Showing 11500 items
1 January, 2008
The new Horizontal Wind Model (HWM07) provides a statistical representation of the horizontal wind fields of the Earth's atmosphere from the ground to the exosphere (0-500 km). It represents over…Read more on An empirical model of the Earth’s horizontal wind fields: HWM07
1 January, 2008 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
Ribbed moraines are large (up to 16 km long) ridges of sediment produced transverse to ice flow direction that formed widely beneath palaeo-ice sheets. Since ice sheet stability is sensitive…1 January, 2008 by Lloyd Peck
The world's oceans are slowly becoming more acidic. In the last 150 yr, the pH of the oceans has dropped by similar to 0.1 units, which is equivalent to a…1 January, 2008
1. Ecologists are obtaining ever-increasing amounts of data concerning animal movement. A movement strategy that has been concluded for a broad variety of animals is that of Lévy flights, which…1 January, 2008
The Antarctic Tropospheric Chemistry Investigation (ANTCI) was carried out from late November to December 2003 with both extended ground-based and tethered balloon studies at Amundsen Scott Station, South Pole. ANTCI…Read more on Antarctic Tropospheric Chemistry Investigation (ANTCI) 2003 overview
1 January, 2008 by David Vaughan
The East Antarctic Ice Sheet is the largest, highest, coldest, driest, and windiest ice sheet on Earth. Understanding of the surface mass balance (SMB) of Antarctica is necessary to determine…1 January, 2008
Life, as we know it, is constrained by various environmental parameters ( physical and chemical) and these vary both in space and time. Combinations of specific ranges for each of…1 January, 2008
We present a global empirical disturbance wind model (DWM07) that represents average geospace-storm-induced perturbations of upper thermospheric (200-600 km altitude) neutral winds. DWM07 depends on the following three parameters: magnetic…Read more on DWM07 global empirical model of upper thermospheric storm-induced disturbance winds
1 January, 2008 by Michael Rose, Richard Horne
Magnetic pulsations in the Pc1-Pc2 frequency range (0.1-5 Hz) are often observed on the ground and in the Earth's magnetosphere during the aftermath of geomagnetic storms. Numerous studies have suggested…1 January, 2008 by Dominic Hodgson, Roger Worland, Peter Convey
Inland Antarctic nunataks typically have simple physically weathered soils and limited ecosystem complexity. In this paper we present quantitative measurements of soil physical and chemical properties at one Antarctic nunatak.…Read more on Soil properties of an Antarctic inland site: implications for ecosystem development
1 January, 2008
Ice cores are a widely used archive to reconstruct past changes of the climate system. This is done by measuring the concentration of substances in the ice and in the…Read more on Continuous flow analysis of total organic carbon in polar ice cores
1 January, 2008 by Andrew Fleming
Pack ice and icebergs are two of the biggest hazards to shipping around Antarctica. Andrew Fleming and Paul Bowyer demonstrate how a new satellite system is protecting ships in the…1 January, 2008
The Trinity Peninsula Group (TPG) of northern Graham Land, a weakly metamorphosed thick sequence of predominantly quartz- and feldspar-rich greywacke, has tentatively been correlated with metasedimentary rocks exposed along the…1 January, 2008 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
A data-driven physical model of the energetic electrons in the Earth's radiation belts, called the Radiation Belt Environment (RBE) model, has been developed to understand Earth's radiation belt dynamics and…Read more on Radiation Belt Environment model: application to space weather nowcasting
1 January, 2008 by Eugene Murphy, Jaume Forcada, Philip Trathan
The consequences of warming for Antarctic long-lived organisms depend on their ability to survive changing patterns of climate and environmental variation. Among birds and mammals of different Antarctic regions, including…1 January, 2008 by Adrian Fox
Recent studies have reported widespread retreat and acceleration of glaciers on the Antarctic Peninsula, attributed to regional warming. The loss of ice is a contributor to sea-level rise, but its…1 January, 2008
Antarctic Base personnel live for 3 months in winter with no natural sunlight. This project compared sleep, by actigraphy, during periods of increased exposure to white light or blue enriched…1 January, 2008 by Peter Fretwell
The use of digital terrain mapping in determining the anatomy of the Late Devensian British–Irish Ice Sheet at a resolution of 500m cell size is illustrated for Boulton et al.’s…1 January, 2008 by Andrew Clarke
