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Distribution and Habitat Preferences of the Newly Rediscovered Telmatogeton magellanicus (Jacobs, 1900) (Diptera: Chironomidae) on Navarino Island, Chile
14 July, 2020 by Felipe Simoes, Peter Convey
The habitat of the intertidal flightless midge Telmatogeton magellanicus (Jacobs, 1900) is described for the first time from the northern coast of Navarino Island, Tierra del Fuego, Chile. Additionally, we…
Future Distribution of Suitable Habitat for Pelagic Sharks in Australia Under Climate Change Models.
14 July, 2020 by Jennifer Freer
Global oceans are absorbing over 90% of the heat trapped in our atmosphere due to accumulated anthropogenic greenhouse gases, resulting in increasing ocean temperatures. Such changes may influence marine ectotherms,…The angular distribution of chorus waves and the importance of plumes in the chorus-to-hiss mechanism
14 July, 2020 by Richard Horne
Van Allen Probes EMFISIS observations in both survey and burst mode are coupled with ray tracing simulations to determine the percentage of chorus wave power that exists with the conditions…The derivation of bi-Maxwell distribution variables from chorus emissions detected on the ground
14 July, 2020 by Mark Clilverd
“ACHDANet” (Automatic Chorus and Hiss Detector and Analyzer Network) project is an analogy to, and additional product of the well-known AWDANet. Our mission is to create a monitoring system which…
Annual patterns in phytoplankton phenology in Antarctic coastal waters explained by environmental drivers
13 July, 2020 by Hugh Venables, Michael Meredith
Coastal zones of Antarctica harbor rich but highly variable phytoplankton communities. The mechanisms that control the dynamics of these communities are not well defined. Here we elucidate the mechanisms that…
Particle‐in‐cell experiments examine electron diffusion by whistler‐mode waves: 2. Quasi‐linear and nonlinear dynamics
7 July, 2020 by Johnathan Ross, Nigel Meredith, Sarah Glauert
Test particle codes indicate that electron dynamics due to interactions with low amplitude incoherent whistler mode‐waves can be adequately described by quasi‐linear theory. However there is significant evidence indicating that…
The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean Version 4.0
7 July, 2020 by Alexander Tate, Alice Fremand
Bathymetry (seafloor depth), is a critical parameter providing the geospatial context for a multitude of marine scientific studies. Since 1997, the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) has…Read more on The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean Version 4.0
Spatial distributions of nitric oxide in the Antarctic winter‐time middle atmosphere during geomagnetic storms
6 July, 2020 by David Newnham, Mark Clilverd
Energetic electron precipitation leads to increased nitric oxide (NO) production in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. NO distributions in the winter time, high‐latitude Southern hemisphere atmosphere during geomagnetic storms are…
Routine metabolism of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in South Georgia waters: Absence of metabolic compensation at its range edge
4 July, 2020 by Geraint Tarling
Routine respiration rates in the South Georgia stock of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) were measured to compare with previously published measurements on stocks from colder locations further south. Within the…
Effect of climate and moss vegetation on ground surface temperature and the active layer among different biogeographical regions in Antarctica
1 July, 2020 by Peter Convey
Ground surface temperature (GST) and active layer thickness (ALT) are key indicators of climate change (CC) in permafrost regions, with their relationships with climate and vegetation being crucial for the…
The spatial flux of Earth’s meteorite falls found via Antarctic data
1 July, 2020 by Laura Gerrish
Contemporary calculations for the flux of extraterrestrial material falling to the Earth’s surface (each event referred to as a “fall”) rely upon either short-duration fireball monitoring networks or spatially limited…Read more on The spatial flux of Earth’s meteorite falls found via Antarctic data
National Plans of Action (NPOAs) for reducing seabird bycatch: Developing best practice for assessing and managing fisheries impacts
1 July, 2020 by Richard Phillips
Fisheries bycatch is one of the biggest threats to seabird populations. Managers need to identify where and when bycatch occurs and ensure effective action. In 1999, the Food and Agriculture…
Potential dispersal of tardigrades by birds through endozoochory: evidence from Sub-Antarctic White-bellied Seedsnipe (Attagis malouinus)
1 July, 2020 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
Tardigrades are potentially dispersed by birds, but the extent of the interactions between birds and tardigrades is virtually unknown. We discovered nine tardigrades within feces of White-bellied Seedsnipe (Attagis malouinus)…
Close encounters – microplastic availability to pelagic amphipods in sub-Antarctic and Antarctic surface waters
