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Disturbance, colonization and development of Antarctic benthic communities
1 January, 2007 by David Barnes
A decade has yielded much progress in understanding polar disturbance and community recovery—mainly through quantifying ice scour rates, other disturbance levels, larval abundance and diversity, colonization rates and response of…Read more on Disturbance, colonization and development of Antarctic benthic communities
Richness, abundance and shell use of subarctic and arctic hermit crabs
1 January, 2007 by David Barnes
Hermit crabs are an obvious, common and abundant feature of global shallow water environments but almost nothing is known of their ecology at their extreme latitudinal ranges, the Arctic and…Read more on Richness, abundance and shell use of subarctic and arctic hermit crabs
Growth rate and its variability in erect Antarctic bryozoans
1 January, 2007 by David Barnes, Katrin Linse
Climate is altering rapidly in parts of the Arctic and Antarctic but we know little about how marine organisms are responding to, or might respond to such changes. Knowledge of…Read more on Growth rate and its variability in erect Antarctic bryozoans
Are Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet grounding events manifest in sedimentary cycles on the adjacent continental rise?
1 January, 2007 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
The direct record of Late Miocene–Early Pliocene Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet expansions from a previously published seismostratigraphic study of the outer shelf at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1097 is compared…Application of liposome and stable isotope tracer techniques to study polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in marine zooplankton
1 January, 2007
We investigated the ability of four species of marine zooplankton to synthesize polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) during pulse-chase tracer experiments. Liposomes containing a deuterium labelled precursor fatty acid, D5-18:3n-3, were…Radar-derived bed roughness characterization of Institute and Möller ice streams, West Antarctica, and comparison with Siple Coast ice streams
1 January, 2007
Subglacial bed conditions exert a significant control on ice stream behavior and evolution, and can be characterized by determining bed roughness from FFT analysis of radar-imaged basal reflectors. Here we…Variations in behaviour and condition of a Southern Ocean top predator in relation to in situ oceanographic conditions
1 January, 2007 by Michael Meredith, Sally Thorpe
Responses by marine top predators to environmental variability have previously been almost impossible to observe directly. Using novel, animal-mounted instruments simultaneously recording movements, diving behaviour and in-situ oceanographic properties, we…Observations of OH and HO2 radicals in coastal Antarctica
1 January, 2007 by Anna Jones, Howard Roscoe
OH and HO2 radical concentrations have been measured in the boundary layer of coastal Antarctica for a six-week period during the austral summer of 2005. The measurements were performed at…Read more on Observations of OH and HO2 radicals in coastal Antarctica
Differential thermal adaptation of clonal strains of a protist morphospecies originating from different climatic zones
1 January, 2007
Eco-physiological variation and local adaptation are key issues in microbial ecology. Here, we investigated the thermal adaptation of 19 strains of the same Spumella morphospecies (Chrysophyceae, Heterokonta). In order to…Climate change effects on organic matter decomposition rates in ecosystems from the Maritime Antarctic and Falkland Islands
1 January, 2007 by Peter Convey
Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems have poorly developed soils and currently experience one of the greatest rates of climate warming on the globe. We investigated the responsiveness of organic matter decomposition in…External nutrient inputs into terrestrial ecosystems of the Falkland Islands and the Maritime Antarctic region
1 January, 2007 by Peter Convey
Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems are nutrient-poor and depend for their functioning in part on external nutrients. However, little is known about the relative importance of various sources. We measured external mineral…Food choice of Antarctic soil arthropods clarified by stable isotope signatures
1 January, 2007 by Peter Convey
