Showing 11500 items
1 January, 2008 by Gareth Marshall, John Turner
Although both the Arctic and Antarctic are subject to a similar annual cycle of solar radiation and the same increasing greenhouse gas concentrations, over the previous two decades the two…Read more on The Arctic and Antarctic: two faces of climate change
1 January, 2008
With global land and sea temperatures rising, the importance of accurate monitoring of the world's ice sheets is increasing. Satellite radar altimetry can be used to measure elevation changes of…Read more on Greenland: Bringing together remote sensing and fieldwork.
1 January, 2008
Compilation of existing population data through the 1999/2000 season for Northern Giant Petrels Macronectes halli and Southern Giant Petrels M. giganteus indicates that the total breeding population of Northern Giant…1 January, 2008 by Carlos Martin Garcia, Hilmar Gudmundsson, Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
We present the results of the first ice sheet model intercomparison project for higher-order and full-Stokes ice sheet models. These models are compared and verified in a series of six…Read more on Benchmark experiments for higher-order and full-Stokes ice sheet models (ISMIP-HOM)
1 January, 2008 by David Pearce
Seven independent clone libraries were constructed to study the biodiversity of the bacterioplankton in the surface waters around Southern Thule, South Sandwich Islands, in order to identify the species present,…1 January, 2008 by Lloyd Peck
Animals can respond in three main ways to environments that change and deteriorate. They can cope with their inherent physiological flexibility, evolve or adapt to new conditions, or migrate away…1 January, 2008 by Lloyd Peck, Melody Clark
Cold-blooded Antarctic marine species are highly stenothermal and possibly the most temperature-sensitive group on Earth. Studies to date have produced upper lethal temperatures in the range of 4 to 10…1 January, 2008 by Mervyn Freeman
Collisionless magnetic reconnection requires the violation of ideal MHD by various kinetic-scale effects. Recent research has highlighted the potential importance of wave-particle interactions by showing that Vlasov simulations of unstable…Read more on Nonlinear dependence of ion-acoustic anomalous resistivity on electron drift velocity
1 January, 2008 by Janet Silk, Richard Phillips
1. A wide range of instrumentation has been deployed on albatrosses and petrels at Bird Island, South Georgia, in studies dating back to the mid-1980s. Early results indicated the huge…1 January, 2008 by Claire Allen
During the past ten years, the Antarctic Peninsula has been identified as the most rapidly warming region of the Southern Hemisphere and it is important to place this warming in…1 January, 2008 by Richard Horne
Various types of plasma waves have profound effects on acceleration and scattering of radiation belt particles. For the purposes of radiation belt modeling it is necessary to know statistical distributions…1 January, 2008
The hydrothermal vent zoarcid fish Thermarces cerberus is a top predator that inhabits deep-sea hydrothermal vents on the East Pacific Rise (EPR). Bacterial chemoautotrophy at these sites supports abundant animal…1 January, 2008 by Keith Nicholls
Melt water from the floating ice shelves at the margins of the southeastern Weddell Sea makes a significant contribution to the fresh water budget of the region. In February 2005…1 January, 2008 by Peter Convey
Aim. To identify Antarctic palaeoendemic taxa and their probable glacial refugia from regional groups of endemic species records. Location. Antarctica. Methods. We compiled a list of Antarctic non-marine invertebrates from…Read more on Surviving out in the cold: Antarctic endemic invertebrates and their refugia
1 January, 2008 by Michael Thorne, Roger Worland, Melody Clark
The physiology of the Antarctic microarthropod, Cryptopygus antarcticus, has been well studied, particularly with regard to its ability to withstand low winter temperatures. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon…1 January, 2008
We quantify the relative roles of natural and anthropogenic influences on the growth rate of atmospheric CO2 and the CO2 airborne fraction, considering both interdecadal trends and interannual variability. A…1 January, 2008 by Richard Phillips
This study examined divergence in the foraging distribution, at-sea behaviour and provisioning strategies of a small procellarid, the Cook’s petrel Pterodroma cookii, during chick-rearing at 2 islands off New Zealand,…1 January, 2008 by Eric Wolff
