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Review of potential line-transect methodologies for estimating abundance of dolphin stocks in the eastern tropical Pacific

1 January, 2018 by Peter Fretwell

A twelve-year hiatus in fishery-independent marine mammal surveys in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (ETP), combined with a mandate to monitor dolphin stock status under international agreements and the need…

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Additive effects of climate and fisheries drive ongoing declines in multiple albatross species

12 December, 2017 by Andrew Wood, Deborah Pardo, Jaume Forcada, Louise Ireland, Richard Phillips

Environmental and anthropogenic factors often drive population declines in top predators, but how their influences may combine remains unclear. Albatrosses are particularly threatened. They breed in fast-changing environments, and their…

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Influence of device accuracy and choice of algorithm for species distribution modelling of seabirds: A case study using black-browed albatrosses

1 December, 2017 by Janet Silk, Richard Phillips

Species distribution models (SDM) based on tracking data from different devices are used increasingly to explain and predict seabird distributions. However, different tracking methods provide different data resolutions, ranging from…

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Snow densification and recent accumulation along the iSTAR traverse, Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica.

1 December, 2017 by Andy Smith, Jan De Rydt, Robert Arthern, Rebecca Tuckwell, Robert Mulvaney

Neutron probe measurements of snow density from 22 sites in the Pine Island Glacier basin have been used to determine mean annual accumulation using an automatic annual-layer identification routine. A…

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Investigating trehalose synthesis genes after cold acclimation in the Antarctic nematode Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1

1 December, 2017 by Michael Thorne

Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1 is a freeze-tolerant Antarctic nematode which survives extensive intracellular ice formation. The molecular mechanisms of this extreme adaptation are still poorly understood. We recently showed that desiccation-enhanced…

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Nitrogen and phosphate removal by free and immobilised cells of Scenedesmus bijugatus (Kützing) from the Pinang River estuary, Penang, Malaysia

1 December, 2017 by Peter Convey

This research studied the effects of inorganic nutrient removal by free and immobilized Scenedesmus bijugatus cells, measured by algal growth (i.e., the chlorophyll a concentration) and the efficiency of the…

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Genetic population structure of black-browed and Campbell albatrosses, and implications for assigning provenance of birds killed in fisheries

1 December, 2017 by Richard Phillips

1.Previous genetic studies found evidence of at least three distinct groups of black-browed Thalassarche melanophris and Campbell Thalassarche impavida albatrosses in the Southern Ocean. Almost 350 individuals including samples from…

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Strong tidal variations in ice flow observed across the entire Ronne Ice Shelf and adjoining ice streams

20 November, 2017 by Hilmar Gudmundsson, Hugh Corr, Keith Makinson, Keith Nicholls, Sebastian Rosier

We present a compilation of GPS time series, including those for previously unpublished sites, showing that flow across the entire Ronne Ice Shelf and its adjoining ice streams is strongly…

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BedMachine v3: Complete Bed Topography and Ocean Bathymetry Mapping of Greenland From Multibeam Echo Sounding Combined With Mass Conservation

16 November, 2017 by Kelly Hogan

Greenland's bed topography is a primary control on ice flow, grounding line migration, calving dynamics, and subglacial drainage. Moreover, fjord bathymetry regulates the penetration of warm Atlantic water (AW) that…

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The contribution of compressional magnetic pumping to the energization of the Earth’s outer electron radiation belt during high-speed-stream-driven storms

13 November, 2017 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne

Compressional magnetic pumping is an interaction between cyclic magnetic compressions and pitch-angle scattering with the scattering acting as a catalyst to allow the cyclic compressions to energize particles. Compressional magnetic…

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Pole-to-pole connections: Similarities between Arctic and Antarctic microbiomes and their vulnerability to environmental change

10 November, 2017 by David Pearce, Peter Convey

The global biogeography of microorganisms remains poorly resolved, which limits the current understanding of microbial resilience toward environmental changes. Using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we characterized the microbial…

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In situ measurements of cloud microphysics and aerosol over coastal Antarctica during the MAC campaign

6 November, 2017 by Amelie Kirchgaessner, Constantino Listowski, Thomas Lachlan-Cope

During austral summer 2015, the Microphysics of Antarctic Clouds (MAC) field campaign collected unique and detailed airborne and ground-based in situ measurements of cloud and aerosol properties over coastal Antarctica…