Antarctic soil ecosystems are amongst the most simplified on Earth and include only few soil arthropod species, generally believed to be opportunistic omnivorous feeders. Using stable isotopic analyses, we investigated…Read more on Food choice of Antarctic soil arthropods clarified by stable isotope signatures
The effect of environmental change on vascular plant and cryptogam communities from the Falkland Islands and the Maritime Antarctic
1 January, 2007 by Peter Convey
Background: Antarctic terrestrial vegetation is subject to one of the most extreme climates on Earth. Currently, parts of Antarctica are one of the fastest warming regions on the planet. During…Modeling the propagation characteristics of chorus using CRRES suprathermal electron fluxes
1 January, 2007 by Nigel Meredith
In the present paper, phase space density functions of the form f(v) = A N /v n are fitted to statistical distributions of suprathermal electron fluxes (E = 0.213–16.5 keV)…Energetic cost of synthesizing proteins in Antarctic limpet, Nacella concinna (Strebel, 1908), is not temperature dependent
1 January, 2007 by Andrew Clarke, Lloyd Peck
The energetic cost of protein synthesis is thought to account for a significant proportion of total metabolism. However, attempts to estimate the energetic cost of synthesizing proteins have resulted in…Geomorphological signature and flow dynamics of The Minch palaeo-ice stream, NW Scotland
1 January, 2007 by Robert Larter
Large-scale streamlined glacial landforms are identified in 11 areas of northwest Scotland, from the Isle of Skye in the south to the Butt of Lewis in the north. These ice-directional…The biodiversity of the deep Southern Ocean benthos
1 January, 2007 by Katrin Linse
Our knowledge of the biodiversity of the Southern Ocean (SO) deep benthos is scarce. In this review, we describe the general biodiversity patterns of meio-, macro- and megafaunal taxa, based…Read more on The biodiversity of the deep Southern Ocean benthos
First insights into the biodiversity and biogeography of the Southern Ocean deep sea
1 January, 2007 by Katrin Linse
Shallow marine benthic communities around Antarctica show high levels of endemism, gigantism, slow growth, longevity and late maturity, as well as adaptive radiations that have generated considerable biodiversity in some…Read more on First insights into the biodiversity and biogeography of the Southern Ocean deep sea
Isolation of diverse viable fungi from the larvae of the introduced chironomid Eretmoptera murphyi on Signy Island
1 January, 2007
The chironimid midge Eretmoptera murphyi has been introduced to Signy Island and has since become established at a single site. Viable propagules of a diverse range of micro-fungi were recovered…Introduction or stimulation? The association of Stropharia aurantiaca with bark and wood-chip mulches
1 January, 2007
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers ST1 and ST2 were designed for the specific amplification of ribosomal DNA from Stropharia aurantiaca, and a nested PCR method was developed for the detection…The cyanobacterial community of polygon soils at an inland Antarctic nunatak
1 January, 2007 by David Pearce, Peter Convey
Inland Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity are poorly understood in comparison with Antarctic coastal regions. Microorganisms, as primary colonists, are integral to Antarctic soil ecosystem development, essential for pedogenesis and…Read more on The cyanobacterial community of polygon soils at an inland Antarctic nunatak
Gametogenesis and gonad mass cycles in the common circumpolar Antarctic echinoid Sterechinus neumayeri
1 January, 2007 by Lloyd Peck
Polar conditions (low and stable seawater temperature coupled with highly seasonal primary productivity) constrain reproduction in benthic invertebrates. The reproductive cycle of the common Antarctic sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri was…Life in the fast lane: The free-ranging activity, heart rate and metabolism of an Antarctic fish tracked in temperate waters
1 January, 2007 by Lloyd Peck
The fish species Notothenia angustata inhabits temperate waters (10 °C), yet retains physiological traits that show it once existed at sub-zero temperatures. We determined the free-ranging activity, heart rate and…Contributions to accelerating atmospheric CO2 growth from economic activity, carbon intensity, and efficiency of natural sinks
1 January, 2007