In situ measurements of dimethyl sulphide (DMS) and methane sulphonic acid (MSA) were made at Halley Station, Antarctica (75 degrees 35' S, 26 degrees 19' W) during February 2004-February 2005…1 January, 2008
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a kinetically and thermodynamically stable molecule. It is easily formed by the oxidation of organic molecules, during combustion or respiration, but is difficult to reduce. The…Read more on Reversible interconversion of carbon dioxide and formate by an electroactive enzyme
1 January, 2008 by Eugene Murphy
1. Implementing an ecosystem approach to fisheries management requires an effective ecosystem monitoring programme, the utility of which depends upon its ability (measured by the statistical power) to detect effects…1 January, 2008 by Howard Roscoe
The UV-visible Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS) instrument onboard Envisat performs nighttime measurements of ozone, NO2, NO3 and of the aerosol extinction, using the stellar occultation method.…1 January, 2008 by Richard Phillips
Whilst we have now a good understanding how past glaciation influenced species at the northern hemisphere, our knowledge of patterns and modes of speciation is far more limited for the…1 January, 2008 by Dominic Hodgson, James Smith, Stephen Roberts
The Antarctic Peninsula has experienced a dramatic increase in temperature and the loss of ca. 14,000 km2 of ice-shelf area in recent years. During this time George VI Ice Shelf…1 January, 2008 by Mark Clilverd
For some time theoretical modeling has shown that electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves should play an important role in the loss of relativistic electrons from the radiation belts, through precipitation…1 January, 2008 by Mark Clilverd
For many years it has been suggested that transient luminous events (TLE) occurring over thunderstorms may produce significant modifications to neutral atmospheric chemistry. Some have speculated that large ionisation increases…1 January, 2008 by Mark Clilverd
The Carrington event of August/September 1859 was the most significant solar proton event (SPE) of the last 450 years, about four times larger than the solar proton fluence of the…Read more on Atmospheric impact of the Carrington event solar protons
1 January, 2008 by Paul Rodhouse
Over the last four decades, several ommastrephid squid stocks have shown rapid expansion and contraction, driving highly variable and sometimes boom and bust fisheries. These include Illex illecebrosus in the…1 January, 2008 by Alexandra Weiss
The Mesoscale Alpine Programme's Riviera project investigated the turbulence structure and related exchange processes in an Alpine valley by combining a detailed experimental campaign with high-resolution numerical modelling. The present…1 January, 2008 by Eric Wolff, Louise Sime
The many different proxy records from the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) Dome C ice core allow for the first time a comparison of nine glacial terminations…Read more on The Southern Hemisphere at glacial terminations: insights from the Dome C ice core
1 January, 2008 by Eric Wolff
To improve quantitative interpretation of ice core aeolian dust records, a systematic methodological comparison was made. This involved methods for water-insoluble particle counting (Coulter counter and laser-sensing particle detector), soluble…Read more on Proxies and measurement techniques for mineral dust in Antarctic ice cores
1 January, 2008 by Anna Jones, Howard Roscoe
A one-dimensional chemical transport model has been developed to investigate the vertical gradients of bromine and iodine compounds in the Antarctic coastal boundary layer (BL). The model has been applied…1 January, 2008 by Anna Jones, Eric Wolff
Gas phase formaldehyde concentrations were measured during the 2004-2005 CHABLIS campaign at Halley research station, Antarctica. Data coverage span from May 2004 through to January 2005, thus capturing the majority…1 January, 2008
Aim To produce a robust, comprehensive global biome reconstruction for the Middle Pliocene (c. 3.6–2.6 Ma), which is based on an internally consistent palaeobotanical data set and a state-of-the-art coupled…Read more on A new global biome reconstruction and data-model comparison for the Middle Pliocene
1 January, 2008 by Chester Sands, Katrin Linse, Peter Convey, Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes, Will Goodall-Copestake
