 1970s. They are known to feed predominantly on krill. An…Read more on Variations in condition indices of mackerel icefish at South Georgia from 1972 to 1997
Spawning locations of mackerel icefish at South Georgia
1 January, 2001
Historical information on the distribution of spawning and larval mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) within CCAMLR Subarea 48.3 (South Georgia and Shag Rocks) is assessed. This is considered alongside new data…Read more on Spawning locations of mackerel icefish at South Georgia
Gymnosperm woods from the Cretaceous (mid-Aptian) Cerro Negro Formation, Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, Antarctica: the arborescent vegetation of a volcanic arc
1 January, 2001
Silicified gymnosperm trunks usually more than 30 cm in diameter and several metres in length occur abundantly in the lower part of the mid-AptianCerroNegroFormation, which crops out on ByersPeninsula, LivingstonIsland,…Leaf phenology of some mid-Cretaceous polar forests, Alexander Island, Antarctica
1 January, 2001
The leaf longevity and seasonal timing of leaf abscission within a plant community is closely related to climate, a phenomenon referred to as leaf phenology. In this paper the leaf…Read more on Leaf phenology of some mid-Cretaceous polar forests, Alexander Island, Antarctica
Biodiversity and terrestrial ecology of a mid-Cretaceous, high-latitude floodplain, Alexander Island, Antarctica
1 January, 2001
The biodiversity and terrestrial ecology of the Late Albian Triton Point Formation (Fossil Bluff Group), Alexander Island, Antarctica is analysed to improve our understanding of polar biomes during the mid-Cretaceous…