Showing 11332 items
1 February, 2024 by John King, Thomas Bracegirdle
Between 15 and 19 March 2022, East Antarctica experienced an exceptional heat wave with widespread 30°–40°C temperature anomalies across the ice sheet. In Part I, we assessed the meteorological drivers…1 February, 2024 by Otis Brunner
Aim: Deep-sea hydrothermal vent habitats support a low-diversity fauna in which most species are unique to the ecosystem. To inform conservation planning around this vulnerable marine ecosystem, we examine species…1 February, 2024 by Kevin Hughes, Peter Convey
The small ice-free areas of Antarctica are essential locations for both biodiversity and scientific research but are subject to considerable and expanding human impacts, resulting primarily from station-based research and…Read more on Systematic conservation planning for Antarctic research stations
1 February, 2024 by Clara Manno
The sinking velocity (SV) of organic particles is a critical driver of carbon transport to the deep sea. Accurate determination of marine particle SV and their influencing factors is therefore…1 February, 2024 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 379 to the Amundsen Sea margin of West Antarctica recovered drill cores at two sites spanning the Latest Miocene–Holocene interval with the aim of…1 February, 2024 by Alex Brisbourne
This paper presents a weakly supervised machine learning method, which we call DAS-N2N, for suppressing strong random noise in distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) recordings. DAS-N2N requires no manually produced labels…1 February, 2024 by Dominic Hodgson
It is increasingly apparent that local and regional factors, including geographic location, topography and climatic variability, strongly influence the timing and extent of glaciations across the Southern Hemisphere. Glacial chronologies…Read more on A glacial chronology for sub-Antarctic Marion Island from MIS 2 and MIS 3
1 February, 2024 by David Barnes
Marine ecosystems in Antarctica are thought to be highly vulnerable to aspects of dynamic global climate change, such as warming. In deep-water ecosystems, there has been little physico-chemical change in…1 February, 2024 by Laura Gerrish, Michael Rose
The Lost Meteorites of Antarctica project was the first UK-led Antarctic meteorite recovery expedition. The project has successfully confirmed two new high-density meteorite stranding zones in the Hutchison Icefield and…Read more on Overview of the Lost Meteorites of Antarctica field campaigns
1 February, 2024 by Caroline Holmes, Ella Gilbert
Antarctic sea ice is a vitally important part of the regional and global climate. In 2023, sea ice extent fell to record lows, reaching unprecedented values for both the summer…Read more on 2023’s Antarctic sea ice extent is the lowest on record
1 February, 2024 by Stephen Roberts
Inorganic geochemistry is a powerful tool in paleolimnology. It has become one of the most commonly used techniques to analyze lake sediments, particularly due to the development and increasing availability…1 February, 2024 by Huw Griffiths, Kevin Hughes, Lloyd Peck, Peter Convey
Incomplete species inventories for Antarctica represent a key challenge for comprehensive ecological research and conservation in the region. Additionally, data required to understand population dynamics, rates of evolution, spatial ranges,…1 February, 2024 by Peter Convey
Antarctic ice-free areas are dominated by wind-dispersed organisms. However, which organisms arrive and circulate in Antarctica and how remain poorly understood. Due to their proximity to South America and less…1 February, 2024 by Peter Fretwell
Sea ice, and particularly land-fast sea ice, is crucial for emperor penguins as a breeding and moulting platform and foraging habitat (Barbraud & Weimerskirch 2001). Emperor penguins use land-fast sea…Read more on A 6 year assessment of low sea-ice impacts on emperor penguins [Short Note]
30 January, 2024 by Ryan Williams
Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are abrupt disturbances to the Northern Hemisphere wintertime stratospheric polar vortex that can lead to pronounced regional changes in surface temperature and precipitation. SSWs also strongly…27 January, 2024 by Jade Reidy, Jenny Wong, Johnathan Ross, Mark Clilverd, Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert, Jade Reidy
High energy electron precipitation from the Earth's radiation belts is important for loss from the radiation belts and atmospheric chemistry. We follow up investigations presented in Reidy et al. (2021,…26 January, 2024 by David Barnes
