Showing 13487 items
1 November, 2016 by Richard Phillips
The Arctic is a highly seasonal environment with a harsh climate and extensive sea ice cover during the winter. Consequently, most Arctic-breeding seabirds migrate south to reach more benign environmental…1 November, 2016 by Melody Clark, Victoria Sleight
The Antarctic clam Laternula elliptica lives almost permanently below 0 °C and therefore is a valuable and tractable model to study the mechanisms of biomineralisation in cold water. The present study…Read more on An Antarctic molluscan biomineralisation tool-kit
1 November, 2016
Summary 1.Heterozygosity–fitness correlations (HFCs) have been widely used to explore the impact of inbreeding on individual fitness. Initially, most studies used small panels of microsatellites, but more recently with the…Read more on inbreedR : an R package for the analysis of inbreeding based on genetic markers
1 November, 2016 by Anna Jones, David Newnham
The sub-millimetre is an understudied region of the Earth's atmospheric electromagnetic spectrum. Prior technological gaps and relatively high opacity due to the prevalence of rotational water vapour lines at these…28 October, 2016 by Adrian Jenkins, Povl Abrahamsen, Keith Nicholls
We present subannual observations (2009–2014) of a major West Antarctic glacier (Pine Island Glacier) and the neighboring ocean. Ongoing glacier retreat and accelerated ice flow were likely triggered a few…Read more on Sensitivity of Pine Island Glacier to observed ocean forcing
26 October, 2016 by Claire Waluda, Derren Fox, Jennifer Jackson, Michael Dunn, Stacey Adlard
We report long-term changes in population size of three species of sympatrically breeding pygoscelid penguins: Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarctica) and gentoo (Pygoscelis papua ellsworthii) over a 38 year…24 October, 2016 by Peter Convey
Most climate and environmental change models predict significant increases in temperature and precipitation by the end of the 21st Century, for which the current functional output of certain symbioses may…16 October, 2016 by Richard Horne
Magnetosonic waves and electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are important for electron acceleration and loss from the radiation belts. It is generally understood that these waves are generated by unstable…16 October, 2016 by Paul Holland
Previous work have shown that sea ice variability in the South Pacific is associated with extratropical atmospheric anomalies linked to the Southern Oscillation (SO). Over a 32 year period (1982–2013), our…Read more on Linked trends in the South Pacific sea ice edge and Southern Oscillation Index
15 October, 2016 by Fausto Ferraccioli, Tom Jordan
The relative roles of climate and tectonics in mountain building have been widely debated. Central to this debate is the process of flexural uplift in response to valley incision. Here…Read more on Erosion-driven uplift in the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains of East Antarctica
14 October, 2016 by Eugene Murphy, John Turner, Philip Trathan
We compare and contrast the ecological impacts of atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns on polar and sub-polar marine ecosystems. Circulation patterns differ strikingly between the north and south. Meridional circulation…11 October, 2016 by Dani Jones, Sudipta Goswami
The MITgcm (MIT General Circulation Model) is a numerical model designed for study of the atmosphere, ocean, and climate (Marshall et al. 1997a,b). Its non-hydrostatic formulation enables it to simulate…3 October, 2016 by Huw Griffiths, Katrin Linse, Oliver Hogg
Global biodiversity is in decline, with the marine environment experiencing significant and increasing anthropogenic pressures. In response marine protected areas (MPAs) have increasingly been adopted as the flagship approach to…1 October, 2016 by Fausto Ferraccioli, Alistair Crame, Jane Francis, Rowan Whittle, Vanessa Bowman
The Paleocene (66–56 Ma) was a critical time interval for understanding recovery from mass extinction in high palaeolatitudes when global climate was warmer than today. A unique sedimentary succession from…1 October, 2016 by Jeremy Wilkinson