Antarctic shallow-water and deep-sea echinoderms are known to have seasonal gametogenic cycles linked to seasonal pulses of phytodetritus produced in surface waters. We suggest that phytodetritus reaching the Antarctic continental…1 January, 2008 by Mark Clilverd
Enhancements of drift-loss cone fluxes in the inner radiation belt have been observed to coincide with the geographic location of the powerful VLF transmitter NWC. In this paper we expand…Read more on Radiation belt electron precipitation by man-made VLF transmissions
1 January, 2008 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
Tardigrada is a phylum closely allied with the arthropods. They are usually less than 0.5 mm in length, have four pairs of lobe-like legs and are either carnivorous or feed…Read more on Global diversity of tardigrades (Tardigrada) in freshwater
1 January, 2008 by Geraint Tarling
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is a keystone species in the southern ocean ecosystem where it is the main consumer of phytoplankton and constitutes the main food item of many higher…1 January, 2008
The coastal ocean provides nutrients to the open ocean in accounts that are poorly quantified. We use an ocean biogeochemistry model to assess the importance of the coastal nutrient supply…Read more on Importance of coastal nutrient supply for global ocean biogeochemistry
1 January, 2008 by Vsevolod Afanasyev
1. Investigations were made to determine whether the two giant petrel species segregate by gender and species in relation to the stage of the annual cycle. The individual foraging behaviour…1 January, 2008 by David Barnes, Huw Griffiths, Katrin Linse
An extremely dynamic chain of archipelagos links South America and the Antarctic Peninsula. It includes islands, which are large and small, old and young, near continental margins and isolated, and…Read more on Distribution of macrobenthic taxa across the Scotia Arc, Southern Ocean
1 January, 2008 by Hilmar Gudmundsson
New analytical solutions describing the effects of small-amplitude perturbations in boundary data on flow in the shallow-ice-stream approximation are presented. These solutions are valid for a non-linear Weertman-type sliding law…1 January, 2008 by Hilmar Gudmundsson
An optimal estimation method for simultaneously determining both basal slipperiness and basal topography from variations in surface flow velocity and topography along a flow line on ice streams and ice…1 January, 2008
Climate change is now evident also in Antarctica, with impacts both on the abiotic and the biotic components of ecosystems, particularly on permafrost, active layer thickness, vegetation, and soil properties.…1 January, 2008 by Joanne Johnson
The northern Antarctic Peninsula region has undergone similar to 10 m.y. of eruptive activity by basaltic volcanoes, mainly in subglacial settings. Spectacular exposures of lava-fed deltas, capped by basalt flows…1 January, 2008
The stone runs of the Falkland Islands are thought to be periglacial blockfields but their age and detailed origin remain enigmatic. We examine the fine sediments that underlie two stone…1 January, 2008 by Roger Worland, Peter Convey
In the maritime Antarctic, terrestrial arthropods have recourse to two strategies to mitigate low summer temperatures: (1) physiological plasticity and (2) avoidance via microhabitat insulation. This study investigated the interaction…1 January, 2008 by Roger Worland, Peter Convey
This study employed H-1 NMR spectroscopy to assay the metabolome of the high Arctic freeze-tolerant dipteran larvae, Heleomyza borealis, after recovery from exposure to a range of sub-zero temperature treatments.…Read more on Metabolomic fingerprint of cryo-stress in a freeze tolerant insect
1 January, 2008 by Roger Worland
Maturation to adulthood and successful reproduction in the Antarctic fairy shrimp, Branchinecta gaini, must be completed within a physiologically challenging temporal window of ca. 2.5 months in the southern Antarctic…1 January, 2008 by Roger Worland
A technique for rapidly measuring non-lethal thermal tolerance traits in small insects and terrestrial arthropods of similar size is described. Single or multiple individuals are heated or cooled in an…1 January, 2008
Continuous Plankton Recorder data suggest that the Irminger Sea supports a major proportion of the surface-living population of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus in the northern North Atlantic, but there have…Read more on Spatial demography of Calanus finmarchicus in the Irminger Sea
1 January, 2008
A comparison study of water cycle parameters derived from ground-based remote-sensing instruments and from the regional model REMO is presented. Observational data sets were collected during three measuring campaigns in…Read more on Quality assessment of water cycle parameters in REMO by radar-lidar synergy