Phylum Tardigrada consists of similar to 1000 tiny, hardy metazoan species distributed throughout terrestrial, limno-terrestrial and oceanic habitats. Their phylogenetic status has been debated, with current evidence placing them in…1 January, 2008 by Dominic Hodgson
Since European settlement began over 200 years ago, many southeast Australian coastal lakes and lagoons have experienced substantial human impacts, including nutrient enrichment. Present day management and conservation efforts are…1 January, 2008 by Huw Griffiths
The Antarctic gastropod Dickdellia labioflecta (Dell, 1990) (originally described as Laevilittorina (Corneolittorina) labioflecta) is an obligate parasite of pycnogonids, which exploits their body fluids through the cuticular gland holes (Lehmann…1 January, 2008 by Howard Roscoe
Iodine species in the troposphere are linked to ozone depletion and new particle formation. In this study, a full year of iodine monoxide (IO) columns retrieved from measurements of the…Read more on Observations of iodine monoxide columns from satellite
1 January, 2008
Studies of post-mortem interval on the stability of RNA from a number of various mammals have shown RNA to be stable for between 24 and 48 h following death. As…Read more on Stability of RNA isolated from post-mortem tissues of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
1 January, 2008 by Mark Clilverd
The stratospheric and mesospheric impacts of the solar proton events of January 2005 are studied here using ion and neutral chemistry modeling and subionospheric radio wave propagation observations and modeling.…Read more on The effects of hard-spectra solar proton events on the middle atmosphere
1 January, 2008 by Nigel Meredith
In this paper, we focus on the modeling of radial transport in the Earth's outer radiation belt. A historical overview of the first observations of the radiation belts is presented,…1 January, 2008 by Nigel Meredith
This paper focuses on the modeling of local acceleration and loss processes in the outer radiation belt. We begin by reviewing the statistical properties of waves that violate the first…1 January, 2008 by Eric Wolff, Louise Sime
Results from an isotope-enabled general circulation model are presented in order to determine the isotopic signal of a warmer climate on Antarctica. The warming is forced using CO2 forecasts for…Read more on Antarctic isotopic thermometer during a CO2 forced warming event
1 January, 2008
Many shallow water polar communities demonstrate considerable change along a bathymetric gradient. However, it is currently unclear whether community change is generally continuous or discrete. To determine the nature of…1 January, 2008
Benthic communities in nearshore habitats around Antarctica are strongly influenced by ice disturbance. It has been suggested that where ice scour disturbance is severe, the relative importance of certain ecological…1 January, 2008
Studies from temperate and tropical regions have shown that variability in the distribution of benthos exists at different spatial scales. There are very few similar studies from polar systems, the…1 January, 2008 by David Barnes
Disturbance has always shaped the evolution and ecology of organisms and nowhere is this more apparent that on the iceberg gouged continental shelves of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP). The vast…1 January, 2008 by David Barnes, Lloyd Peck
Disturbance is a key structuring force influencing shallow water communities at all latitudes. Polar nearshore communities are intensely disturbed by ice, yet little is known about benthic recovery following iceberg…1 January, 2008
Subglacially-erupted volcanic sequences provide proxies for a unique range of palaeo-ice parameters and they are potentially highly useful archives of palaeoenvironmental information, particularly for pre-Quaternary periods. They can thus be…1 January, 2008 by Joanne Johnson
Basaltic volcanism in the James Ross Island region has been persistent over the last 6 million years resulting in at least 50 mainly effusive eruptions that are preserved predominantly as…1 January, 2008 by Iain Staniland
Antarctic fur seals show extreme sexual size dimorphism and their breeding strategies place very different constraints on the behaviour of males and females. Whereas the foraging behaviour of lactating females…1 January, 2008
The last two abrupt warmings at the onset of our present warm interglacial period, interrupted by the Younger Dryas cooling event, were investigated at high temporal resolution from the North…1 January, 2008