In ice-covered seas, traditional air-side oil spill detection methods face practical challenges. Conversely, under-ice remote sensing techniques are increasingly viable due to improving operational capabilities of autonomous and remotely operated…Read more on Broadband acoustic backscatter from crude oil under laboratory-grown sea ice
1 October, 2016 by Monique Grol
This study assessed the biodiversity of sponges within the Integrated Marine and Coastal Regionalisation for Australia (IMCRA) bioregions of the Pilbara using datasets amalgamated from the Western Australian Museum and…Read more on Patterns of sponge biodiversity in the Pilbara, Northwestern Australia
1 October, 2016 by Elena Field
Remote sensing-based approaches to lithological mapping are traditionally pixel-oriented, with classification performed on either a per-pixel or sub-pixel basis with complete disregard for contextual information about neighbouring pixels. However, intra-class…1 October, 2016 by Liz Thomas
Since 1979 when continuous satellite observations began, Southern Ocean sea ice cover has increased, whilst global coupled climate models simulate a decrease over the same period. It is uncertain whether…1 October, 2016 by Andrew Meijers, Dani Jones, Povl Abrahamsen, Michael Meredith
The export of waters from the Weddell Gyre to lower latitudes is an integral component of the southern subpolar contribution to the three-dimensional oceanic circulation. Here we use more than…1 October, 2016 by Emma Woodfield, Richard Horne
Whistler mode chorus emission is important in the acceleration of electrons and filling of the radiation belts at Jupiter. In this work chorus magnetic intensity levels (frequency-integrated spectral density, PB)…Read more on Survey of whistler mode chorus intensity at Jupiter
1 October, 2016 by Anje-Margriet Neutel, Michael Thorne
The connectedness of species in a trophic web has long been a key structural characteristic for both theoreticians and empiricists in their understanding of community stability. In the past decades,…Read more on Beyond connectedness: why pairwise metrics cannot capture community stability
1 October, 2016 by Hilmar Gudmundsson, Samantha Royston
The dominant mass-loss process on the Antarctic Peninsula has been ice-shelf collapse, including the Larsen A Ice Shelf in early 1995. Following this collapse, there was rapid speed up and…1 October, 2016 by Claire Waluda, Hugh Venables, Sophie Fielding
Iron is an essential nutrient for phytoplankton, but low concentrations limit primary production and associated atmospheric carbon drawdown in large parts of the world’s oceans [ 1, 2 ]. Lithogenic…Read more on Zooplankton gut passage mobilizes lithogenic iron for ocean productivity
1 October, 2016 by Mark Belchier
The Patagonian toothfish, Dissostichus eleginoides, is a valuable fishery species and has a discontinuous distribution across the Southern Ocean. Identification of the genetic stock structure of toothfish would allow evaluation…Read more on Genetic structure of Patagonian toothfish populations from otolith DNA
1 October, 2016 by Adrian Jenkins
The Amundsen Sea is a key region of Antarctica where ocean, atmosphere, sea ice, and ice sheet interact. For much of Antarctica, the relatively warm water of the open Southern…1 October, 2016 by Adrian Jenkins, Paul Holland
The most rapid loss of ice from the Antarctic Ice Sheet is observed where ice streams flow into the ocean and begin to float, forming the great Antarctic ice shelves…Read more on Modeling Ice Shelf/Ocean Interaction in Antarctica: A Review
1 October, 2016 by Peter Convey
The search for cold-adapted and cold-active fungi in extreme environments provides the potential for discovering new species and novel bioactive compounds. In this study, soil samples were collected from Deception…Read more on Antimicrobial activity of microfungi from maritime Antarctic soil
29 September, 2016 by Emilie Capron
The last interglacial period (LIG, ~ 129–116 thousand years ago) provides the most recent case study for multi-millennial polar warming above pre-industrial level and a respective response of the Greenland…Read more on How warm was Greenland during the last interglacial period?