Introduction: The Arctic sea ice extent in September (when it is at its lowest) has declined 13% Q10 per decade, and the Arctic Ocean is becoming a more Atlantic-influenced system.…26 January, 2024 by Scott Hosking
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and data science will play a crucial role in improving environmental sustainability, but the energy requirements of these methods will have an increasingly negative effect on the…Read more on Prioritize environmental sustainability in use of AI and data science methods [Comment]
23 January, 2024 by Dorothea Moser, Liz Thomas
Most of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are covered with firn — the transitional material between snow and glacial ice. Firn is vital for understanding ice-sheet mass balance and…16 January, 2024 by Lloyd Peck, Nicholas Barrett
Reduced seawater salinity as a result of freshwater input can exert a major influence on the ecophysiology of benthic marine invertebrates, such as echinoderms. While numerous experimental studies have explored…12 January, 2024 by Kevin Newsham, Peter Convey
Antarctica and its unique biodiversity are increasingly at risk from the effects of global climate change and other human influences. A significant recent element underpinning strategies for Antarctic conservation has…Read more on Biogeographic survey of soil bacterial communities across Antarctica
11 January, 2024 by Connor Bamford, Jennifer Jackson
South Georgia island in the sub-Antarctic waters of the South Atlantic is where modern whaling began in Southern Ocean waters in the early twentieth century (Tønnessen & Johnsen, 1982). By…11 January, 2024 by Mark Clilverd
Subionospheric Very Low Frequency (VLF) radio signals are reflected by free electrons in the ionospheric D-region at about 60–90 km altitude and can propagate over long distances, which makes them…Read more on Investigation of the October effect in VLF signals [in review]
9 January, 2024 by Clara Manno, Emily Rowlands
Antarctica is the least populated place on Earth, but the frozen continent and its surrounding Southern Ocean are still affected by human activities. Scientists have found large pieces of plastic…Read more on How Might Plastic Pollution Affect Antarctic Animals?
7 January, 2024 by Nigel Meredith
Energetic electron precipitation (EEP) associated with pulsating aurora can transfer greater than 30 keV electrons from the outer radiation belt region into the upper atmosphere and can deplete atmospheric ozone…Read more on Substorm driven chorus waves: Decay timescales and implications for pulsating aurora
1 January, 2024 by James Kirkham, Kelly Hogan, Robert Larter
The geological record of landforms and sediments produced beneath deglaciating ice sheets offers insights into inaccessible glacial processes. Large subglacial valleys formed by meltwater erosion of sediments (tunnel valleys) are…1 January, 2024 by Eugene Murphy, Emma Young, Sally Thorpe
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is a key species in the marine ecosystem of the Southern Ocean, but is also the target of a commercial fishery, with an important fishing ground…1 January, 2024 by Andrew Kavanagh, Gareth Chisham, Mervyn Freeman
The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE) mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and…Read more on Ground-based and additional science support for SMILE
1 January, 2024 by Kevin Newsham
Societal Impact Statement: Climate change is predicted to increase drought and soil salinity in Mediterranean-type ecosystems (MTEs), posing a significant threat to global food security. Genetic modification of crops to…1 January, 2024 by Richard Phillips
Mercury (Hg) is a globally important pollutant that can negatively impact metabolic, endocrine and immune systems of marine biota. Seabirds are long-lived marine top predators and hence are at risk…1 January, 2024 by Louise Sime
The impact of melt ponds on sea-ice albedo has been observed and documented. In general circulation models, ponds are now accounted for through indirect diagnostic treatments (‘implicit’ schemes), or prognostic…Read more on The significance of the melt-pond scheme in a CMIP6 global climate model
1 January, 2024 by Connor Bamford, Martin Collins, Philip Hollyman
Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) are a commercially important species that support a longline fishery at the subantarctic island of South Georgia (CCAMLR Subarea 48.3). Understanding the life history of Patagonian…1 January, 2024 by Paul Holland
