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Physiological flexibility: the key to success and survival for Antarctic fairy shrimps in highly fluctuating extreme environments
1 January, 2004 by Lloyd Peck
1. The anostracan fairy shrimp Branchinecta gaini inhabits one of the most hostile environments on earth, living in pools and lakes in Antarctica. Between January 2002 and January 2003 temperatures…Movements and burrowing activity in the Antarctic bivalve molluscs Laternula elliptica and Yoldia eightsi
1 January, 2004 by Lloyd Peck
Burrowing was investigated in two Antarctic infaunal bivalve molluscs, Laternula elliptica and Yoldia eightsi, representing amongst the least and most active members of the class Bivalvia in the Southern Ocean.…Metabolic flexibility: the key to long-term evolutionary success in Bryozoa?
1 January, 2004 by David Barnes, Lloyd Peck
Oxygen consumption (MO2) and activity were evaluated in Antarctic Bryozoa. Three species representing two different morphologies, flat sheet, laminar forms, Isoseculiflustra tenuis and Kymella polaris, and the bush form Camptoplites…Read more on Metabolic flexibility: the key to long-term evolutionary success in Bryozoa?
Extreme sensitivity of biological function to temperature in Antarctic marine species
1 January, 2004 by Lloyd Peck
1. Biological capacities to respond to changing environments dictate success or failure of populations and species over time. The major environmental feature in this context is often temperature, and organisms…Read more on Extreme sensitivity of biological function to temperature in Antarctic marine species
A white-capped albatross, Thalassarche [cauta] steadi, at South Georgia: first confirmed record in the south-western Atlantic
1 January, 2004 by Richard Phillips
Although albatrosses typically show strong natal philopatry, a small proportion of birds emigrate to distant colonies, occasionally establishing new breeding sites and potentially initiating speciation events. Patterns of albatross distribution…Diet and long-term changes in population size and productivity of brown skuas Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi at Bird Island, South Georgia
1 January, 2004 by Richard Phillips
Breeding ecology of brown skuas (Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi) was studied at Bird Island, South Georgia in the austral summers of 2000/2001-2003/2004. A complete census recorded 467 breeding pairs in 3.55…Accuracy of geolocation estimates for flying seabirds
1 January, 2004 by Janet Silk, Richard Phillips, Vsevolod Afanasyev
Geolocation (Global Location Sensing or GLS logging) using archival light-recording tags offers considerable potential for tracking animal movements, yet few studies of flying seabirds have exploited this technology. Our study…Read more on Accuracy of geolocation estimates for flying seabirds
Seasonal sexual segregation in two Thalassarche albatross species: competitive exclusion, reproductive role specialization or trophic niche divergence?
1 January, 2004 by Janet Silk, Richard Phillips
Sexual segregation by micro- or macrohabitat is common in birds, and usually attributed to size-mediated dominance and exclusion of females by larger males, trophic niche divergence or reproductive role specialization.…Direct determination of mercury at the sub-picogram per gram level in polar snow and ice by ICP-SFMS
1 January, 2004 by Eric Wolff
An analytical method for the direct determination of mercury (Hg) in polar snow and ice cores and surface snow based on inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS) has…Rosemary: visually stunning
1 January, 2004 by Robert Larter
Antarctic shallow-water mega-epibenthos: shaped by circumpolar dispersion or local conditions?
1 January, 2004 by Andrew Clarke
The mega-epibenthos of two different geographic areas, the Antarctic Peninsula and the high Antarctic (eastern Weddell Sea), were investigated using underwater video. The distribution of the marine fauna at shallow…Cambrian palaeomagnetic data confirm a Natal Embayment location for the Ellsworth-Whitmore Mountains, Antarctica, in Gondwana reconstructions
1 January, 2004
The Ellsworth-Whitmore Mountains (EWM) are one of five terranes that form West Antarctica. Constraining the positions of these terranes in pre-break up Gondwana is crucial to understanding the history of…A reinterpretation of sea-salt records in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores?
1 January, 2004 by Eric Wolff, Robert Mulvaney
It has recently been shown that much sea-salt aerosol around the coast of Antarctica is generated not from open water, but from the surface of newly formed sea ice. Previous…Read more on A reinterpretation of sea-salt records in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores?
