Found 13653 items
31 July, 2020 by David Barnes
The Southern Ocean plays a critical role in regulating global climate as a major sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), and in global ocean biogeochemistry by supplying nutrients to the…Read more on Changing biogeochemistry of the Southern Ocean and its ecosystem implications
31 July, 2020 by Peter Convey
The skin is the first line of defense against pathogen and other environmental pollutant. The body is constantly exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) that stimulates inflammatory process in the…28 July, 2020 by Irena Vankova, Keith Nicholls
Several autonomous phase-sensitive radio-echo sounders (ApRES) were deployed at Greenland glaciers to investigate ice deformation. Different attenuation settings were tested and it was observed that, in the presence of clipping…Read more on Depth-dependent artifacts resulting from ApRES signal clipping
23 July, 2020 by Thomas Bracegirdle
Projection of the contribution of ice sheets to sea level change as part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) takes the form of simulations from coupled ice…23 July, 2020 by Connor Bamford
Photographs collected during a 23 yr photo-identification study in the Moray Firth were examined to assess the prevalence, type and severity of vertebral deformations present in bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus…22 July, 2020 by Andrew Orr, Hamish Pritchard
Surface meltwater on ice shelves can exist as slush, it can pond in lakes or crevasses, or it can flow in surface streams and rivers. The collapse of the Larsen…Read more on Lateral meltwater transfer across an Antarctic ice shelf.
21 July, 2020 by Rosie Williams, Robert Arthern
We present the result of the third Marine Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project, MISMIP+. MISMIP+ is intended to be a benchmark for ice-flow models which include fast sliding marine ice…Read more on Results of the third Marine Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project (MISMIP+)
16 July, 2020 by Christopher Bull
Like many western boundary currents, the East Australian Current extension is projected to get stronger and warmer in the future. The CMIP5 multi‐model mean (MMM) projection suggests up to 5°C…
14 July, 2020 by Felipe Simoes, Peter Convey
The habitat of the intertidal flightless midge Telmatogeton magellanicus (Jacobs, 1900) is described for the first time from the northern coast of Navarino Island, Tierra del Fuego, Chile. Additionally, we…
14 July, 2020 by Jennifer Freer
Global oceans are absorbing over 90% of the heat trapped in our atmosphere due to accumulated anthropogenic greenhouse gases, resulting in increasing ocean temperatures. Such changes may influence marine ectotherms,…14 July, 2020 by Richard Horne
Van Allen Probes EMFISIS observations in both survey and burst mode are coupled with ray tracing simulations to determine the percentage of chorus wave power that exists with the conditions…14 July, 2020 by Mark Clilverd
“ACHDANet” (Automatic Chorus and Hiss Detector and Analyzer Network) project is an analogy to, and additional product of the well-known AWDANet. Our mission is to create a monitoring system which…
13 July, 2020 by Hugh Venables, Michael Meredith
Coastal zones of Antarctica harbor rich but highly variable phytoplankton communities. The mechanisms that control the dynamics of these communities are not well defined. Here we elucidate the mechanisms that…
7 July, 2020 by Johnathan Ross, Nigel Meredith, Sarah Glauert
Test particle codes indicate that electron dynamics due to interactions with low amplitude incoherent whistler mode‐waves can be adequately described by quasi‐linear theory. However there is significant evidence indicating that…
7 July, 2020 by Alexander Tate, Alice Fremand
Bathymetry (seafloor depth), is a critical parameter providing the geospatial context for a multitude of marine scientific studies. Since 1997, the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) has…Read more on The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean Version 4.0
6 July, 2020 by David Newnham, Mark Clilverd
Energetic electron precipitation leads to increased nitric oxide (NO) production in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. NO distributions in the winter time, high‐latitude Southern hemisphere atmosphere during geomagnetic storms are…
4 July, 2020 by Geraint Tarling
Routine respiration rates in the South Georgia stock of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) were measured to compare with previously published measurements on stocks from colder locations further south. Within the…
1 July, 2020 by Peter Convey
Ground surface temperature (GST) and active layer thickness (ALT) are key indicators of climate change (CC) in permafrost regions, with their relationships with climate and vegetation being crucial for the…