29 September, 2016 by Emilie Capron
Recent data compilations of the early Last Interglacial period have indicated a bipolar temperature response at 130 ka, with colder-than-present temperatures in the North Atlantic and warmer-than-present temperatures in the…Read more on Impact of melt water on high latitude early Last Interglacial climate
28 September, 2016 by Gareth Marshall
Understanding the causes of recent climatic trends and variability in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere is hampered by a short instrumental record. Here, we analyse recent atmosphere, surface ocean and sea-ice…Read more on Assessing recent trends in high-latitude Southern Hemisphere surface climate
16 September, 2016 by Carlos Martin Garcia, Ed King, Hugh Corr, Jonathan Kingslake, Robert Arthern
We date a recent ice-flow reorganization of an ice divide in the Weddell Sea Sector, West Antarctica, using a novel combination of inverse methods and ice-penetrating radars. We invert for…12 September, 2016 by David Newnham, Mark Clilverd
This study presents a new ion-neutral chemical model coupled into the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). The ionospheric D region (altitudes ~ 50–90 km) chemistry is based on the…9 September, 2016 by Eugene Murphy, Katrin Linse, Michael Meredith
The Antarctic marine ecosystem is strongly dependent on the regional circulation and climate of the ocean, and is important because of its role in the global carbon cycle, fisheries, and…Read more on Impacts and effects of ocean warming on Antarctic ecosystems and species
1 September, 2016 by Simeon Hill
The diets of marine predators are a potential source of information about range shifts in their prey. For example, the short-finned squid Illex argentinus, a commercially fished species on the…1 September, 2016 by Kelly Hogan
Recent work has confirmed that grounded ice reached the shelf break in central West Greenland during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Here we use a combination of marine sediment-core data,…Read more on Deglaciation of a major palaeo-ice stream in Disko Trough, West Greenland
1 September, 2016 by Kelly Hogan
The deglacial history and oceanography of Uummannaq Trough, central West Greenland continental shelf, was investigated using foraminiferal, sedimentological, and bathymetric records together with a radiocarbon chronology, providing a timeline for…1 September, 2016 by Sophie Fielding
Target identification remains a challenge for acoustic surveys of marine fauna. Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, are typically identified through a combination of expert scrutiny of echograms and analysis of differences…Read more on Classification of Southern Ocean krill and icefish echoes using random forests
1 September, 2016 by Clara Manno, Geraint Tarling
Biogeochemical and diatom export fluxes are presented from two bathypelagic sediment trap deployments in the Antarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean. One of the sediment traps was deployed in very…1 September, 2016 by Richard Phillips
Seabirds are amongst the most globally-threatened of all groups of birds, and conservation issues specific to albatrosses (Diomedeidae) and large petrels (Procellaria spp. and giant petrels Macronectes spp.) led to…Read more on The conservation status and priorities for albatrosses and large petrels
1 September, 2016 by Eugene Murphy, Huw Griffiths, Sophie Fielding
Reliable statements about variability and change in marine ecosystems and their underlying causes are needed to report on their status and to guide management. Here we use the Framework on…1 September, 2016 by Paul Holland
We derive the terms in the Antarctic sea ice concentration budget from the output of three models, and compare them to observations of the same terms. Those models include two…1 September, 2016 by Andrew Meijers, Dani Jones, Ewa Karczewska, Emily Shuckburgh
In several regions north of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), deep wintertime convection refreshes pools of weakly stratified subsurface water collectively referred to as Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW). SAMW ventilates…Read more on How does Subantarctic Mode Water ventilate the Southern Hemisphere subtropics?