1 January, 2008 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
Throughout the last decade large sediment drifts located on the upper continental rise west of the Antarctic Peninsula were the target of oceanographic measurements, bathymetric mapping, seismic investigations. shallow sediment…1 January, 2008 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Robert Larter
Three megascopic and disseminated tephra layers (which we refer to as layers A, B, and C) occur in late Quaternary glaciomarine sediments deposited on the West Antarctic continental margin. The…1 January, 2008
Vestimentiferan tubeworms are significant members of deep-sea chemosynthetically-driven communities, including hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. The reproductive condition in this taxon is rarely studied because of sampling constraints inherent to…1 January, 2008 by Peter Ward
The cyclopoid copepod Oithona similis is highly abundant and ubiquitous in the marine epipelagic environment, yet rates of mortality in this species have rarely been quantified; indeed we are lacking…Read more on Spring mortality of the cyclopoid copepod Oithona similis in polar waters
1 January, 2008 by Paul Holland
Glaciological processes at grounding lines, which divide floating ice shelves from grounded ice sheets, may strongly influence the dynamics and evolution of inland ice. Therefore, understanding the oceanic forcing on…Read more on A model of tidally dominated ocean processes near ice shelf grounding lines.
1 January, 2008 by Adrian Jenkins, Paul Holland
A three-dimensional ocean general circulation model is used to study the response of idealized ice shelves to a series of ocean-warming scenarios. The model predicts that the total ice shelf…Read more on The response of ice shelf basal melting to variations in ocean temperature.
1 January, 2008 by Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
According to existing theory, electrons are accelerated up to ultra-relativistic energies(1) inside Jupiter's magnetic field by betatron and Fermi processes as a result of radial diffusion towards the planet and…1 January, 2008 by Claire Waluda, Kevin Hughes
The short-term behavioural effects of helicopter overflights on breeding king penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus at South Georgia were examined. Seventeen helicopter overflights were made at altitudes between 230 and 1768 m…1 January, 2008 by Peter Ward
To date, little research has been carried out on pelagic gastropod molluscs (pteropods) in Southern Ocean ecosystems. However, recent predictions are that, due to acidification resulting from a business as…1 January, 2008 by Joanne Johnson
Dramatic changes (acceleration, thinning, and grounding-line retreat of major ice streams) in the Amundsen Sea sector of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) have been observed during the past two…1 January, 2008 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Joanne Johnson
We present two Be-10 exposure ages from erratic boulders at Cape Adare, northem Victoria Land. The exposure ages obtained suggest that Cape Adare was covered by ice during the last…Read more on The last deglaciation of Cape Adare, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica
1 January, 2008 by Geraint Tarling
Swarms of Antarctic krill are frequently biased towards certain body sizes, sexes, maturities and physiological states. However, the mechanisms causing such biases remain unclear, with some speculating on differential responses…1 January, 2008 by Anna Jones, Eric Wolff, Howard Roscoe
CHABLIS (Chemistry of the Antarctic Boundary Layer and the Interface with Snow) was a collaborative UK research project aimed at probing the detailed chemistry of the Antarctic boundary layer and…1 January, 2008 by David Barnes
The deep sea surrounds Antarctica and constitutes about 80%, of the Southern Ocean (SO) seabed. Scientific cruises (e.g. ANDEEP) reveal that SO abyssal life can be highly abundant, rich and…1 January, 2008 by David Barnes, Katrin Linse
The remote South Sandwich arc is an archipelago of small volcanic islands and seamounts entirely surrounded by deep water and about 600 km away from the closest island, South Georgia.…1 January, 2008 by Gareth Marshall
The recent intensification of the circumpolar circulation in the SH troposphere in summer and autumn has been attributed to external forcing such as stratospheric ozone depletion and greenhouse gas (GHG)…1 January, 2008
Continuous flow analysis (CFA) is a well-established method to obtain information about impurity contents in ice cores as indicators of past changes in the climate system. A section of an…1 January, 2008 by Martin Collins