1 July, 2020 by Laura Gerrish
Contemporary calculations for the flux of extraterrestrial material falling to the Earth’s surface (each event referred to as a “fall”) rely upon either short-duration fireball monitoring networks or spatially limited…Read more on The spatial flux of Earth’s meteorite falls found via Antarctic data
1 July, 2020 by Richard Phillips
Fisheries bycatch is one of the biggest threats to seabird populations. Managers need to identify where and when bycatch occurs and ensure effective action. In 1999, the Food and Agriculture…
1 July, 2020 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
Tardigrades are potentially dispersed by birds, but the extent of the interactions between birds and tardigrades is virtually unknown. We discovered nine tardigrades within feces of White-bellied Seedsnipe (Attagis malouinus)…
1 July, 2020 by Clara Manno, Claire Waluda, Gabriele Stowasser, Kirstie Jones-Williams
This study investigated the distribution of plastic debris from the Atlantic portion of the Sub-Antarctic to the Antarctic Peninsula. This region is home to some of the highest concentrations of…
1 July, 2020 by Andrew Wood, Richard Phillips
Bycatch of seabirds in longline fisheries includes mortalities and live captures (mainly during hauling). Excluding outliers, the latter accounts for 5–70% (mean 40.4%) of all bycaught birds in demersal, and…
1 July, 2020 by Gareth Marshall
The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the leading mode of extratropical Southern Hemisphere climate variability, associated with changes in the strength and position of the polar jet around Antarctica. This…
1 July, 2020 by Peter Convey
Antarctic cyanobacteria may represent a potential resource of new and unique compounds with interesting capabilities. Profiling of fatty acids in Antarctic cyanobacteria can provide an overview of potential fatty acids…Read more on Fatty acid profiles of Antarctic cyanobacteria Leptolyngbya
1 July, 2020 by Scott Hosking
Multi-output Gaussian processes (MOGPs) leverage the flexibility and interpretability of GPs while capturing structure across outputs, which is desirable, for example, in spatio-temporal modelling. The key problem with MOGPs is…Read more on Scalable exact inference in multi-output Gaussian processes
30 June, 2020 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, James Smith, Robert Larter
The Antarctic Ice Sheet extent in the Weddell Sea Embayment (WSE) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ca. 19–25 calibrated kiloyears before present, cal. ka BP) and its subsequent retreat…30 June, 2020
Ectomycorrhizal fungi are key players in terrestrial ecosystems yet their mating systems and population dynamics remain poorly understood. We investigated the fine-scale relatedness structure and genetic diversity of Boletus edulis,…
29 June, 2020 by Gareth Marshall, John Turner
Over the last three decades, the South Pole has experienced a record-high statistically significant warming of 0.61 ± 0.34 °C per decade, more than three times the global average. Here, we use an…Read more on Record warming at the South Pole during the past three decades
26 June, 2020
The gut microbiome is an integral part of a species' ecology, but we know little about how host characteristics impact its development in wild populations. Here, we explored the role…Read more on Early sexual dimorphism in the developing gut microbiome of northern elephant seals
26 June, 2020 by Peter Convey
Antarctica's contemporary terrestrial biota have adapted to the continent's environmental challenges over many millions of years. It now faces the twin challenges of the multiple aspects of global and regional…
25 June, 2020 by Leo Middleton
Double diffusion occurs when the fluid density depends on two components that diffuse at different rates (e.g. heat and salt in the ocean). Double diffusion can lead to an up-gradient…
24 June, 2020 by David Pearce
Microbial communities have inherently high levels of metabolic flexibility and functional redundancy, yet the structure of microbial communities can change rapidly with environmental perturbation. To understand whether such changes observed…Read more on Functional associations and resilience in microbial communities.
24 June, 2020 by Peter Fretwell
Many wildlife species inhabit inaccessible environments, limiting researchers ability to conduct essential population surveys. Recently, very high resolution (sub-metre) satellite imagery has enabled remote monitoring of certain species directly from…
23 June, 2020 by Geraint Tarling
Antarctic krill inhabit areas of the Southern Ocean that can exceed 4.0°C, yet they preferentially inhabit regions with temperatures of −1.5 to ≤1.5°C. Successful embryonic development and hatching are key…Read more on Temperature-induced hatch failure and nauplii malformation in Antarctic krill.