Mass loss from the Antarctic Ice Sheet is dominated by basal melting–induced warm ocean water. Ice-sheet mass loss and thinning of buttressing ice shelves occur primarily in the Amundsen and…1 January, 2024 by Katrin Linse
Patellogastropoda, the true limpets, is a major group of gastropods widely distributed in marine habitats from the intertidal to deep sea. Though important for understanding their evolutionary radiation, the phylogenetic…Read more on Phylogenomic analyses reveal a single deep-water colonisation in Patellogastropoda
1 January, 2024 by Elisabeth Biersma, Kevin Newsham, Peter Convey, Will Goodall-Copestake
Glacier retreat in cold regions exposes new terrain for plant colonization. However, the roles of soil microbiomes in plant establishment and performance on newly-exposed forefields have rarely been assessed. Here,…1 January, 2024 by James Kirkham, Kelly Hogan, Robert Larter
Tunnel valleys are widespread in formerly glaciated regions such as the North Sea and record sediment transport beneath ice sheets undergoing deglaciation. However, their complex infill architecture often makes their…1 January, 2024 by Richard Phillips
Stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) were measured in feathers to compare the non-breeding distributions and habitat use of adult brown skuas Stercorarius antarcticus lönnbergi from high-latitude…1 January, 2024 by Jenny Wong, Johnathan Ross, Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
Relativistic electrons in the Earth's outer radiation belt are a significant space weather hazard. The belt, which lies at altitudes from 13,000 to 40,000 km in the Earth's magnetic equatorial…Read more on New Chorus Diffusion Coefficients for Radiation Belt Modeling
1 January, 2024 by Lloyd Peck
We present the results of our 15th horizon scan of novel issues that could influence biological conservation in the future. From an initial list of 96 issues, our international panel…Read more on A horizon scan of global biological conservation issues for 2024
1 January, 2024
The nitrogen (N) cycle is a familiar concept. As is the much simplified, often diagrammatic, representation commonly used to illustrate the scale, importance and interconnectedness of this global cycle that…Read more on Exploring human-nature relationships in academic literature on the nitrogen cycle
1 January, 2024 by Andrew Kavanagh
This white paper is highly topical as it relates to the upcoming solar wind magnetosphere ionosphere link explorer (SMILE) mission: SMILE is a joint mission between the European Space Agency…1 January, 2024 by Anna Belcher, Simeon Hill
The carbon sequestration potential of open-ocean pelagic ecosystems is vastly under-reported compared to coastal vegetation ‘blue carbon’ systems. Here we show that just a single pelagic harvested species, Antarctic krill,…Read more on Antarctic krill sequester similar amounts of carbon to key coastal blue carbon habitats
30 December, 2023 by Andrew Orr, Emilia Dobb, Gareth Marshall, Guy Phillips, Hua Lu, John King, Sabina Kucieba, Steve Colwell, Tony Phillips
Meteorological records at Signy Station in the South Orkney Islands (SOIs) have recently been digitized to cover the period of 1947–1995. This study compares the newly available near-surface air temperatures…Read more on Temperature variation in the South Orkney Islands, maritime Antarctic
28 December, 2023 by Kaitlin Naughten
Observed Antarctic sea ice trends up to 2015 have a distinct regional and seasonal pattern, with a loss during austral summer and autumn in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen Seas, and…28 December, 2023 by Dave Munday
From the Eocene (∼50 million years ago) to today, Southern Ocean circulation has evolved from the existence of two ocean gyres to the dominance of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC).…28 December, 2023 by Mervyn Freeman
Solar eclipses present a rare glimpse into the impact of ionospheric electrodynamics on the magnetosphere independent of other well studied seasonal influences. Despite decades of study, we still do not…Read more on Substorms and Solar Eclipses: A Mutual Information Based Study
27 December, 2023 by Peter Convey
A new microcystin-producing mangrove cyanobacterium, Aliinostoc bakau sp. nov., was isolated from a tropical mangrove in Penang, Malaysia, and characterized using combined morphological and phylogenetic approaches. Cultures were established in…24 December, 2023 by Kevin Newsham