1 July, 2020 by Clara Manno, Claire Waluda, Gabriele Stowasser, Kirstie Jones-Williams
This study investigated the distribution of plastic debris from the Atlantic portion of the Sub-Antarctic to the Antarctic Peninsula. This region is home to some of the highest concentrations of…
Variation in live-capture rates of albatrosses and petrels in fisheries, post-release survival and implications for management
1 July, 2020 by Andrew Wood, Richard Phillips
Bycatch of seabirds in longline fisheries includes mortalities and live captures (mainly during hauling). Excluding outliers, the latter accounts for 5–70% (mean 40.4%) of all bycaught birds in demersal, and…
The Southern Annular Mode: variability, trends, and climate impacts across the Southern Hemisphere
1 July, 2020 by Gareth Marshall
The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the leading mode of extratropical Southern Hemisphere climate variability, associated with changes in the strength and position of the polar jet around Antarctica. This…
Fatty acid profiles of Antarctic cyanobacteria Leptolyngbya
1 July, 2020 by Peter Convey
Antarctic cyanobacteria may represent a potential resource of new and unique compounds with interesting capabilities. Profiling of fatty acids in Antarctic cyanobacteria can provide an overview of potential fatty acids…Read more on Fatty acid profiles of Antarctic cyanobacteria Leptolyngbya
Scalable exact inference in multi-output Gaussian processes
1 July, 2020 by Scott Hosking
Multi-output Gaussian processes (MOGPs) leverage the flexibility and interpretability of GPs while capturing structure across outputs, which is desirable, for example, in spatio-temporal modelling. The key problem with MOGPs is…Read more on Scalable exact inference in multi-output Gaussian processes
Past ice sheet-seabed interactions in the northeastern Weddell Sea Embayment, Antarctica
30 June, 2020 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, James Smith, Robert Larter
The Antarctic Ice Sheet extent in the Weddell Sea Embayment (WSE) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ca. 19–25 calibrated kiloyears before present, cal. ka BP) and its subsequent retreat…Genetic analysis of Boletus edulis suggests that intra-specific competition may reduce local genetic diversity as a woodland ages
30 June, 2020
Ectomycorrhizal fungi are key players in terrestrial ecosystems yet their mating systems and population dynamics remain poorly understood. We investigated the fine-scale relatedness structure and genetic diversity of Boletus edulis,…
Record warming at the South Pole during the past three decades
29 June, 2020 by Gareth Marshall, John Turner
Over the last three decades, the South Pole has experienced a record-high statistically significant warming of 0.61 ± 0.34 °C per decade, more than three times the global average. Here, we use an…Read more on Record warming at the South Pole during the past three decades
Early sexual dimorphism in the developing gut microbiome of northern elephant seals
26 June, 2020
The gut microbiome is an integral part of a species' ecology, but we know little about how host characteristics impact its development in wild populations. Here, we explored the role…Read more on Early sexual dimorphism in the developing gut microbiome of northern elephant seals
Current changes in Antarctic ecosystems
26 June, 2020 by Peter Convey
Antarctica's contemporary terrestrial biota have adapted to the continent's environmental challenges over many millions of years. It now faces the twin challenges of the multiple aspects of global and regional…
A general criterion for the release of background potential energy through double diffusion
25 June, 2020 by Leo Middleton
Double diffusion occurs when the fluid density depends on two components that diffuse at different rates (e.g. heat and salt in the ocean). Double diffusion can lead to an up-gradient…
Functional associations and resilience in microbial communities.
24 June, 2020 by David Pearce
Microbial communities have inherently high levels of metabolic flexibility and functional redundancy, yet the structure of microbial communities can change rapidly with environmental perturbation. To understand whether such changes observed…Read more on Functional associations and resilience in microbial communities.
Using deep learning to count albatrosses from space: Assessing results in light of ground truth uncertainty
24 June, 2020 by Peter Fretwell
Many wildlife species inhabit inaccessible environments, limiting researchers ability to conduct essential population surveys. Recently, very high resolution (sub-metre) satellite imagery has enabled remote monitoring of certain species directly from…
Temperature-induced hatch failure and nauplii malformation in Antarctic krill.
23 June, 2020 by Geraint Tarling
Antarctic krill inhabit areas of the Southern Ocean that can exceed 4.0°C, yet they preferentially inhabit regions with temperatures of −1.5 to ≤1.5°C. Successful embryonic development and hatching are key…Read more on Temperature-induced hatch failure and nauplii malformation in Antarctic krill.