16 June, 2020 by Anna Jones, Alison Ming, Markus Frey, Robert Mulvaney, Holly Winton, Xin Yang
Major tropical volcanic eruptions have emitted large quantities of stratospheric sulphate and are potential sources of stratospheric chlorine although this is less well constrained by observations. This study combines model…
16 June, 2020 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne
We extend our database of whistler mode chorus, based on data from seven satellites, by including ~3 years of data from RBSP‐A and RBSP‐B and an additional ~6 years of…
16 June, 2020 by Eugene Murphy, Gareth Marshall, Jack Arnatt, John Turner, Maria Vittoria Guarino, Rachel Cavanagh, Tony Phillips, Tom Andersson
In Austral summer 2016/17 the sea ice extent (SIE) in the Weddell Sea dropped to a near‐record value in the satellite era (1.88 × 106 km2, 56% of the long‐term…Read more on Recent decrease of summer sea ice in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica
16 June, 2020 by Gareth Marshall
This chapter discusses recent changes in Antarctic climate. Changes in the atmospheric circulation modes that influence Antarctic climate, namely, the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL), and…16 June, 2020 by Elisabeth Biersma, Peter Convey
Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems contribute a tiny proportion of the area of the continent and host an impoverished and often cryptic biota. In recent years it has been realized that much…16 June, 2020 by Stephen Roberts
The pre-last glacial maximum (LGM) Antarctic landscape with inherited preglacial topography (Sugden and Jamieson, 2018) was significantly overprinted by multiple ice advances and retreats driven by Milankovitch’s orbital forcing parameters…Read more on Chapter 5 – Tracing the deglaciation since the Last Glacial Maximum
16 June, 2020 by Dominic Hodgson
Changes in relative sea level (RSL) underpin the geomorphology and biology of the Antarctic coastal zone. They are a product of changes in regional ice dynamics, glacio-isostacy and eustatic sea…Read more on Chapter 6 – Relative sea level changes in the Antarctic coastal zone
15 June, 2020 by Scott Hosking, Michelle McCrystall
While rapid changes in Arctic climate over recent decades are widely documented, the importance of different driving mechanisms is still debated. A previous study proposed a causal connection between recent…
12 June, 2020 by Andrew Fleming
Profound changes in Arctic sea-ice, a growing desire to utilize the Arctic’s abundant natural resources, and the potential competitiveness of Arctic shipping routes, all provide for increased industry marine activity…Read more on Sea-ice information and forecast needs for industry maritime stakeholders
11 June, 2020 by Jonathan Shanklin
We review the 2014 Antarctic ozone hole, making use of a variety of ground-based and space-based measurements of ozone and ultra-violet radiation, supplemented by meteorological reanalyses. Although the polar vortex…11 June, 2020 by Jonathan Shanklin
We reviewed the 2015 and 2016 Antarctic ozone holes, making use of a variety of ground-based and spacebased measurements of ozone and ultraviolet radiation, supplemented by meteorological reanalyses. The ozone…11 June, 2020 by Jonathan Shanklin
We review the 2017 Antarctic ozone hole, making use of various meteorological reanalyses, and in-situ, satellite and ground-based measurements of ozone and related trace gases, and ground-based measurements of ultraviolet…
8 June, 2020 by Jaume Forcada
The effective size of a population (Ne), which determines its level of neutral variability, is a key evolutionary parameter. Ne can substantially depart from census sizes of present-day breeding populations…Read more on Determinants of genetic variation across eco-evolutionary scales in pinnipeds.
5 June, 2020 by Andrew Orr, Ella Gilbert, John King, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
Surface melting on Antarctic Peninsula ice shelves can influence ice shelf mass balance, and consequently sea level rise. We show that summertime cloud phase on the Larsen C ice shelf…
4 June, 2020 by Eugene Murphy
An important impact of climate change on agriculture and the sustainability of ecosystems is the increase of extended warm spells during winter. We apply crossing theory to the Central England…Read more on Trends in winter warm spells in the Central England temperature record
4 June, 2020 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
Tardigrades constitute one of the most important group in the challenging Antarctic terrestrial ecosystem. Living in various habitats, tardigrades play major roles as consumers and decomposers in the trophic networks…
3 June, 2020 by Felipe Simoes, Peter Convey
Parts of Antarctica were amongst the most rapidly changing regions of the planet during the second half of the Twentieth Century. Even so, today, most of Antarctica remains in the…
1 June, 2020 by Gareth Marshall, Henry Burgess
The Circumpolar North has been changing rapidly within the last decades, and the socioeconomic systems of the Eurasian Arctic and Siberia in particular have displayed the most dramatic changes. Here,…
1 June, 2020 by Jeremy Wilkinson
Rising Arctic maritime activities and hydrocarbon development increase the risk of an oil spill in and under Arctic sea-ice. Oil spilled under growing sea ice would be encapsulated within the…1 June, 2020 by Philip Trathan, Richard Phillips