Vertical migration strategies with respect to advection and stratification in a semi-enclosed lough: a comparison of mero- and holozooplankton
1 January, 2004 by David Barnes
Patterns of zooplankton vertical movement are often difficult to interpret because of multiple, complex and confounding environmental factors. Behavioural adaptations to these environmental variables are compared within and between the…Widening the net: spatio-temporal variability in the krill population structure across the Scotia Sea
1 January, 2004
Resolving the spatial variability in the population structure of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) requires a synoptic sample, as in the design of the CCAMLR 2000 Survey. However, this approach is…Spatial distribution of predator/prey interactions in the Scotia Sea: implications for measuring predator/fisheries overlap
1 January, 2004
The measurement of spatial overlap between predators and fisheries exploiting a common prey source is dependent upon the measurement scale used; inappropriate scales may produce misleading results. Previous assessments of…Biomass and energy transfer to baleen whales in the South Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean
1 January, 2004 by Jonathan Watkins
Baleen whales are an important group of predators on Antarctic krill in the Southern Ocean. During the CCAMLR 2000 Survey to estimate the biomass and distribution of Antarctic krill, International…The dynamics of idealized katabatic flow over a moderate slope and ice shelf
1 January, 2004
A non-hydrostatic numerical weather prediction model has been employed to Simulate idealized katabatic flows over a moderate slope and adjoining ice shelf. The topography of Coats Land and the adjoining…Read more on The dynamics of idealized katabatic flow over a moderate slope and ice shelf
U-Pb zircon (SHRIMP) ages for the Lebombo rhyolites, South Africa: refining the duration of Karoo volcanism
1 January, 2004 by Philip Leat, Teal Riley
U-Pb SHRIMP ages are reported for three rhyolite flows from the Lebombo rift region of the Karoo volcanic province. Two flows are interbedded with the Sabie River Basalt Formation and…Investigating radiation belt losses though numerical modelling of precipitating fluxes
1 January, 2004 by Mark Clilverd
It has been suggested that whistler-induced electron precipitation (WEP) may be the most significant inner radiation belt loss process for some electron energy ranges. One area of uncertainty lies in…Read more on Investigating radiation belt losses though numerical modelling of precipitating fluxes
Testing the importance of precipitation loss mechanisms in the inner radiation belt
1 January, 2004 by Mark Clilverd
Manmade control of the radiation belts for the protection of space-based infrastructure has been suggested on the basis of theoretical calculations. In this paper we put forward an experimental test…Read more on Testing the importance of precipitation loss mechanisms in the inner radiation belt
Possible descent across the ‘Tropopause’ in Antarctic winter
1 January, 2004 by Howard Roscoe
Descent of air from stratosphere to troposphere in Antarctic winter is proposed to be feasible, because of forcing from above by subsidence plus wave-breaking, together with suction from below to…Read more on Possible descent across the ‘Tropopause’ in Antarctic winter
The influence of volcanic activity on large-scale atmospheric processes: continuing the discussion
1 January, 2004 by Howard Roscoe
Jodie Dunn is to be commended for her entertaining and well-researched article in Weather (Dunn 2004). However, some of the arguments deserve to be amplified, and they demonstrate interesting and…A review of stratospheric H2O and NO2
1 January, 2004 by Howard Roscoe
Twenty years ago there were large disagreements between instruments measuring stratospheric H2O and NO2, and there were no reliable long-term records. Now, there is greatly improved agreement between techniques, there…Possible long-term changes in stratospheric circulation: evidence from total ozone measurements at the edge of the Antarctic vortex in early winter
1 January, 2004 by Howard Roscoe, Jonathan Shanklin
Measurements of total ozone in Antarctica during early winter show an increase, consistent with the observed descent of stratospheric air and the convergence that accompanies descent. Measurements in the vortex…An examination of the precipitation delivery mechanisms for Dolleman Island, eastern Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 2004 by Gareth Marshall
The variability of size and source of significant precipitation events were studied at an Antarctic ice core drilling site: Dolleman Island (DI). located on the eastern coast of the Antarctic…Comprehensive 1000 year climatic history from an intermediate-depth ice core from the south dome of Berkner Island, Antarctica: methods, dating and first results