The surface temperatures of Antarctic soils and bryophyte colonies can fluctuate from close to freezing point to approximately 20 °C under clear skies around solar noon during midsummer. However, whether diurnally…Read more on Diurnal temperature fluctuation inhibits the growth of an Antarctic fungus
21 December, 2023 by Martin Collins
The type series of Poromitra crassiceps (Günther, 1878) was thought to include specimens from four localities in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern oceans. Comparison of the extant syntypes with the…21 December, 2023 by Katrin Linse
The marine-based West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is considered vulnerable to irreversible collapse under future climate trajectories, and its tipping point may lie within the mitigated warming scenarios of 1.5°…Read more on Genomic evidence for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse during the Last Interglacial
20 December, 2023 by Dave Munday
In contrast with the atmosphere, which is heated from below by solar radiation, the ocean is both heated and cooled from above. To drive a deep-reaching overturning circulation in this…19 December, 2023 by Simeon Hill
Krill habitats in the Southern Ocean are impacted by changing climate conditions, reduced sea ice and rising temperatures. These changes, in turn, affect krill occurrence, physiology and behaviour, which could…Read more on Climate change impacts on Antarctic krill behaviour and population dynamics
16 December, 2023 by Tracey Dornan, Geraint Tarling, Simeon Hill, Tracey Dornan, Tracey Dornan
The fish community of the Scotia Sea is diverse and plays key roles in Antarctic food webs and biogeochemical cycling. However, knowledge of the spatial and community structure of their…15 December, 2023 by Claire Boyle, Kevin Hughes, Laura Gerrish, Peter Convey, Steve Colwell
Antarctica has been subject to widespread, long-term and on-going human activity since the establishment of permanent research stations became common in the 1950s. Equipment may become intentionally or inadvertently lost…14 December, 2023 by Ananth Ranjithkumar
The main nucleating vapor in the atmosphere is thought to be sulfuric acid (H2SO4), stabilized by ammonia (NH3). However, in marine and polar regions, NH3 is generally low, and H2SO4…Read more on Iodine oxoacids enhance nucleation of sulfuric acid particles in the atmosphere
12 December, 2023 by Gareth Chisham, Mervyn Freeman
We examine the statistical distribution of large-scale Birkeland currents measured by the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment in four unique categories of geomagnetic activity for the first time:…10 December, 2023 by David Barnes, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
The marine habitat beneath Antarctica's ice shelves spans ∼1.6 million km2, and life in this vast and extreme environment is among Earth's least accessible, least disturbed and least known, yet…8 December, 2023 by Andrew Meijers, Povl Abrahamsen, Keith Nicholls, Michael Meredith, Shenjie Zhou
Dense, cold waters formed on Antarctic continental shelves descend along the Antarctic continental margin, where they mix with other Southern Ocean waters to form Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). AABW then…Read more on Observing Antarctic Bottom Water in the Southern Ocean
7 December, 2023 by Andrew Meijers, Paul Holland, Rachael Sanders
Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) forms north of the Subantarctic Front, in regions of deep winter mixed layers, and is important to the absorption and storage of anthropogenic CO2 and heat.…Read more on Sea Ice‐Driven Variability in the Pacific Subantarctic Mode Water Formation Regions
6 December, 2023 by Cecilia Liszka, Pilvi Saarikoski, Sophie Fielding
Pursuing an academic career in marine science requires a range of skills that can be applied across different contexts, including experimental or computational proficiency, policy engagement, teaching, and seagoing fieldwork.…5 December, 2023 by Kate Hendry
The Challenger Society for Marine Science (CSMS) is the learned society for marine scientists based in the United Kingdom, with a membership of over 470 people from >100 institutions, across…5 December, 2023 by Bianca Perren
The Greenland Climate Network (GC-Net) consists of 31 automatic weather stations (AWSs) at 30 sites across the Greenland Ice Sheet. The first site was initiated in 1990, and the project…Read more on The historical Greenland Climate Network (GC-Net) curated and augmented level-1 dataset