Over evolutionary time, pathogen challenge shapes the immune phenotype of the host to better respond to an incipient threat. The extent and direction of this selection pressure depends on the…
1 June, 2020 by Adrian Jenkins
Evolving conditions at the terminus of Thwaites Glacier will be important in determining the rate of its future sea-level contribution over the coming decades. Here, we use remote-sensing observations to…
1 June, 2020 by Iain Staniland, Mark Belchier, Norman Ratcliffe, Philip Trathan, Richard Phillips
Marine protected areas can serve to regulate harvesting and conserve biodiversity. Within large multi‐use MPAs, it is often unclear to what degree critical sites of biodiversity are afforded protection against…
1 June, 2020 by Kevin Newsham
In this review, we examine the functional roles of microbial symbionts in plant tolerance to cold and freezing stresses. The impacts of symbionts on antioxidant activity, hormonal signaling and host…Read more on Functional roles of microbial symbionts in plant cold tolerance
1 June, 2020 by Eugene Murphy
Antarctic krill is a key species of important Southern Ocean food webs, yet how changes in ocean temperature and primary production may impact their habitat quality remains poorly understood. We…Read more on Circumpolar projections of Antarctic krill growth potential
1 June, 2020 by Caroline Holmes, Gareth Marshall, Scott Hosking, Thomas Bracegirdle
One of the major globally relevant systematic biases in previous generations of climate models has been an equatorward bias in the latitude of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) mid‐latitude tropospheric eddy…1 June, 2020 by David Barnes, Geraint Tarling, Henry Burgess, Michael Meredith
• The Arctic has warmed by around 2°C since 1850, approximately double the global average. Even if the Paris Agreement successfully limits global warming to a further 0.5°C, the Arctic…Read more on The Arctic and the UK: Climate, research and engagement
1 June, 2020 by Hugh Corr
It has been hypothesized that complex englacial structures identified within the East Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets are generated by (i) water freezing to the ice sheet base and evolving…
29 May, 2020 by Melody Clark
Much recent marine research has been directed towards understanding the effects of anthropogenic-induced environmental change on marine biodiversity, particularly for those animals with heavily calcified exoskeletons, such as corals, molluscs…Read more on Molecular mechanisms of biomineralization in marine invertebrates
28 May, 2020 by Andrew Kavanagh, Maude Gibbins
The mesosphere is one of the most difficult parts of the atmosphere to sample; it is too high for balloon measurements and too low for in situ satellites. Consequently, there…27 May, 2020 by Jane Francis
Drilling and coring during IODP Expedition 362 in the eastern Indian Ocean encountered probably the largest wood fragment ever recovered in scientific ocean drilling. The wood is Late Miocene in…
26 May, 2020 by Michael Thorne
Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1, a nematode cultured from the Antarctic, has the extraordinary physiological ability to survive total intracellular freezing throughout all of its compartments. While a few other organisms, all…25 May, 2020 by Irene Malmierca Vallet, Louise Sime
The shape and extent of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) during the Last Interglacial (LIG) is a matter of controversy, with different studies proposing a wide range of reconstructions. Here,…
21 May, 2020 by Chester Sands, David Barnes
Due to climate change, numerous ice bodies have been lost in the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). As a consequence, deglaciation is expected to impact the marine environment and its biota…
20 May, 2020 by Elisabeth Biersma
The effects of soil succession after glacial retreat and fertilisation by marine animals are known to have major impacts on soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in polar terrestrial ecosystems. While…
20 May, 2020 by Connor Bamford, Jennifer Jackson
As species recover from exploitation, continued assessments of connectivity and population structure are warranted to provide information for conservation and management. This is particularly true in species with high dispersal…
20 May, 2020 by Melody Clark, Victoria Sleight
A computationally predicted gene regulatory network (GRN), generated from mantle-specific gene expression profiles in the Antarctic clam Laternula elliptica, was interrogated to test the regulation and interaction of duplicated inducible…20 May, 2020 by Lloyd Peck, Peter Convey, Peter Fretwell
We present the first estimate of green snow algae community biomass and distribution along the Antarctic Peninsula. Sentinel 2 imagery supported by two field campaigns revealed 1679 snow algae blooms,…Read more on Remote sensing reveals Antarctic green snow algae as important terrestrial carbon sink
18 May, 2020 by Deborah Pardo, Richard Phillips
Invasive species present a major conservation threat globally and nowhere are their affects more pronounced than in island ecosystems. Determining how native island populations respond demographically to invasive species can…
17 May, 2020 by Iain Staniland, Jaume Forcada, Kayleigh Jones, Norman Ratcliffe
Sexual segregation has important ecological implications, but its initial development in early life stages is poorly understood. We investigated the roles of size dimorphism, social behavior, and predation risk on…