1 January, 2004 by Robert Mulvaney
A 181 m deep ice core drilled in 1994/95 on the south dome of Berkner Island, Antarctica, was analyzed for stable isotopes, major ions and microparticle concentrations. Samples for ion…Ice core evidence for the extent of past atmospheric CO2 change due to iron fertilisation
1 January, 2004 by Eric Wolff
An extended high-resolution ice core record of dust deposition over the past 60 ka from Dome C, Antarctica, is presented. The data are in conflict with the idea that changes…Salinity, depth and the structure and composition of microbial mats in continental Antarctic lakes
1 January, 2004 by Dominic Hodgson
1. Lakes and ponds in the Larsemann Hills and Bolingen Islands (East-Antarctica) were characterised by cyanobacteria-dominated, benthic microbial mats. A 56-lake dataset representing the limnological diversity among the more than…Meteoric marine and total ice thickness maps of Filchner-Ronne-Schelfeis, Antarctica
1 January, 2004
Mapping the geometry of the ice sheet is fundamental to many advanced investigations, e.g., on ice dynamics, mass balance, ice – ocean interaction, ice – atmosphere interaction, and ice body…Read more on Meteoric marine and total ice thickness maps of Filchner-Ronne-Schelfeis, Antarctica
Trophic-level interpretation based on delta15N values: implications of tissue-specific fractionation and amino acid composition
1 January, 2004
Stable nitrogen isotope ratios are routinely used to disentangle trophic relationships. Several authors have discussed factors in addition to diet that might contribute to variability in delta(15)N of consumers, but…Moult cycle-related changes in feeding rates of larval krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica and Thysanoessa spp
1 January, 2004 by Geraint Tarling
Knowledge of crustacean moulting is derived mainly from benthic decapods, which often show profound changes in physiology and behaviour through the moult cycle. In contrast, euphausiids are suggested to be…Diurnal variability of subglacial drainage conditions as revealed by tracer experiments
1 January, 2004 by Hilmar Gudmundsson
The morphology of the drainage system of Unteraargletscher, Switzerland, and the diurnal variability of drainage conditions were investigated by conducting a series of tracer tests over a number of discharge…Read more on Diurnal variability of subglacial drainage conditions as revealed by tracer experiments
Longitudinal variability of mesospheric temperatures during equinox at middle and high latitudes
1 January, 2004
Airglow emission and temperature observations by the wind imaging interferometer (WINDII) on the upper atmosphere research satellite (UARS) and ground-based stations revealed a rapid 2-day rise in the nighttime emission…Krill demography and large-scale distribution in the southwest Atlantic during January/February 2000
1 January, 2004 by Jonathan Watkins, Peter Ward
This paper summarizes the results of krill demographic studies from the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources 2000 Survey-a large-scale krill survey across the Scotia Sea conducted…Subglacial Lake Ellsworth: a candidate for in situ exploration in West Antarctica
1 January, 2004 by Andy Smith, Ed King, Hugh Corr, Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
Radio-echo sounding reveals a 10 km-long lake beneath similar to3.4 km of ice near the Ellsworth Mountains in West Antarctica, 20 km from the ice divide. Subglacial Lake Ellsworth is…Read more on Subglacial Lake Ellsworth: a candidate for in situ exploration in West Antarctica
Ice flow direction change in interior West Antarctica
1 January, 2004 by Ed King
Upstream of Byrd Station (West Antarctica), ice-penetrating radar data reveal a distinctive fold structure within the ice, in which isochronous layers are unusually deep. The fold has an axis more…Read more on Ice flow direction change in interior West Antarctica
Global and hemispheric climate variations affecting the Southern Ocean
1 January, 2004 by John King
The hemispheric and regional atmospheric circulation influences the Southern Ocean in many and profound ways, including intense air-sea fluxes of momentum, energy, fresh water and dissolved gases. The Southern Ocean…Read more on Global and hemispheric climate variations affecting the Southern Ocean
Meteor radar observations at middle and Arctic latitudes. Part 1: Mean temperatures
1 January, 2004
Observations with a Meteor radar operating at 32.55 MHz have been used to derive daily atmospheric temperature data for an altitude of 90 km at mid-latitudes during November 1999 until…Read more on Meteor radar observations at middle and Arctic latitudes. Part 1: Mean temperatures
Frazil ice formation in an ice shelf water plume