1 September, 2016 by Carl Robinson, David Jones, Tom Jordan
The British Antarctic Survey regularly conducts airborne surveys with Twin Otter aircraft equipped with a variety of instruments. Each instrument captures its specific navigation requirements in a dedicated cockpit display…Read more on An avionics platform for multi-instrument survey navigation
1 September, 2016 by Michael Meredith
We analyzed 20 years (1993–2013) of observations of dissolved inorganic macronutrients (nitrate, N; phosphate, P; and silicate, Si) and chlorophyll a (Chl) at Palmer Station, Antarctica (64.8°S, 64.1°W) to elucidate how…1 September, 2016 by Gareth Marshall, Rebecca Vignols
The authors provide a detailed climatology and evaluation of recent climate change in the Kola Peninsula, Arctic Russia, a region influenced by both the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. The…1 September, 2016 by Richard Phillips
Many seabird populations are threatened by interactions with commercial fisheries, and climate change. Understanding their prey requirements and dietary flexibility in this context is important for effective conservation and management.…1 September, 2016 by Robert Mulvaney
Low atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration1 during the Little Ice Age has been used to derive the global carbon cycle sensitivity to temperature2. Recent evidence3 confirms earlier indications4 that the…1 September, 2016 by Eugene Murphy, Jonathan Watkins, Janet Silk, Philip Trathan, Sally Thorpe, Simeon Hill, Sophie Fielding
Antarctic krill is a key prey species for many vertebrate and invertebrate predators in the Southern Ocean; it is also an abundant fishery resource in the Scotia Sea and southern…1 September, 2016 by Stephen Roberts
Antarctic soils are known to be oligotrophic and of having low buffering capacities. It is expected that this is particularly the case for inland high-altitude regions. We hypothesized that the…1 September, 2016 by Richard Horne
Electron precipitation down to the atmosphere due to wave-particle scattering in the magnetosphere contributes significantly to the auroral ionospheric conductivity. In order to obtain the auroral conductivity in global MHD…30 August, 2016 by Xin Yang
Mercury (Hg) is a worldwide contaminant that can cause adverse health effects to wildlife and humans. While atmospheric modeling traces the link from emissions to deposition of Hg onto environmental…24 August, 2016 by Tobias Kersten
Modern society relies substantially on satellite technology as it is involved in vital services like telecommunication services, Earth observation, navigation, and many more. There are more than 1000 operational satellites…18 August, 2016 by Michael Meredith
The distribution of noble gases and helium isotopes in the dense shelf waters of Antarctica reflect the boundary conditions near the ocean surface: air-sea exchange, sea ice formation and subsurface…16 August, 2016 by Louise Sime, Max Holloway
Several studies have suggested that sea-level rise during the last interglacial implies retreat of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). The prevalent hypothesis is that the retreat coincided with the…2 August, 2016 by Keith Nicholls
The average rate of melting at the base of the large Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf in the southern Weddell Sea is currently low, but projected to increase dramatically within the next…1 August, 2016
The Heroic Age of Antarctic exploration spanned the period from 1895 to 1922. Medical men who took part in the expeditions of that period made significant contributions to the expeditions…Read more on Medical memorials of the Heroic Age of Antarctic exploration
1 August, 2016 by Alex Burton-Johnson, Martin Black, Peter Fretwell
As the accuracy and sensitivity of remote-sensing satellites improve, there is an increasing demand for more accurate and updated base datasets for surveying and monitoring. However, differentiating rock outcrop from…1 August, 2016 by Kevin Hughes
Antarctic non-native species legislation is contained within the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, with 2016 marking the 25th anniversary of its adoption. We take this opportunity to…1 August, 2016 by Alexander Tate, Peter Fretwell, Philip Leat, Robert Larter
The South Sandwich Islands and associated seamounts constitute the volcanic arc of an active subduction system situated in the South Atlantic. We introduce a map of the bathymetry and geological…Read more on Bathymetry and geological setting of the South Sandwich Islands volcanic arc
1 August, 2016