Stratospheric ozone changes from explosive tropical volcanoes: Modeling and ice core constraints
16 June, 2020 by Anna Jones, Alison Ming, Markus Frey, Robert Mulvaney, Holly Winton, Xin Yang
Major tropical volcanic eruptions have emitted large quantities of stratospheric sulphate and are potential sources of stratospheric chlorine although this is less well constrained by observations. This study combines model…
Global model of whistler mode chorus in the near-equatorial region (|MLAT| < 18 degrees)
16 June, 2020 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne
We extend our database of whistler mode chorus, based on data from seven satellites, by including ~3 years of data from RBSP‐A and RBSP‐B and an additional ~6 years of…
Recent decrease of summer sea ice in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica
16 June, 2020 by Eugene Murphy, Gareth Marshall, Jack Arnatt, John Turner, Maria Vittoria Guarino, Rachel Cavanagh, Tony Phillips, Tom Andersson
In Austral summer 2016/17 the sea ice extent (SIE) in the Weddell Sea dropped to a near‐record value in the satellite era (1.88 × 106 km2, 56% of the long‐term…Read more on Recent decrease of summer sea ice in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica
Chapter 13 – Recent climate trends
16 June, 2020 by Gareth Marshall
This chapter discusses recent changes in Antarctic climate. Changes in the atmospheric circulation modes that influence Antarctic climate, namely, the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL), and…Chapter 10 – Refuges of Antarctic diversity
16 June, 2020 by Elisabeth Biersma, Peter Convey
Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems contribute a tiny proportion of the area of the continent and host an impoverished and often cryptic biota. In recent years it has been realized that much…Chapter 5 – Tracing the deglaciation since the Last Glacial Maximum
16 June, 2020 by Stephen Roberts
The pre-last glacial maximum (LGM) Antarctic landscape with inherited preglacial topography (Sugden and Jamieson, 2018) was significantly overprinted by multiple ice advances and retreats driven by Milankovitch’s orbital forcing parameters…Read more on Chapter 5 – Tracing the deglaciation since the Last Glacial Maximum
Chapter 6 – Relative sea level changes in the Antarctic coastal zone
16 June, 2020 by Dominic Hodgson
Changes in relative sea level (RSL) underpin the geomorphology and biology of the Antarctic coastal zone. They are a product of changes in regional ice dynamics, glacio-isostacy and eustatic sea…Read more on Chapter 6 – Relative sea level changes in the Antarctic coastal zone
The impact of changes in tropical sea surface temperatures over 1979–2012 on northern hemisphere high-latitude climate
15 June, 2020 by Scott Hosking, Michelle McCrystall
While rapid changes in Arctic climate over recent decades are widely documented, the importance of different driving mechanisms is still debated. A previous study proposed a causal connection between recent…
Sea-ice information and forecast needs for industry maritime stakeholders
12 June, 2020 by Andrew Fleming
Profound changes in Arctic sea-ice, a growing desire to utilize the Arctic’s abundant natural resources, and the potential competitiveness of Arctic shipping routes, all provide for increased industry marine activity…Read more on Sea-ice information and forecast needs for industry maritime stakeholders
The Antarctic ozone hole during 2014
11 June, 2020 by Jonathan Shanklin
We review the 2014 Antarctic ozone hole, making use of a variety of ground-based and space-based measurements of ozone and ultra-violet radiation, supplemented by meteorological reanalyses. Although the polar vortex…The Antarctic ozone hole during 2015 and 2016
11 June, 2020 by Jonathan Shanklin
We reviewed the 2015 and 2016 Antarctic ozone holes, making use of a variety of ground-based and spacebased measurements of ozone and ultraviolet radiation, supplemented by meteorological reanalyses. The ozone…The Antarctic ozone hole during 2017
11 June, 2020 by Jonathan Shanklin
We review the 2017 Antarctic ozone hole, making use of various meteorological reanalyses, and in-situ, satellite and ground-based measurements of ozone and related trace gases, and ground-based measurements of ultraviolet…
Determinants of genetic variation across eco-evolutionary scales in pinnipeds.
8 June, 2020 by Jaume Forcada
The effective size of a population (Ne), which determines its level of neutral variability, is a key evolutionary parameter. Ne can substantially depart from census sizes of present-day breeding populations…Read more on Determinants of genetic variation across eco-evolutionary scales in pinnipeds.