1 January, 2004 by Adrian Jenkins
[1] We present a model for the growth of frazil ice crystals and their accumulation as marine ice at the base of Antarctic ice shelves. The model describes the flow…Read more on Frazil ice formation in an ice shelf water plume
Ground observations of chorus following geomagnetic storms
1 January, 2004 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne
[1] It has been suggested that whistler mode chorus waves play a role in acceleration and loss of radiation belt electrons during geomagnetic storms. In this paper we present data…Read more on Ground observations of chorus following geomagnetic storms
Differences in ground-observed chorus in geomagnetic storms with and without enhanced relativistic electron fluxes
1 January, 2004 by Nigel Meredith
[ 1] It has been suggested that whistler mode chorus waves play a role in the acceleration and loss of radiation belt electrons during geomagnetic storms. In a previous statistical…Mitochondrial DNA sequence evidence supporting the recognition of a new North Atlantic Pseudostichopus species (Echinodermata : Holothuroidea)
1 January, 2004
A new species of the synallactid sea cucumber genus Pseudostichopus is described, P. aemaulatus sp. nov., based on genetic (DNA sequences of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase I [COI] gene)…Evidence for hydrothermal venting and sediment volcanism discharged after recent short-lived volcanic eruptions at Deception Island, Bransfield Strait, Antarctica
1 January, 2004
The results of a combined geophysical and geochemical research programme on Deception Island, an active volcano at 62degrees43'S, 60degrees57'W in Bransfield Strait (Antarctica), are presented. Ultrahigh-resolution acoustic data obtained with…Atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry of the ultraviolet screening pigment scytonemin: characteristic fragmentations
1 January, 2004 by Dominic Hodgson
Atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/multistage mass spectrometry has been used to study the mass spectral fragmentation of the cyanobacterial sheath pigment scytonemin and its reduced counterpart. The…Identification of bacteriophaeophytin a esterified with geranylgeraniol in an Antarctic lake sediment
1 January, 2004 by Dominic Hodgson
Bacteriophaeophytin a with geranylgeraniol as the C-17(3) esterifying alcohol has been identified in a sediment from Progress Lake, east Antarctica by using atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. This…Structures and profiles of novel sulfur-linked chlorophyll derivatives in an Antarctic lake sediment
1 January, 2004 by Dominic Hodgson
High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry has permitted the identification of a homologous series of novel alkylsulfide derivatives of chlorophyll a containing between one and five carbon atoms, in sediment from…A critical assessment of the analysis and distributions of scytonemin and related UV screening pigments in sediments
1 January, 2004 by Dominic Hodgson
High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry has been used to identify the cyanophyta-derived ultraviolet screening pigment scytonemin and its reduced counterpart in an Antarctic lake sediment. The formation of an artefact…Cold hardiness in Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): glycerol content, hexose monophosphate shunt activity, and antioxidative defense system
1 January, 2004 by Roger Worland
Many insects in temperate regions overwinter in diapause, during which they are cold hardy. In these insects, one of the metabolic adaptations to the unfavorable environmental conditions is the synthesis…Variability in milk fatty acids: recreating a foraging trip to test dietary predictions in Antarctic fur seals
1 January, 2004 by Iain Staniland
Using Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella (Peters, 1875)) in a feeding trial, we investigated the use of milk fatty acids to determine diet. In a regime designed to replicate an…Comparing individual and spatial influences on foraging behaviour in Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella
1 January, 2004 by Iain Staniland
We investigated intra-specific and geographic variation in the behaviour of female Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella by serially sampling 11 individuals throughout their breeding season using satellite tracking, time-depth recorders…Aquatic plant microfossils of probable non-vascular origin from the Ballagan Formation (Lower Carboniferous), Midland Valley, Scotland
1 January, 2004
Seven previously undescribed palynomorphs, Brazilea sp. B, ?Carbaneuletes sp. A, ?Reduviasporonites sp. and Algal palynomorph spp. 1 to 4, some of which are closely similar to the spores and filaments…Short-term variations in glacier flow controlled by subglacial water pressure at Lauteraargletscher, Bernese Alps, Switzerland