The growth rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), the largest human contributor to human-induced climate change, is increasing rapidly. Three processes contribute to this rapid increase. Two of these processes…Persistence of duplicated PAC1 receptors in the teleost, Sparus auratus
1 January, 2007 by Melody Clark
Background: Duplicated genes are common in vertebrate genomes. Their persistence is assumed to be either a consequence of gain of novel function (neofunctionalisation) or partitioning of the function of the…Read more on Persistence of duplicated PAC1 receptors in the teleost, Sparus auratus
An assessment of the polar HOx photochemical budget based on 2003 Summit Greenland field observations
1 January, 2007
An interpretative modeling analysis is conducted to simulate the diurnal variations in OH and HO2 + RO2 observed at Summit, Greenland in 2003. The main goal is to assess the…Interannual to diurnal variability in the near-surface scattering layer in Drake Passage
1 January, 2007 by Geraint Tarling
Backscattering strength was estimated from 127 shipboard surveys with an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) made during Drake Passage transits from 1999 to 2004. The backscattering strength is used to…A decade of the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN): scientific achievements, new techniques and future directions
1 January, 2007 by Gareth Chisham, Mervyn Freeman, Michael Pinnock
The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) has been operating as an international co-operative organisation for over 10 years. The network has now grown so that the fields of view…Spatial and temporal variability across life’s hierarchies in the terrestrial Antarctic
1 January, 2007 by Peter Convey
Antarctica and its surrounding islands lie at one extreme of global variation in diversity. Typically, these regions are characterized as being species poor and having simple food webs. Here, we…Read more on Spatial and temporal variability across life’s hierarchies in the terrestrial Antarctic
Statistical relations between the probability of occurrence of Pc3-4 pulsations at high latitudes in the Antarctic regions and the solar wind and IMF parameters
1 January, 2007
Geomagnetic pulsation in the Pc3–4 bands have been studied at high Antarctic latitudes during the local summer. The statistical relation between the occurrence probability of Pc3 and Pc4 pulsations and…Delayed arm regeneration in the Antarctic brittlestar Ophionotus victoriae
1 January, 2007 by Lloyd Peck, Melody Clark
We describe the levels of natural arm damage in the Antarctic brittle star Ophionotus victoriae and the rate of arm regeneration over the period of 1 yr, as measured in…Read more on Delayed arm regeneration in the Antarctic brittlestar Ophionotus victoriae
Surviving extreme polar winters by desiccation: clues from Arctic springtail (Onychiurus arcticus) EST libraries
1 January, 2007 by Michael Thorne, Roger Worland, Melody Clark
Background Ice, snow and temperatures of -14°C are conditions which most animals would find difficult, if not impossible, to survive in. However this exactly describes the Arctic winter, and the…How well do we know the Antarctic marine fauna? A preliminary study of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in Southern Ocean gastropod and bivalve molluscs
1 January, 2007 by Andrew Clarke, David Barnes, Huw Griffiths, Alistair Crame, Katrin Linse
The aim of this study was to use data for gastropod and bivalve molluscs to determine whether the fauna of the Southern Ocean is sufficiently well known to establish robust…Introduction. Antarctic ecology from genes to ecosystems: the impact of climate change and the importance of scale
1 January, 2007 by Andrew Clarke, Eugene Murphy, Nadine Johnston
Antarctica offers a unique natural laboratory for undertaking fundamental research on the relationship between climate, evolutionary processes and molecular adaptation. The fragmentation of Gondwana and the development of wide-scale glaciation…Climate change and the marine ecosystem of the western Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 2007 by Andrew Clarke, David Barnes, Eugene Murphy, John King, Lloyd Peck, Michael Meredith
The Antarctic Peninsula is experiencing one of the fastest rates of regional climate change on Earth, resulting in the collapse of ice shelves, the retreat of glaciers and the exposure…Read more on Climate change and the marine ecosystem of the western Antarctic Peninsula