The dramatic increase in the application of genomic techniques to non-model organisms (NMOs) over the past decade has yielded numerous valuable contributions to evolutionary biology and ecology, many of which…1 August, 2016 by Claire Allen
The presence of a di-unsaturated highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) lipid biomarker (diene II) in Southern Ocean sediments has previously been proposed as a proxy measure of palaeo Antarctic sea ice.…1 August, 2016 by Jeremy Wilkinson
A comprehensive set of autonomous, ice-ocean measurements were collected across the Canada Basin to study the summer evolution of the ice-ocean boundary layer (IOBL) and ocean mixed layer (OML). Evaluation…1 August, 2016 by Catharine Horswill, Norman Ratcliffe, Philip Trathan, Richard Phillips
In the open ocean ecosystem, climate and anthropogenic changes have driven biological change at both ends of the food chain. Understanding how the population dynamics of pelagic predators are simultaneously…1 August, 2016 by Jaume Forcada, Michael Thorne
Background Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery is an important goal of many studies. However, the number of ‘putative’ SNPs discovered from a sequence resource may not provide a reliable indication…1 August, 2016 by John Isles, Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne
Relativistic electrons can penetrate spacecraft shielding and can damage satellite components. Spacecraft in medium Earth orbit pass through the heart of the outer radiation belt and may be exposed to…1 August, 2016 by Jaume Forcada
Although the genetic basis of color variation has been extensively studied in humans and domestic animals, the genetic polymorphisms responsible for different color morphs remain to be elucidated in many…1 August, 2016 by Eugene Murphy, Geraint Tarling, Gabriele Stowasser, Peter Enderlein, Sophie Fielding
The ocean’s biological carbon pump plays a central role in regulating atmospheric CO2 levels. In particular, the depth at which sinking organic carbon is broken down and respired in the…1 August, 2016 by David Pearce, Peter Convey
Planococcus kocurii ATCC 43650T is a halotolerant and psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from the skin of a North sea cod. Here, we present the first complete genome and annotation of P.…1 August, 2016 by Andrew Orr
The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) instrument on board the ESA Envisat satellite operated from July 2002 until April 2012. The infrared limb emission measurements represent a unique…1 August, 2016 by Richard Phillips
Upwelling regions are highly productive habitats targeted by wide-ranging marine predators and industrial fisheries. In this study, we track the migratory movements of eight seabird species from across the Atlantic;…26 July, 2016 by David Newnham, Tracy Moffat-Griffin
Meteorological and atmospheric models are being extended up to 80 km altitude but there are very few observing techniques that can measure stratospheric–mesospheric winds at altitudes between 20 and 80 km to…15 July, 2016 by David Vaughan, Michael Meredith, Paul Holland
In recent decades, hundreds of glaciers draining the Antarctic Peninsula (63° to 70°S) have undergone systematic and progressive change. These changes are widely attributed to rapid increases in regional surface…Read more on Ocean forcing of glacier retreat in the western Antarctic Peninsula
15 July, 2016 by Paul Holland
In recent decades, Antarctic sea ice has expanded slightly while Arctic sea ice has contracted dramatically. The anthropogenic contribution to these changes cannot be fully assessed unless climate models are…Read more on Observed concentration budgets of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice
14 July, 2016 by Fausto Ferraccioli
Magnetic anomalies associated with new ocean crust formation in the Adare Basin off north-western Ross Sea (43 – 26 Ma) can be traced directly into the Northern Basin that underlies the…Read more on Synchronous oceanic spreading and continental rifting in West Antarctica
6 July, 2016 by Eric Wolff
Relief of iron (Fe) limitation in the surface Southern Ocean has been suggested as one driver of the regular glacial-interglacial cycles in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). The proposed cause is…6 July, 2016 by Amelie Kirchgaessner
The SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN) is a commercially available ice nucleating particle (INP) counter manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies in Boulder, CO. The SPIN is a continuous flow diffusion…Read more on The SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN): an instrument to investigate ice nucleation