1 January, 2004 by Hilmar Gudmundsson
Short-term variations in horizontal and vertical surface motion were studied with high temporal resolution during the ablation season in Lauteraargletscher, Bernese Alps, Switzerland. Horizontal surface flow speed oscillated diurnally, showing…Modeling outer-zone relativistic electron response to whistler-mode chorus activity during substorms
1 January, 2004 by Richard Horne
Understanding the behavior of relativistic electrons in the Earth's outer radiation belt during substorms and storms is a current challenge in magnetospheric physics. In this paper, we model energetic electron…The interaction of phage and biofilms
1 January, 2004 by Kevin Hughes
Biofilms present complex assemblies of micro-organisms attached to surfaces. They are dynamic structures in which various metabolic activities and interactions between the component cells occur. When phage come in contact…Krill-feeding behaviour in a chinstrap penguin Pygoscelis antarctica compared with fish-eating in Magellanic penguins Spheniscus magellanicus: a pilot study
1 January, 2004 by Philip Trathan
Inferring feeding activities from undulations in diving depth profiles is widespread in studies of foraging marine predators. This idea, however, has rarely been tested because of practical difficulties in obtaining…Penguin-mounted cameras glimpse underwater group behaviour
1 January, 2004 by Michael Dunn, Philip Trathan
Marine birds and mammals spend most of their lives in the open ocean far from human observation, which makes obtaining information about their foraging behaviour difficult. Here, we show, by…Read more on Penguin-mounted cameras glimpse underwater group behaviour
Winter distribution and behaviour of gentoo penguins Pygoscelis papua at South Georgia
1 January, 2004 by Philip Trathan
Knowledge of the spatial and temporal dynamics of foraging penguins is important to our understanding of the Southern Ocean marine ecosystem. We use satellite tracking to provide the first data…Read more on Winter distribution and behaviour of gentoo penguins Pygoscelis papua at South Georgia
Life-cycle phenotypic composition and mortality of Calanoides acutus (Copepoda: Calanoida) in the Scotia Sea: a modelling approach
1 January, 2004 by Geraint Tarling, Peter Ward
A modelling approach was developed to identify the most likely composition of life-cycle phenotypes and mortality rates for Calanoides acutus found within the Scotia Sea. A stage- and age-structured model…An evaluation of two spatial interpolation techniques in global sea-surface temperature reconstructions: Last Glacial Maximum and Pliocene case studies
1 January, 2004
Global estimates of sea-surface temperature (SST) distributions represent an important prescribed boundary condition for atmosphere-only general circulation models (AGCMs) which aim to Simulate the behaviour of the past climate system.…Tracking passive drifters in a high resolution ocean model: implications for interannual variability of larval krill transport to South Georgia
1 January, 2004 by Sally Thorpe
A particle tracking scheme that uses velocity output from an interannually varying forced run of a global ocean circulation model (Parallel Ocean Climate Model; POCM_4C) allows variability in the transport…Tissue distribution of retinoids in common dolphins Delphinus delphis
1 January, 2004 by Jaume Forcada
Exposure to organochlorines induces retinoid deficiency in mammals; hence, retinoids are potential biomarkers of the impact of these pollutants. Appropriate target tissues to monitor retinoids in cetaceans have not been…Read more on Tissue distribution of retinoids in common dolphins Delphinus delphis
Retinoid and lipid patterns in the blubber of common dolphins (Delphinus delphis): implications for monitoring vitamin A status
1 January, 2004 by Jaume Forcada
We determined retinoid concentrations in various body positions of the blubber of 25 common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) to study topographical variation in concentrations. Specimens were obtained from incidental catches and…Image analysis of color aerial photography to estimate penguin population size
1 January, 2004 by Philip Trathan
Penguin populations are potentially sensitive indicators of ecological change in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic marine ecosystems. Aerial photographic surveys provide the most robust method for estimating breeding population size, particularly for…Read more on Image analysis of color aerial photography to estimate penguin population size
A new Snow-SVAT to simulate the accumulation and ablation of seasonal snow cover beneath a forest canopy
1 January, 2004