The foremost temporal signal to the deep benthos, where temperature and light conditions are relatively constant, is a seasonal pulse of organic carbon sinking from the photic layer. In the…1 January, 2008 by Martin Collins
Direct time-series observations of deep-sea biological activity are largely restricted to passive observations of benthic epifauna using unbaited time-lapse camera systems. However, highly mobile fauna such as scavenging fish are…1 January, 2008 by Andy Smith, Ed King
We conducted a seismic and radar survey of the central part of midtre Lovenbreen, a small, polythermal valley glacier in Svalbard. We determined the physical properties of the material beneath…1 January, 2008 by Alexandra Weiss, John King, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
We present aircraft measurements of boundary-layer structure and surface turbulent fluxes from a flight over the Larsen Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Warm advection, associated with föhn flow, led to the formation…Read more on Airborne measurements in a stable boundary layer over the Larsen Ice Shelf, Antarctica
1 January, 2008 by Thomas Bracegirdle
For many locations around the globe some of the most severe weather is associated with outbreaks of cold air over relatively warm oceans, referred to here as marine cold-air outbreaks…1 January, 2008 by Sally Thorpe
We investigated phytoplankton blooms around the island of South Georgia, in the South Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, during 3 austral summer cruises. Blooms developed largely to the northwest,…1 January, 2008 by David Barnes
Several studies suggest that assemblages in intertidal zones that experience frequent physical extremes (e.g. wave-impacts) should be highly dependent on the regional input of propagules. Therefore with higher disturbance in…Read more on Structure of intertidal and subtidal assemblages in Arctic vs temperate boulder shores
1 January, 2008
Dust can affect the radiative balance of the atmosphere by absorbing or reflecting incoming solar radiation(1); it can also be a source of micronutrients, such as iron, to the ocean(2).…Read more on Dust-climate couplings over the past 800,000 years from the EPICA Dome C ice core
1 January, 2008
In the upper atmosphere, greenhouse gases produce a cooling effect, instead of a warming effect. Increases in greenhouse gas concentrations are expected to induce substantial changes in the mesosphere, thermosphere,…Read more on Emerging pattern of global change in the upper atmosphere and ionosphere
1 January, 2008
We estimated a weakening of the Southern Ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) sink since 1981 relative to the trend expected from the large increase in atmospheric CO2. We agree with Law…1 January, 2008 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne
The excitation of nightside whistler mode chorus emissions in the low-density region outside the plasmapause is investigated during an injection of plasma sheet electrons into the inner magnetosphere. CRRES data…1 January, 2008 by David Barnes, Katrin Linse
The Scotia Are, linking the Magellan region with the Antarctic Peninsula, comprises young and old islands both near continents and isolated, and is the only semi-continuous link between cool temperate…Read more on Biodiversity of echinoids and their epibionts around the Scotia Arc, Antarctica
1 January, 2008 by Hua Lu
This study documents decadal-scale changes in the Holton and Tan (HT) relationship, i.e., the influence of the lower stratospheric equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) on the northern hemisphere (NH) extratropical circulation.…1 January, 2008 by Hua Lu, Mark Clilverd
This study investigates if the descent of odd nitrogen, generated in the thermosphere and the upper mesosphere by energetic particle precipitation (EPP-NOx), has a detectable impact on stratospheric wind and…Read more on Geomagnetic perturbations on stratospheric circulation in late winter and spring
1 January, 2008 by Hua Lu
Statistically measurable responses of atmospheric circulation to solar wind dynamic pressure are found in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) zonal-mean zonal wind and temperature, and on the Northern Annular Mode (NAM)…1 January, 2008 by Gareth Marshall
The frequency of mesoscale cyclones in the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) region during 1991-94 is correlated with the Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode (SAM) index, most strongly during winter and spring.…1 January, 2008
When planning the acquisition of new palaeo proxy data for reconstructing past climates, many factors influence the decision of where the proxies are to be collected. One such influence is…1 January, 2008