Longitudinal and seasonal variations in plasmaspheric electron density: Implications for electron precipitation
1 January, 2007 by Mark Clilverd, Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
The tilt and offset of the Earth's magnetic field can significantly affect the longitudinal and seasonal distribution of electron density in the plasmasphere. Here we show that for the solar…Energetic particle precipitation into the middle atmosphere triggered by a coronal mass ejection
1 January, 2007 by Mark Clilverd
Precipitation of relativistic electrons into the atmosphere has been suggested as the primary loss mechanism for radiation belt electrons during large geomagnetic storms. Here we investigate the geographical spread of…Interplanetary transfer of photosynthesis: an experimental demonstration of a selective dispersal filter in planetary island biogeography
1 January, 2007 by David Pearce
We launched a cryptoendolithic habitat, made of a gneissic impactite inoculated with Chroococcidiopsis sp., into Earth orbit. After orbiting the Earth for 16 days, the rock entered the Earth's atmosphere…Management of a respiratory emergency in the Antarctic winter: A case of foreign body aspiration
1 January, 2007
We report on a case of left main bronchus occlusion by an inhaled foreign body at a remote Antarctic scientific base during the austral winter. We present the dilemmas of…Distribution and diet of juvenile Patagonian toothfish on the South Georgia and Shag Rocks shelves (Southern Ocean)
1 January, 2007 by Martin Collins, Mark Belchier
The distribution and diet of juvenile (An Antarctic assessment of IPCC AR4 coupled models
1 January, 2007 by Thomas Bracegirdle
We assess 19 coupled models from the IPCC fourth assessment report archive from the simulation of the 20th century, based on the calculation of " skill scores.'' The models show…Read more on An Antarctic assessment of IPCC AR4 coupled models
Influences on and origins of terrestrial biodiversity of the sub-Antarctic islands
1 January, 2007 by Peter Convey
The "sub-Antarctic" is a region of the planet characterised by small and extremely isolated island landmasses set in the vastness and harsh conditions of the Southern Ocean. Although there is…Read more on Influences on and origins of terrestrial biodiversity of the sub-Antarctic islands
Naupliar development times and survival of the copepods Calanus helgolandicus and Calanus finmarchicus in relation to food and temperature
1 January, 2007
We measured egg hatching tunes and stage specific naupliar development tinges of the key calanoid copepods Calanus helgolandicus and C. finmarchicus in response to temperature, food quantity and food type.…Behaviour affects local-scale distributions of Antarctic krill around South Georgia
1 January, 2007 by Geraint Tarling
Antarctic krill Euphausia superba are key to most Antarctic ecosystems, particularly at South Georgia, where penguins and seals rely on them for their breeding success each summer. Changes in krill…Read more on Behaviour affects local-scale distributions of Antarctic krill around South Georgia
Weight loss during breeding is adaptive for female macaroni penguins, Eudyptes chrysolophus
1 January, 2007 by Geraint Tarling, Philip Trathan
Question: How does the female macaroni penguin balance her own needs with those of her chick during breeding? Features of the model: We model the behaviour of female macaroni penguins…New Quaternary sedimentary records from near the Larsen C and former Larsen B ice shelves; evidence for Holocene stability
1 January, 2007
Glacial and post-glacial shelf sedimentation near the Larsen C and former Larsen B ice shelves is compared to records from ice shelves farther north, which underwent mid-Holocene retreat. A core…Main Andean sinistral shear along the Cooper Bay Dislocation Zone, South Georgia?
1 January, 2007
The Cooper Bay Dislocation Zone (CBDZ) represents a major NW-SE trending tectonic boundary within the island of South Georgia that juxtaposes components of a Middle Jurassic to mid-Cretaceous island-arc and…Read more on Main Andean sinistral shear along the Cooper Bay Dislocation Zone, South Georgia?
Potential impact of changes in river nutrient supply on global ocean biogeochemistry.
1 January, 2007
The growing world population increases the demand for water, energy, and land. This demand for natural resources impacts the transport of material and the supply of nutrients in the coastal…Read more on Potential impact of changes in river nutrient supply on global ocean biogeochemistry.