4 December, 2023 by Steve Colwell
The Antarctic Peninsula (AP) experienced a new extreme warm event and record-high surface melt in February 2022, rivaling the recent temperature records from 2015 and 2020, and contributing to the…1 December, 2023 by Peter Convey
Current understanding of ecological and evolutionary processes underlying island biodiversity is heavily shaped by empirical data from plants and birds, although arthropods comprise the overwhelming majority of known animal species,…1 December, 2023 by Claire Waluda, Richard Phillips
Knowledge of lampreys during their marine phase is limited, and for the southern hemisphere species was gleaned from their predators (albatrosses) in the 1970s. Taking advantage of new methodologies and…1 December, 2023 by Hannah Cubaynes, Jennifer Jackson, Katherine Green, Peter Fretwell
The combination of very high resolution (VHR) satellite remote sensing imagery and deep learning via convolutional neural networks provides opportunities to improve global whale population surveys through increasing efficiency and…Read more on Gray whale detection in satellite imagery using deep learning
1 December, 2023 by Danielle Buss, Jennifer Jackson
The 20 th century commercial whaling industry severely reduced populations of great whales throughout the Southern Hemisphere. The effect of this exploitation on genetic diversity and population structure remains largely…1 December, 2023 by Stephen Roberts
The glacial and vegetation patterns of Patagonia are strongly correlated to the behaviour of the Southern westerly winds (SWWs) with palaeoenvironmental evidence for the behaviour of the SWWs interpreted as…1 December, 2023 by Andrew Wood, Jaume Forcada, Pete Bucktrout
With environmental change, understanding how species recover from overharvesting and maintain viable populations is central to ecosystem restoration. Here, we reconstruct 90 years of recovery trajectory of the Antarctic fur seal…1 December, 2023 by Claire Waluda, Kevin Hughes
Communication at the science-policy interface can be bewildering not only for early-career researchers, but also for many within the research community. In the context of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean,…1 December, 2023 by Paul Holland
Antarctic sea ice is mostly seasonal. While changes in sea ice seasonality have been observed in recent decades, the lack of process understanding remains a key challenge to interpret these…1 December, 2023 by Bianca Perren, Dominic Hodgson, Stephen Roberts
The southern limit of the Patagonian Ice Sheet at glacial maxima is poorly constrained due to a paucity of field data. This particularly applies to southern outlet glaciers of the…1 December, 2023 by Kevin Newsham
Highly simplified microbial communities colonise rocks and soils of continental Antarctica ice-free deserts. These two habitats impose different selection pressures on organisms, yet the possible filtering effects on the diversity…1 December, 2023 by Andrew Meijers, Rahul Sivankutty
Changing environmental temperatures impact the physiological performance of fishes, and consequently their distributions. A mechanistic understanding of the linkages between experienced temperature and the physiological response expressed within complex natural…1 December, 2023 by Norman Ratcliffe
Advice from avian influenza experts suggests that there is a high risk that highly pathogenic avian influenza will arrive in the Southern Ocean during the austral summers.30 November, 2023 by Dave Munday
A geostrophic eddy energy dissipation rate due to the interaction of the large-scale wind field and mesoscale ocean currents, or relative wind stress, is derived here for use in eddy…29 November, 2023 by Elisabeth Biersma, Kevin Newsham
How the multiple facets of soil fungal diversity vary worldwide remains virtually unknown, hindering the management of this essential species-rich group. By sequencing high-resolution DNA markers in over 4000 topsoil…Read more on Connecting the multiple dimensions of global soil fungal diversity
28 November, 2023 by Michael Meredith
We contend that ocean turbulent fluxes should be included in the list of Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) created by the Global Ocean Observing System. This list aims to identify variables…Read more on Turbulent diapycnal fluxes as a pilot Essential Ocean Variable
28 November, 2023 by Michael Meredith