A new snow-soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer (Snow-SVAT) scheme, which simulates the accumulation and ablation of the snow cover beneath a forest canopy, is presented. The model was formulated by coupling a canopy…The relationship between variations of the atmospheric electric field in the southern polar region and thunderstorm activity
1 January, 2004
Observations of the atmospheric, near-surface vertical electric field component E-z have been carried out at the Russian-Antarctic station, Vostok, since 1998 under the framework of a cooperative Russian-Australian project. Only…Assessing the effects of low temperature on the establishment potential in Britain of the non-native biological control agent Eretmocerus eremicus
1 January, 2004 by Roger Worland
Eretmocerus eremicus is a parasitoid wasp that is not native to Britain. It is a biological control agent of glasshouse whitefly and has recently been released under licence in Britain…The El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Antarctica
1 January, 2004 by John Turner
This paper reviews our understanding of how the effects of the El Nino-southern oscillation (ENSO) might be transmitted from the tropical Pacific Ocean to the Antarctic, and examines the evidence…Read more on The El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Antarctica
The SCAR READER Project: toward a high-quality database of mean Antarctic meteorological observations
1 January, 2004 by Gareth Marshall, John Turner, Steve Colwell, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
A new dataset of monthly and annual mean near-surface climate data ( temperature, surface and mean sea level pressure, and wind speed) for the Antarctic region has been created using…Depositional and post-depositional history of warm stage deposits at Knocknacran, Co. Monaghan, Ireland: implications for preservation of Irish last interglacial deposits
1 January, 2004
Organic-rich deposits, uncovered during overburden removal from mantled gypsum karst at Knocknacran opencast gypsum mine, Co. Monaghan, are the best candidate to date for a last interglacial record in Ireland.…Imaging of firn isochrones across an Antarctic ice rise and implications for patterns of snow accumulation rate
1 January, 2004 by David Vaughan, John King
It has been an underlying assumption in many studies that near-surface layers imaged by ground-penetrating radar (GPR) can be interpreted as depositional markers or isochrones. It has been shown that…Quantifying habitat-specific diatom production: a critical assessment using morphological and biogeochemical markers in Antarctic marine and lake sediments
1 January, 2004 by Dominic Hodgson
Reconstructions of historical primary production, and of the algal groups and habitats that contribute to it, are fundamental in studies of climate and environmental change in both marine and freshwater…Coastal oceanographic conditions in the Prydz Bay region (East Antarctica) during the Holocene recorded in an isolation basin
1 January, 2004 by Dominic Hodgson
Information on East Antarctic coastal environments during the Holocene is relatively sparse. This is surprising as sedimentary records from the interface between land and sea can provide chronologies of climatic…Late Quaternary deglaciation and climate history of the Larsemann Hills (East Antarctica)
1 January, 2004 by Dominic Hodgson
The Late Quaternary climate history of the Larsemann Hills has been reconstructed using siliceous microfossils (diatoms, chrysophytes and silicoflagellates) in sediment cores extracted from three isolation lakes. Results show that…The dynamics of covering behaviour in dominant echinoid populations from American and European west coasts
1 January, 2004 by David Barnes
The so-called 'covering behaviour' of echinoids is known to vary with habitat according to the types of covering items available, but the full extent of the role played by habitat…Predation by great skuas at a large Shetland seabird colony
1 January, 2004 by Norman Ratcliffe, Richard Phillips
1. Skuas are top predators in marine ecosystems and may have detrimental effects on seabird communities they prey upon. However, predation rates are poorly understood and poorly quantified. Using a…Read more on Predation by great skuas at a large Shetland seabird colony
Changes in fisheries discard rates and seabird communities
1 January, 2004 by Richard Phillips
It is clear that discards from commercial fisheries are a key food resource for many seabird species around the world(1-8). But predicting the response of seabird communities to changes in…Read more on Changes in fisheries discard rates and seabird communities
Synchronicity in southern hemisphere squid stocks and the influence of the Southern Oscillation and Trans Polar Index
1 January, 2004 by Claire Waluda, Paul Rodhouse, Philip Trathan