The Mariana Arc of submarine volcanoes has recently been the site of an international, interdisciplinary study into the structure and function of the associated hydrothermal systems. A broad size range…1 January, 2008
Astrammina rara, Crithionina delacai, and Notodendrodes hyalinosphaira are 3 of the largest and most abundant members of the foraminiferal assemblage at a shallow-water (28 to 32 m) site in Explorers…1 January, 2008 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne
Nonadiabatic loss processes of radiation belt energetic electrons include precipitation loss to the atmosphere due to pitch-angle scattering by various magnetospheric plasma wave modes. Here we consider electron precipitation loss…Read more on Electron scattering by whistler-mode ELF hiss in plasmaspheric plumes
1 January, 2008
The Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) is a time scale based on annual layer counting of high-resolution records from Greenland ice cores. Whereas the Holocene part of the time…Read more on A 60 000 year Greenland stratigraphic ice core chronology
1 January, 2008 by Philip Trathan, Vsevolod Afanasyev
We used miniature light-level/immersion loggers (geolocators) to study the movements and behavior of two Streaked Shearwaters (Calonectris leucomelas) during their travel away from Japan, after the breeding season. During the…1 January, 2008 by Geraint Tarling
Levels of infestation by the suctorian Ephelota sp. were determined in Antarctic krill taken in the north-eastern region of the Scotia sea, close to the island of South Georgia. Individuals…1 January, 2008 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Robert Larter
Today, Antarctica exhibits some of the harshest environmental conditions for life on Earth. During the last glacial period, Antarctic terrestrial and marine life was challenged by even more extreme environmental…Read more on Life hung by a thread: endurance of Antarctic fauna in glacial periods
1 January, 2008 by Gareth Marshall, Liz Thomas
We present results from a new medium depth (136 metres) ice core drilled in a high accumulation site (73.59S,70.36W) on the south-western Antarctic Peninsula during 2007. The Gomez record reveals…Read more on A doubling in snow accumulation in the western Antarctic Peninsula since 1850
1 January, 2008 by Eric Wolff, Liz Thomas, Robert Mulvaney
A new sub-seasonal chemical record is presented from the North Greenland Icecore Project (NorthGRIP) ice core during the onset of one of the longest and strongest interstadials of the last…Read more on A change in seasonality in Greenland during a Dansgaard–Oeschger warming
1 January, 2008 by Andrew Fleming, Martin Collins, Philip Trathan
Marine predators are thought to follow sophisticated scale-dependent search strategies when seeking patchy and unpredictable prey. However, fine-scale information about these strategies has hitherto been difficult to obtain for diving…Read more on Linear tracks and restricted temperature ranges characterise penguin foraging pathways
1 January, 2008 by Jaume Forcada, Philip Trathan
Goudier Island is located in the Palmer Archipelago, to the west of the Antarctic Peninsula; it is one of the most frequently visited tourist sites in Antarctica. A number of…1 January, 2008 by Jonathan Shanklin
The 2007 Antarctic ozone hole is reviewed from a variety of perspectives, making use of various Australian data and analyses. The 2007 ozone hole was relatively modest, particularly in comparison…1 January, 2008 by Kevin Newsham
The two native Antarctic vascular plant species, Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica, were sampled from 15 points along a 1480 km latitudinal transect from South Georgia (54°S, 36°W) through to…1 January, 2008 by Andrew Orr, Gareth Marshall, John King
The large regional summer warming on the east coast of the northern Antarctic Peninsula (AP), which has taken place since the mid-1960s, has previously been proposed to be caused by…1 January, 2008
El Nino Southern Oscillation events have been associated with large fluctuations in seabird and landbird populations of the Galapagos Islands. We reveal different effects of climatic variation on the abundance…1 January, 2008 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
We present results from our three-dimensional (3-D) simulations using the Salammbô electron radiation belt physical model. We have run steady state and dynamic storm test case simulations to study the…1 January, 2008