16 May, 2020 by Richard Horne
Electron Cyclotron Harmonic (ECH) waves driven by a loss cone distribution are studied in this work by self‐consistent particle‐in‐cell simulations. These waves have been suggested to play an important role…
15 May, 2020 by Anna Jones, Alison Ming, Lisa Hauge, Markus Frey, Holly Winton, Xin Yang
The nitrogen stable isotopic composition in nitrate (δ15N-NO−3) measured in ice cores from low-snow-accumulation regions in East Antarctica has the potential to provide constraints on past ultraviolet (UV) radiation and…15 May, 2020 by Anna Jones
Dimethyl sulfide and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important for atmospheric chemistry. The emissions of biogenically derived organic gases, including dimethyl sulfide and especially isoprene, are not well constrained in…
13 May, 2020 by Elisabeth Biersma
Soil micro-organisms drive the global carbon and nutrient cycles that underlie essential ecosystem functions. Yet, we are only beginning to grasp the drivers of terrestrial microbial diversity and biogeography, which…Read more on Global radiation in a rare biosphere soil diatom
12 May, 2020 by Alex Burton-Johnson, Carlos Martin Garcia, Fausto Ferraccioli
Antarctic geothermal heat flow (GHF) affects the ice sheet temperature, determining how it slides and internally deforms, as well as the rheological behaviour of the lithosphere. However, GHF remains poorly…Read more on Antarctic geothermal heat flow: future research directions
8 May, 2020 by Louis-Alexandre Couston
Planetary rotation organizes fluid motions into coherent, long-lived swirls, known as large-scale vortices (LSVs), which play an important role in the dynamics and long-term evolution of geophysical and astrophysical fluids.…8 May, 2020 by Sofia-Katerina Kufner
The 2016 Mw=7.8 Kaikōura earthquake (South Island, New Zealand) caused widespread complex ground deformation, including significant coastal uplift of rocky shorelines. This coastal deformation is used here to develop a…3 May, 2020 by Alex Brisbourne, Andy Smith, Carlos Martin Garcia
Lateral shear margins provide resistance to ice flow within ice streams and play an important role in the overall dynamics of ice sheets. The strength and location of shear margins…
2 May, 2020 by Caroline Holmes
Fully coupled climate models have long shown a wide range of Antarctic sea ice states and evolution over the satellite era. Here, we present a high‐level evaluation of Antarctic sea…1 May, 2020 by Gareth Marshall, Hua Lu, John Turner, Steve Colwell, Tony Phillips
Variability and change in near‐surface air temperature at 17 Antarctic stations is examined using data from the SCAR READER database. We consider the relationships between temperature, and atmospheric circulation, sea…Read more on Antarctic temperature variability and change from station data
1 May, 2020 by Alex Burton-Johnson, Teal Riley
Triassic orthogneisses of the Antarctic Peninsula provide evidence for the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic geological evolution of southern Gondwana within Pangaea. These rocks are sporadically exposed in southeastern Graham Land and…
1 May, 2020 by Teal Riley
Understanding the accretionary stages of Rodinia evolution and the arrangement of cratons and arc terranes is dependent upon high-precision geochronology from key piercing points of Mesoproterozoic rocks. U-Pb zircon dating…
1 May, 2020 by Steve Colwell
In July 2018, the Antarctic community came together to meet at the 13th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Cli-mate (WAMC) in Madison, Wisconsin, USA (Fig. 1); and in the following…Read more on The 13th and 14th Workshops on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate
1 May, 2020 by Peter Convey
We surveyed the distribution and diversity of fungi present in moss fairy rings from the South Shetland Islands. In the different islands accessed, the mosses Bartramia patens, Brachythecium austrosalebrosum, Bryum…
1 May, 2020 by John Turner
The Antarctic, including the continent of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, is a critically important part of the Earth system. Research in Antarctic meteorology and climate has always been a…1 May, 2020 by Jennifer Jackson
The International Whaling Commission Scientific Committee (IWC SC) Southern Hemisphere (SH) subcommittee intersessional working group (WG) was established during SC68A and aimed to: seek funding to enable the project to…
30 April, 2020 by Jennifer Freer
Diel vertical migration (DVM) refers to the daily, synchronized movement of marine animals between the surface and deep layers of the open ocean. This behavior is the largest animal migration…
24 April, 2020 by Peter Convey
The ABCD conference format (All continents, Balanced gender, low Carbon transport, Diverse backgrounds) mixes live-streamed and pre-recorded talks with in-person ones to reflect a diverse range of viewpoints and reduce…Read more on A meeting framework for inclusive and sustainable science
22 April, 2020 by Mark Clilverd
The Daedalus mission has been proposed to the European Space Agency (ESA) in response to the call for ideas for the Earth Observation program's 10th Earth Explorer. It was selected…
21 April, 2020 by Huw Griffiths, Katrin Linse, Peter Convey
A founding principle of the Antarctic Treaty is that, in the interests of all humankind, Antarctica should continue to be used exclusively for peaceful purposes and should not become the…