1 July, 2016
The remarkable rescue of Shackleton's men from Elephant Island, after the sinking of Endurance, and from Ross Island, has been recounted many times by both participants and historians. There has…1 July, 2016 by Jennifer Jackson, Michael Dunn, Richard Phillips, Stacey Adlard
The southern giant petrel (Macronectes giganteus) has a circumpolar distribution and breeds on subantarctic islands and a few continental Antarctic sites. Although this species has recently been down-listed to “Least…1 July, 2016 by Hilmar Gudmundsson, Paul Holland, Pierre Mathiot
Coupled ice sheet-ocean models capable of simulating moving grounding lines are just becoming available. Such models have a broad range of potential applications in studying the dynamics of marine ice…1 July, 2016 by Jaume Forcada, Michael Thorne, Philip Trathan
Custom genotyping arrays provide a flexible and accurate means of genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a large number of individuals of essentially any organism. However, validation rates, defined as…1 July, 2016 by Vsevolod Afanasyev
Scaly-sided Mergansers Mergus squamatus breed on freshwater rivers in Far East Russia, Korea, and China, wintering on similar habitat in China and Korea, but information on their post-breeding moulting habitats…1 July, 2016 by Dominic Hodgson, Peter Convey
The stable isotope compositions of moss tissue water (δ2H and δ18O) and cellulose (δ13C and δ18O), and testate amoebae populations were sampled from 61 contemporary surface samples along a 600-km…1 July, 2016 by Anna Jones, Markus Frey, Neil Brough
Surface ozone has been measured since 2004 at the coastal East Antarctic site of Dumont d'Urville (DDU), and since 2007 at the Concordia station located on the high East Antarctic…1 July, 2016 by Thomas Bracegirdle
Polar lows are intense mesoscale cyclones that occur at high latitudes in both hemispheres during winter. Their sometimes evidently convective nature, fueled by strong surface fluxes and with cloud-free centers,…1 July, 2016 by Hua Lu, Ingrid Cnossen
We study the effects of changes in the Earth's magnetic field between 1900 and 2000 on the whole atmosphere (0–500 km altitude), based on simulations with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate…1 July, 2016 by Robert Mulvaney
Atmospheric nuclear weapons testing (NWT) resulted in the injection of plutonium (Pu) into the atmosphere and subsequent global deposition. We present a new method for continuous semi-quantitative measurement of 239Pu…Read more on A method for continuous239Pu determinations in Arctic and Antarctic ice cores
1 July, 2016 by Iain Staniland
Sexual segregation in habitat use is widely reported in many taxa and can profoundly influence the distribution and behaviour of animals. However, our knowledge of the mechanisms driving sexual segregation…1 July, 2016 by Janet Silk, Michelle King, Richard Phillips, Thomas Clay, Thomas Clay
At-sea movements and activity patterns of brown skuas Stercorarius antarcticus lonnbergi from South Georgia were analysed in 2 winters, a decade apart, to examine the degree of consistency in migration…1 July, 2016 by Janet Silk, Louise Ireland, Richard Phillips, Thomas Clay, Thomas Clay
Many animals partition resources to avoid competition, and in colonially-breeding species this often leads to divergent space or habitat use. During the non-breeding season, foraging constraints are relaxed, yet the…Read more on Proximate drivers of spatial segregation in non-breeding albatrosses
1 July, 2016 by Mervyn Freeman
Substorms are fundamental and dynamic processes in the magnetosphere, converting captured solar wind magnetic energy into plasma energy. These substorms have been suggested to be a key driver of energetic…Read more on What effect do substorms have on the content of the radiation belts?
1 July, 2016 by Iain Staniland
Understanding the causes of population decline is crucial for conservation management. We therefore used genetic analysis both to provide baseline data on population structure and to evaluate hypotheses for the…1 July, 2016 by Gareth Marshall, Hua Lu, Ian White, Scott Hosking, John King, John Turner, Pranab Deb, Robert Mulvaney, Thomas Bracegirdle, Tony Phillips
Since the 1950s, research stations on the Antarctic Peninsula have recorded some of the largest increases in near-surface air temperature in the Southern Hemisphere1. This warming has contributed to the…1 July, 2016 by Liz Thomas
In this study, 3265 multiyear averaged in situ observations and 29 observational records at annual time scale are used to examine the performance of recent reanalysis and regional atmospheric climate…