The oceanic southern margin of Gondwana, from southern South America through South Africa, West Antarctica, New Zealand (in its pre break-up position), and Victoria Land to Eastern Australia is one…1 January, 2008 by David Vaughan
It is now almost 30 years since John Mercer (1978) first presented the idea that climate change could eventually cause a rapid deglaciation, or “collapse”, of a large part of…Read more on West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse – the fall and rise of a paradigm
1 January, 2008 by Andy Smith, David Vaughan, Hugh Corr, Hamish Pritchard
Rutford Ice Stream and Carlson Inlet are neighbouring glaciers in West Antarctica. Rutford Ice Stream flows at speeds greater than 350m a(-1), whereas Carlson Inlet, which has some similar dimensions…1 January, 2008
The potential impact of seawater acidification on the concentrations of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and the activity of the enzyme DMSP-lyase was investigated during a pelagic ecosystem CO2 enrichment…1 January, 2008 by Melody Clark
Marine scientists in Europe summarize their successes with genome technologies in the marine sciences and make a plea for a concerted international effort to raise greater public education for support.1 January, 2008 by Andrew Clarke, Michael Meredith
Internal waves and coastal upwelling have important roles in both physical oceanography and marine ecosystems, via processes such as mixing of water masses and transfer of heat and nutrients to…1 January, 2008
Despite being one of the most intensely studied habitat types worldwide, the intertidal region around Antarctica has received little more than superficial study. Despite this, the first detailed study of…1 January, 2008 by Claire Waluda, Huw Griffiths, Paul Rodhouse
Illex argentinus, the Argentine short-finned squid, is an important species within the Patagonian shelf ecosystem, where it supports a major multi-national fishery. The fishing fleet operating in this region is…Read more on Remotely-sensed spatial dynamics of the Illex argentinus fishery, Southwest Atlantic
1 January, 2008 by Richard Horne
Plasma wave observations on Voyager, Ulysses, and Galileo have shown that whistler-mode hiss at frequencies below one kHz is continuously present in the extended Io torus of Jupiter. Cyclotron resonant…1 January, 2008 by Michael Meredith, Zhaomin Wang
We investigate the representation of Southern Hemisphere subpolar gyres in 20 IPCC AR4 climate models. The models reproduce three southern subpolar gyres: the Weddell Gyre, Ross Gyre, and Australian-Antarctic Gyre,…Read more on Density-driven Southern Hemisphere subpolar gyres in coupled climate models
1 January, 2008 by Michael Meredith, Peter Ward
The earliest comprehensive plankton sampling programme in the Southern Ocean was 32 undertaken during the early part of last century by Discovery Investigations to gain a 33 greater scientific understanding…1 January, 2008 by Mervyn Freeman
The use of complexity-based approaches may help to advance our understanding of Earth as a system.1 January, 2008 by Alexander Tate
The distribution of metamorphic rocks in the Antarctic Peninsula region, new quantitative peak pressure-temperature data along the Antarctic Peninsula, and a literature review on the current knowledge of metamorphic conditions…Read more on Metamorphic rocks in the Antarctic Peninsula region
1 January, 2008 by Sally Thorpe
The blooms associated with South Georgia coincide with the largest predicted carbon sink in the Southern Ocean. A major injection of iron and silica is required to sustain them over…1 January, 2008 by Michael Meredith, Peter Ward
The Southern Ocean is known to have warmed considerably during the second half of the 20th century but there are few locations with data before the 1950s. In addition, assessments…1 January, 2008 by Rowan Whittle
More than 20 partial scolecodout Clusters were recovered from the Soom Shale Lagerstatte, South Africa. The specimens were found in association with chitinozoans, algae, conodont apparatuses and the enigmatic needle-like…1 January, 2008
Descent and spreading of high salinity water generated by salt rejection during sea ice formation in an Antarctic coastal polynya is studied using a hydrostatic, primitive equation three-dimensional ocean model…Read more on Generation of a buoyancy-driven coastal current by an Antarctic polynya
1 January, 2008 by Anna Jones, Eric Wolff
Nitrate is frequently measured in ice cores, but its interpretation remains immature. Using daily snow surface concentrations of nitrate at Halley (Antarctica) for 2004 - 2005, we show that sharp…