Antarctic marine biodiversity challenged by global change: the CAML/SCAR-MarBIN benchmark
1 January, 2007 by Paul Rodhouse
There is now undisputed evidence that climate change and modifications of the Earth system occurs, at faster rates in the polar regions. Among the many consequences we will be facing,…Low life in Low Lake, a freshwater pool at Commonwealth Bay, Antarctica
1 January, 2007 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
Low Lake, a freshwater pool at Cape Denison, Commonwealth Bay, Antarctica (67 degrees 20'40"S; 142 degrees 40'45 '' E) was sampled for protists and invertebrates. Forty species of protists were…Read more on Low life in Low Lake, a freshwater pool at Commonwealth Bay, Antarctica
From cradle to early grave: juvenile mortality in European shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis results from inadequate development of foraging proficiency
1 January, 2007 by Vsevolod Afanasyev
In most long-lived animal species, juveniles survive less well than adults. A potential mechanism is inferior foraging skills but longitudinal studies that follow the development of juvenile foraging are needed…Scaling and universality in rock fracture
1 January, 2007
We present a detailed statistical analysis of acoustic emission time series from laboratory rock fracture obtained from different experiments on different materials including acoustic emission controlled triaxial fracture and punch-through…Divergent flow of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet on the outer contintental shelf of the Amundsen Sea during the late Quaternary
1 January, 2007 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, James Smith, Robert Larter
Summary Understanding the past glacial history of regions undergoing potential rapid deglaciation is essential in order to estimate the possible threat of sea level rise. Recently acquired data have given…FP7: Research on climate change in polar environments must include effects on biota of both polar regions
1 January, 2007
Polar biology is on the threshold of a revolution based on new technologies (e.g. genomics, proteomics), which will greatly enhance our knowledge of polar ecosystems and their biodiversity. The broad…Revisiting Lévy flight search patterns of wandering albatrosses, bumblebees and deer
1 January, 2007 by Eugene Murphy, Mervyn Freeman, Richard Phillips, Vsevolod Afanasyev
The study of animal foraging behaviour is of practical ecological importance1, and exemplifies the wider scientific problem of optimizing search strategies2. Lévy flights are random walks, the step lengths of…Read more on Revisiting Lévy flight search patterns of wandering albatrosses, bumblebees and deer
Diversity and species distribution of polychaetes, isopods and bivalves in the Atlantic sector of the deep Southern Ocean
1 January, 2007 by Katrin Linse
We examined deep-sea benthic data on polychaetes, isopods and bivalves from the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Samples were taken during the expeditions EASIZ II (1998), ANDEEP I and…Seasonal variation in the correlation of airglow temperature and emission rate
1 January, 2007
The hydroxyl (OH) rotational temperature and band emission rate have been derived using year-round, ground-based measurements of the infrared OH nightglow from Sweden from 1991 to 2002. Recent work has…Read more on Seasonal variation in the correlation of airglow temperature and emission rate
Improving acoustic estimates of krill: experience from repeat sampling of northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) in Gullmarsfjord, Sweden
1 January, 2007 by Geraint Tarling
A series of eight replicated acoustic surveys, four by day and four by night, was undertaken in Gullmarsfjord on the Swedish west coast during two 24-h periods on 8 and…Airborne geophysics as a tool for geoscientific research in Antarctica: some recent examples
1 January, 2007 by Fausto Ferraccioli, Philip Leat, Tom Jordan
The polar regions play an important role in Earth's geodynamic and climatic systems. Modern airborne geophysical surveys combine radio-echo sounding, aeromagnetic and aerogravity methods to explore the geology of these…Exploring under the East Antarctic Ice Sheet with new aerogeophysical surveys over the Wilkes Subglacial Basin, the Transantarctic Mountains and Dome C
1 January, 2007 by Carl Robinson, Fausto Ferraccioli, Hugh Corr, Tom Jordan
As we enter the IPY geological boundary conditions for the stability of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) remain largely unknown. During the 2005/06 field season a major new aerogeophysical…New aerogeophysical survey targets the extent of the West Antarctic Rift System over Ellsworth Land
1 January, 2007 by David Vaughan, Fausto Ferraccioli, Hugh Corr, Tom Jordan
The West Antarctic Ice Sheet is currently undergoing rapid change in particular over the Amundsen Sea Embayment (ASE). Previous aerogeophysical investigations over the Ross Sea Embayment reveal that the underlying…The redevelopment of Rothera Research Station
1 January, 2007 by Dave Ingham
The British Antarctic Survey(BAS) is implementing a phased approach to completely redevelop Rothera Research Station, with the first phase currently work in progress. BAS operates five major research stations and…Community structure and grazing impact of mesozooplankton during late spring/early summer 2004/2005 in the vicinity of the Crozet Islands (Southern Ocean)
1 January, 2007 by Peter Ward, Sophie Fielding
Net sampling within the vicinity of the Crozet archipelago, in the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean, was conducted during late spring/summer (November 2004-January 2005) to describe the composition,…Reconstruction of millennial changes in dust emission, transport and regional sea ice coverage using the deep EPICA ice cores from the Atlantic and Indian Ocean sector of Antarctica
1 January, 2007 by Eric Wolff, Robert Mulvaney
Continuous sea salt and mineral dust aerosol records have been studied on the two EPICA (European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica) deep ice cores. The joint use of these…