Summertime cloud phase strongly influences surface melting on the Larsen C ice shelf, Antarctica
5 June, 2020 by Andrew Orr, Ella Gilbert, John King, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
Surface melting on Antarctic Peninsula ice shelves can influence ice shelf mass balance, and consequently sea level rise. We show that summertime cloud phase on the Larsen C ice shelf…
Trends in winter warm spells in the Central England temperature record
4 June, 2020 by Eugene Murphy
An important impact of climate change on agriculture and the sustainability of ecosystems is the increase of extended warm spells during winter. We apply crossing theory to the Central England…Read more on Trends in winter warm spells in the Central England temperature record
Integrative description of a new Dactylobiotus (Eutardigrada: Parachela) from Antarctica that reveals an intraspecific variation in tardigrade egg morphology
4 June, 2020 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
Tardigrades constitute one of the most important group in the challenging Antarctic terrestrial ecosystem. Living in various habitats, tardigrades play major roles as consumers and decomposers in the trophic networks…
Assessing distribution shifts and ecophysiological characteristics of the only Antarctic winged midge under climate change scenarios
3 June, 2020 by Felipe Simoes, Peter Convey
Parts of Antarctica were amongst the most rapidly changing regions of the planet during the second half of the Twentieth Century. Even so, today, most of Antarctica remains in the…
Improving dialogue among researchers, local and indigenous peoples and decision-makers to address issues of climate change in the North
1 June, 2020 by Gareth Marshall, Henry Burgess
The Circumpolar North has been changing rapidly within the last decades, and the socioeconomic systems of the Eurasian Arctic and Siberia in particular have displayed the most dramatic changes. Here,…
Crude oil migration in sea-ice: Laboratory studies of constraints on oil mobilization and seasonal evolution
1 June, 2020 by Jeremy Wilkinson
Rising Arctic maritime activities and hydrocarbon development increase the risk of an oil spill in and under Arctic sea-ice. Oil spilled under growing sea ice would be encapsulated within the…Evidence of pathogen-induced immunogenetic selection across the large geographic range of a wild seabird
1 June, 2020 by Philip Trathan, Richard Phillips
Over evolutionary time, pathogen challenge shapes the immune phenotype of the host to better respond to an incipient threat. The extent and direction of this selection pressure depends on the…
Intermittent structural weakening and acceleration of the Thwaites Glacier Tongue between 2000 and 2018
1 June, 2020 by Adrian Jenkins
Evolving conditions at the terminus of Thwaites Glacier will be important in determining the rate of its future sea-level contribution over the coming decades. Here, we use remote-sensing observations to…
Evaluating the effectiveness of a large multi-use MPA in protecting Key Biodiversity Areas for marine predators
1 June, 2020 by Iain Staniland, Mark Belchier, Norman Ratcliffe, Philip Trathan, Richard Phillips
Marine protected areas can serve to regulate harvesting and conserve biodiversity. Within large multi‐use MPAs, it is often unclear to what degree critical sites of biodiversity are afforded protection against…
Functional roles of microbial symbionts in plant cold tolerance
1 June, 2020 by Kevin Newsham
In this review, we examine the functional roles of microbial symbionts in plant tolerance to cold and freezing stresses. The impacts of symbionts on antioxidant activity, hormonal signaling and host…Read more on Functional roles of microbial symbionts in plant cold tolerance
Circumpolar projections of Antarctic krill growth potential
1 June, 2020 by Eugene Murphy
Antarctic krill is a key species of important Southern Ocean food webs, yet how changes in ocean temperature and primary production may impact their habitat quality remains poorly understood. We…Read more on Circumpolar projections of Antarctic krill growth potential
Improvements in Circumpolar Southern Hemisphere Extratropical Atmospheric Circulation in CMIP6 Compared to CMIP5
1 June, 2020 by Caroline Holmes, Gareth Marshall, Scott Hosking, Thomas Bracegirdle
One of the major globally relevant systematic biases in previous generations of climate models has been an equatorward bias in the latitude of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) mid‐latitude tropospheric eddy…The Arctic and the UK: Climate, research and engagement
1 June, 2020 by David Barnes, Geraint Tarling, Henry Burgess, Michael Meredith
• The Arctic has warmed by around 2°C since 1850, approximately double the global average. Even if the Paris Agreement successfully limits global warming to a further 0.5°C, the Arctic…Read more on The Arctic and the UK: Climate, research and engagement
Large-scale englacial folding and deep-ice stratigraphy within the West Antarctic Ice Sheet
1 June, 2020 by Hugh Corr
It has been hypothesized that complex englacial structures identified within the East Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets are generated by (i) water freezing to the ice sheet base and evolving…
Molecular mechanisms of biomineralization in marine invertebrates
29 May, 2020 by Melody Clark
Much recent marine research has been directed towards understanding the effects of anthropogenic-induced environmental change on marine biodiversity, particularly for those animals with heavily calcified exoskeletons, such as corals, molluscs…Read more on Molecular mechanisms of biomineralization in marine invertebrates