It is thought that the Northern Hemisphere experienced only ephemeral glaciations from the Late Eocene to the Early Pliocene epochs (about 38 to 4 million years ago), and that the…Read more on Late Pliocene Greenland glaciation controlled by a decline in atmospheric CO2 levels
1 January, 2008
Sunshade geoengineering - the installation of reflective mirrors between the Earth and the Sun to reduce incoming solar radiation, has been proposed as a mitigative measure to counteract anthropogenic global…1 January, 2008
The "Panama Hypothesis" states that the gradual closure of the Panama Seaway, between 13 million years ago (13 Ma) and 2.6 Ma, led to decreased mixing of Atlantic and Pacific…1 January, 2008
Systematic strategies from applied mathematics for stochastic modelling in climate are reviewed here. One of the topics discussed is the stochastic modelling of mid-latitude low-frequency variability through a few teleconnection…Read more on An applied mathematics perspective on stochastic modelling for climate
1 January, 2008
Passive microwave snow depth, ice concentration, and ice motion estimates are combined with snowfall from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA-40) from 1979-2001 to estimate the…1 January, 2008
Oceanic phytoplankton, absorbing solar radiation, can influence the bio-optical properties of seawater and hence upper ocean physics. We include this process in a global ocean general circulation model (OGCM) coupled…Read more on Ocean biogeochemical response to phytoplankton-light feedback in a global model
1 January, 2008
In September-October 2005, the juxtaposition of low-and high-pressure anomalies at 130 degrees W and 60 degrees W, respectively, created strong and persistent northerly airflow across the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP).…1 January, 2008 by Richard Horne
A survey of plasma wave observations at Jupiter obtained by the plasma wave instrument on board the Galileo spacecraft is presented. The observations indicate that chorus emissions are observed commonly…Read more on A survey of Galileo plasma wave instrument observations of Jovian whistler-mode chorus
1 January, 2008 by Andrew Clarke, John King, Michael Meredith
We investigate the seasonal variability in freshwater inputs to the Marguerite Bay region (Western Antarctic Peninsula) using a time series of oxygen isotopes in seawater from samples collected in the…1 January, 2008 by Eugene Murphy, John King, Michael Meredith
The ocean around South Georgia, in the southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, is highly productive, with large stocks of Antarctic krill supporting extensive colonies of marine and land-based…1 January, 2008 by Michael Meredith
The Southern Ocean hosts the formation of the densest layers of the oceanic overturning circulation, and provides a climatically sensitive element of deep ocean ventilation. An oceanographic section across the…1 January, 2008 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne
Fast magnetosonic waves can lead to the local acceleration of electrons from ∼10 keV up to a few MeV on a timescale of 1–2 d and may play an important…1 January, 2008 by Gareth Marshall
The Antarctic Peninsula has displayed significant climate change over recent decades. Understanding contemporaneous changes in accumulation is made difficult because the region's complex orography means that ice-core data are not…1 January, 2008 by Tracy Moffat-Griffin
Gravity waves play an important role in determining the structure and dynamics of the mesopause region. In this study the Imaging Riometer for Ionospheric Studies (IRIS) at Halley, Antarctica (76S,…Read more on Observing mesospheric gravity waves with an imaging riometer.
1 January, 2008 by Andy Smith, Hugh Corr
[1] Spatially coincident radar and seismic data collected two weeks apart on Rutford Ice Stream were analyzed to investigate the mechanical and hydrological characteristics of the ice-bed interface. Seismic data…1 January, 2008
An unusually dense collection of some 150 dead crabeater seals (Family Phocidae), in various stages of decay, occurs in the Brandy Bay hinterland, north-western James Ross Island, northern Antarctic Peninsula.…1 January, 2008 by Keith Nicholls
During the austral winter of 2007 a Weddell Seal tagged with a miniaturized conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) instrument travelled over the central southern Weddell Sea continental shelf. The instrument yielded 750 CTD…Read more on Wintertime ocean conditions over the southern Weddell Sea continental shelf, Antarctica
1 January, 2008 by Povl Abrahamsen, Keith Nicholls
A combination of measurements from Autosub, an autonomous underwater vehicle, and ship-based instruments are used to describe the oceanographic conditions beneath Fimbul Ice Shelf, Antarctica. The data show an intricate…Read more on High-latitude oceanography using the Autosub autonomous underwater vehicle