Ice dynamic change is the primary cause of mass loss from the Antarctic Ice Sheet, thus it is important to understand the processes driving ice-ocean interactions and the timescale on…28 November, 2023 by Thomas Barningham
We present a 12-year time series of continuous atmospheric measurements of O2 and CO2 at the Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory in the United Kingdom. These measurements are combined into the term…27 November, 2023 by Alex Brisbourne, Andy Smith
Seismicity at glaciers, ice sheets, and ice shelves provides observational constraint on a number of glaciological processes. Detecting and locating this seismicity, specifically icequakes, is a necessary first step in…27 November, 2023 by Mark Clilverd
Reducing the impact of Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) on electrical power networks is an essential step to protect network assets and maintain reliable power transmission during and after storm events.…26 November, 2023 by Chester Sands, George Foot, Kevin Newsham, Will Goodall-Copestake
The occurrence of mycothalli, symbioses between liverworts and fungi bearing similarities to mycorrhizas, is poorly documented in sub-Antarctica, and biogeographical patterns in Serendipita, one of the main fungal genera forming…22 November, 2023 by Florian Mekhaldi
10Be is produced by the interaction between galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and solar energetic particles (SEPs) with the Earth's atmospheric constituents. The flux of GCRs is modulated by the varying…20 November, 2023 by Tom Jordan
The analysis of englacial layers using radio-echo sounding data enables the characterisation and reconstruction of current and past ice-sheet flow. Despite the Lambert Glacier catchment being one of the largest…Read more on Englacial architecture of Lambert Glacier, East Antarctica
17 November, 2023 by Lloyd Peck, Melody Clark, Tony Phillips
Polar ecosystems are experiencing amongst the most rapid rates of regional warming on Earth. Here, we discuss ‘omics’ approaches to investigate polar biodiversity, including the current state of the art,…Read more on Multi-omics for studying and understanding polar life
17 November, 2023 by Dominic Hodgson
Toward the poles, life on land is increasingly dominated by microorganisms, yet the evolutionary origin of polar microbiomes remains poorly understood. Here, we use metabarcoding of Arctic, sub-Antarctic, and Antarctic…Read more on Polar lake microbiomes have distinct evolutionary histories
16 November, 2023 by Diana Vladimirova, Dieter Tetzner, Liz Thomas
Sea-ice extent is predicted to decrease in a warming climate. However, despite global warming over the past century, total Antarctic sea ice remained relatively stable from 1979 until 2015, before…15 November, 2023 by Rahul Sivankutty
The seasonal evolution and interannual variability of latent heat flux (LHF) over the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) region is examined for the period 1980–2019. The seasonal distribution of LHF is…Read more on Latent heat flux variability over the tropical Indian Ocean
13 November, 2023 by Yohei Takano
Ocean deoxygenation due to anthropogenic warming represents a major threat to marine ecosystems and fisheries. Challenges remain in simulating the modern observed changes in the dissolved oxygen (O2). Here, we…10 November, 2023 by Richard Phillips
Knowledge of fisheries impacts, past and present, is essential for understanding the ecology and conservation of seabirds, but in a rapidly changing world, knowledge and research directions require updating. In…9 November, 2023 by Philip Trathan
Individual differences in oxygen storage and carrying capacity have been associated with fitness-related traits and, for air-breathing aquatic animals, to diving ability and foraging success. In winter, many seabirds must…8 November, 2023 by Liz Thomas
Stable water isotope records of six firn cores retrieved from two adjacent plateaus on the northern Antarctic Peninsula between 2014 and 2016 are presented and investigated for their connections with…8 November, 2023 by Susie Grant
Nests of the icefish Chionodraco hamatus were documented for the first time at about 500 m depth at Terra Nova Bay (Victoria Land, western Ross Sea), in an area included…3 November, 2023 by Florian Mekhaldi
The Sun is magnetically active and often produces eruptive events on different energetic and temporal scales. Until recently, the upper limit of such events was unknown and believed to be…