Squid are short lived, with highly labile populations that respond rapidly to changes in environmental conditions. This makes them a good model for studying the response of recruitment processes to…Quantifying light-fishing for Dosidicus gigas in the Eastern Pacific using satellite remote sensing
1 January, 2004 by Claire Waluda, Paul Rodhouse
The distribution and abundance of the fleet targeting Jumbo flying squid (Dosidicus gigas) in the Eastern Pacific is examined during the 1999 fishery season. The commercial fishery consists of a…Mesozooplankton community structure in the Scotia Sea during the CCAMLR 2000 Survey: January-February 2000
1 January, 2004 by Huw Griffiths, Peter Ward
An analysis of mesozooplankton community structure in the Scotia Sea was carried out, based on 123 RMT1 double oblique hauls (0-200m) taken during the CCAMLR 2000 Survey. Standardized sample data…The CCAMLR 2000 Survey: a multinational, multi-ship biological oceanography survey of the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean.(Editorial)
1 January, 2004 by Jonathan Watkins
The CCAMLR 2000 Survey is the first large-scale multinational, multi-ship survey in the Southern Ocean since 1979/80. Conducted using strict method protocols and within a 32-day time frame it provides…Temporal and spatial components of variability in benthic recruitment, a 5-year temperate example
1 January, 2004 by David Barnes
Deployment of artificial substrata is a common method of investigating early community development and recruitment, but rarely are such experiments of long enough duration to include even year time scales.…Quantifying assemblage distinctness with time: an example using temperate epibenthos
1 January, 2004 by David Barnes
Artificial substrata are an often-used tool in assessing community development; here we quantify the changing presence of functional groups of benthos with replicate, depth, site, and time in order to…Read more on Quantifying assemblage distinctness with time: an example using temperate epibenthos
Cooling process recorded in subglacially erupted rhyolite glasses: rapid quenching, thermal buffering, and the formation of meltwater
1 January, 2004
The thermal histories of two subglacial rhyolite glasses from Torfajokull complex of south central Iceland have been determined from changes in the relaxation of enthalpy in the calorimetric glass transition…A Carboniferous necrophagous myodocopid ostracod from Derbyshire, England
1 January, 2004
A monospecific population of cypridinid ostracods (Myodocopida) has been recovered from an ammonoid-bearing concretion of Namurian (Kindescoutian, R1a-b) age in the Bowland Shale Formation of Central England. These deposits represent…Read more on A Carboniferous necrophagous myodocopid ostracod from Derbyshire, England
Structural variations in derivatives of the bacteriochlorophylls of Chlorobiaceae: impact of stratigraphic resolution on depth profiles as revealed by methanolysis
1 January, 2004 by Dominic Hodgson
Bacteriochlorophylls c and d, recovered from two sedimentary sequences, were converted to bacteriophaeophorbide methyl esters by methanolysis and analysed by atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation liquid chromatography-multi-stage mass spectrometry (APCI LC-MSn).…A customised GIS to aid Gondwana research
1 January, 2004
Geographical information Systems (GIS) provide tools for manipulating and analysing the large thematic datasets associated with Gondwana research. We have used a customised version of Environmental Systems Research Institute's ArcGIS,…Revealing Antarctica’s secrets
1 January, 2004 by Eric Wolff
In the clamour of predictions about future climate changes, it can be difficult to get hold of facts. However, by drilling ice cores from polar ice sheets and analysing them,…The EPICA challenge to the Earth system modeling community
1 January, 2004 by Eric Wolff
One of our major aims as Earth systems scientists is to predict how the Earth will behave in the future, particularly in the face of changes imposed upon it as…Read more on The EPICA challenge to the Earth system modeling community
Intracellular freezing and survival in the freeze tolerant alpine cockroach Celatoblatta quinquemaculata
1 January, 2004
The alpine cockroach Celatoblatta quinquemaculata is common at altitudes of around 1500 m on the Rock and Pillar range of Central Otago, New Zealand where it experiences freezing conditions in…Foraging ecology and interactions with fisheries of wandering albatrosses (Diomedea exulans) breeding at South Georgia
1 January, 2004 by Paul Rodhouse, Philip Trathan
Knowledge about the areas used by the foraging wandering albatross, Diomedea exulans, its prey and overlap with longline fisheries is important information not only for the conservation of this species…