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Controls on dissolved and particulate iron distribution in surface waters of the Western Antarctic Peninsula shelf

1 November, 2017 by Michael Meredith

The Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) displays high but variable productivity and is also undergoing rapid change. Long-term studies of phytoplankton communities and primary production have suggested transient limitation by the…

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Bacterial communities associated with the Southern Ocean vent gastropod, Gigantopelta chessoia: indication of horizontal symbiont transfer

1 November, 2017 by David Pearce, Katrin Linse

Recently discovered hydrothermal vents of the East Scotia Ridge (ESR) in the Southern Ocean host unique faunal communities that depend on microbial chemosynthetic primary production. These highly abundant invertebrates gain…

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Taxonomic implications of morphological complexity within the testate amoeba genus Corythion from the Antarctic Peninsula

1 November, 2017 by Dominic Hodgson, Peter Convey

Precise and sufficiently detailed morphological taxonomy is vital in biology, for example in the accurate interpretation of ecological and palaeoecological datasets, especially in polar regions, where biodiversity is poor. Testate…

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The impact of föhn winds on surface energy balance during the 2010-11 melt season over Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctica

1 November, 2017 by Amelie Kirchgaessner, Andrew Orr, John King

We use model data from the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS), measurements from automatic weather stations and satellite observations to investigate the association between surface energy balance (SEB), surface melt…

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Climatic and in-cave influences on δ18O and δ13C in a stalagmite from northeastern India through the last deglaciation

1 November, 2017 by Kira Rehfeld

Northeastern (NE) India experiences extraordinarily pronounced seasonal climate, governed by the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). The vulnerability of this region to floods and droughts calls for detailed and highly resolved…

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The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 2: Two interglacials scientific objectives and experimental Designs for Holocene and Last Interglacial simulations

1 November, 2017 by Emilie Capron

Two interglacial epochs are included in the suite of Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4) simulations in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The experimental protocols for simulations of the mid-Holocene…

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Changing measurements or changing movements? Sampling scale and movement model identifiability across generations of biologging technology

1 November, 2017 by Richard Phillips

Animal movement patterns contribute to our understanding of variation in breeding success and survival of individuals, and the implications for population dynamics. Over time, sensor technology for measuring movement patterns…

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Can Seismic Observations of Bed Conditions on Ice Streams Help Constrain Parameters in Ice Flow Models?

1 November, 2017 by Hilmar Gudmundsson, Teresa Kyrke-Smith

We investigate correlations between seismically derived estimates of basal acoustic impedance and basal slipperiness values obtained from a surface-to-bed inversion using a Stokes ice flow model. Using high-resolution measurements along…

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Long term geomagnetically induced current observations from New Zealand: peak current estimates for extreme geomagnetic storms

13 October, 2017 by Mark Clilverd

Geomagnetically Induced Current (GIC) observations made in New Zealand over 14 years show induction effects associated with a rapidly varying horizontal magnetic field (dBH/dt) during geomagnetic storms. This study analyses…

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Identification of candidate pelagic marine protected areas through a seabird seasonal-, multispecific- and extinction risk-based approach

1 October, 2017 by Richard Phillips

With increasing pressure on the oceans from environmental change, there has been a global call for improved protection of marine ecosystems through the implementation of marine protected areas (MPAs). Here,…

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The fate of the non-native collembolon, Hypogastrura viatica, at the southern end of its introduced range in Antarctica

1 October, 2017 by Kevin Hughes, Peter Convey

Invasive species present a risk to Antarctic ecosystems by altering community structure and function. Reports of non-native invertebrates are increasing at Antarctic sites subject to tourism industry and national operator…

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Highly temporally resolved response to seasonal surface melt of the Zachariae and 79N outlet glaciers in northeast Greenland

1 October, 2017 by Hilmar Gudmundsson

The seasonal response to surface melting of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream outlets, Zachariae and 79N, is investigated using new highly temporally resolved surface velocity maps for 2016 combined with…

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A synergistic approach for evaluating climate model output for ecological applications

26 September, 2017 by Claire Waluda, Eugene Murphy, Iain Staniland, Jennifer Jackson, John Turner, Nadine Johnston, Rachel Cavanagh, Thomas Bracegirdle

Increasing concern about the impacts of climate change on ecosystems is prompting ecologists and ecosystem managers to seek reliable projections of physical drivers of change. The use of global climate…

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