Mesospheric winds measured by MF radar with full correlation analysis: error properties and impacts on studies of wind variance
28 May, 2020 by Andrew Kavanagh, Maude Gibbins
The mesosphere is one of the most difficult parts of the atmosphere to sample; it is too high for balloon measurements and too low for in situ satellites. Consequently, there…Late Miocene wood recovered in Bengal–Nicobar submarine fan sediments by IODP Expedition 362
27 May, 2020 by Jane Francis
Drilling and coring during IODP Expedition 362 in the eastern Indian Ocean encountered probably the largest wood fragment ever recovered in scientific ocean drilling. The wood is Late Miocene in…
Proteomics of intracellular freezing survival
26 May, 2020 by Michael Thorne
Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1, a nematode cultured from the Antarctic, has the extraordinary physiological ability to survive total intracellular freezing throughout all of its compartments. While a few other organisms, all…Using ice cores and Gaussian process emulation to recover changes in the Greenland Ice Sheet during the last interglacial
25 May, 2020 by Irene Malmierca Vallet, Louise Sime
The shape and extent of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) during the Last Interglacial (LIG) is a matter of controversy, with different studies proposing a wide range of reconstructions. Here,…
The influence of glacial melt and retreat on the nutritional condition of the bivalve Nuculana inaequisculpta (Protobranchia: Nuculanidae) in the West Antarctic Peninsula
21 May, 2020 by Chester Sands, David Barnes
Due to climate change, numerous ice bodies have been lost in the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). As a consequence, deglaciation is expected to impact the marine environment and its biota…
Combined effects of glacial retreat and penguin activity on soil greenhouse gas fluxes on South Georgia, sub-Antarctica
20 May, 2020 by Elisabeth Biersma
The effects of soil succession after glacial retreat and fertilisation by marine animals are known to have major impacts on soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in polar terrestrial ecosystems. While…
Genetic diversity and connectivity of southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) found in the Brazil and Chile-Peru wintering grounds and the South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur) feeding ground
20 May, 2020 by Connor Bamford, Jennifer Jackson
As species recover from exploitation, continued assessments of connectivity and population structure are warranted to provide information for conservation and management. This is particularly true in species with high dispersal…
Gene network analyses support subfunctionalization hypothesis for duplicated hsp70 genes in the Antarctic clam
20 May, 2020 by Melody Clark, Victoria Sleight
A computationally predicted gene regulatory network (GRN), generated from mantle-specific gene expression profiles in the Antarctic clam Laternula elliptica, was interrogated to test the regulation and interaction of duplicated inducible…Remote sensing reveals Antarctic green snow algae as important terrestrial carbon sink
20 May, 2020 by Lloyd Peck, Peter Convey, Peter Fretwell
We present the first estimate of green snow algae community biomass and distribution along the Antarctic Peninsula. Sentinel 2 imagery supported by two field campaigns revealed 1679 snow algae blooms,…Read more on Remote sensing reveals Antarctic green snow algae as important terrestrial carbon sink
Introduced species and extreme weather as key drivers of reproductive output in three sympatric albatrosses
18 May, 2020 by Deborah Pardo, Richard Phillips
Invasive species present a major conservation threat globally and nowhere are their affects more pronounced than in island ecosystems. Determining how native island populations respond demographically to invasive species can…
Risk exposure trade-offs in the ontogeny of sexual segregation in Antarctic fur seal pups
17 May, 2020 by Iain Staniland, Jaume Forcada, Kayleigh Jones, Norman Ratcliffe
Sexual segregation has important ecological implications, but its initial development in early life stages is poorly understood. We investigated the roles of size dimorphism, social behavior, and predation risk on…
Particle‐in‐cell simulation of electron cyclotron harmonic waves driven by a loss cone distribution
16 May, 2020 by Richard Horne
Electron Cyclotron Harmonic (ECH) waves driven by a loss cone distribution are studied in this work by self‐consistent particle‐in‐cell simulations. These waves have been suggested to play an important role…
Deposition, recycling and archival of nitrate stable isotopes between the air-snow interface: comparison between Dronning Maud Land and Dome C, Antarctica
15 May, 2020 by Anna Jones, Alison Ming, Lisa Hauge, Markus Frey, Holly Winton, Xin Yang
The nitrogen stable isotopic composition in nitrate (δ15N-NO−3) measured in ice cores from low-snow-accumulation regions in East Antarctica has the potential to provide constraints on past ultraviolet (UV) radiation and…Underway seawater and atmospheric measurements of volatile organic compounds in the Southern Ocean
15 May, 2020 by Anna Jones
Dimethyl sulfide and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important for atmospheric chemistry. The emissions of biogenically derived organic gases, including dimethyl sulfide and especially isoprene, are not well constrained in…
Global radiation in a rare biosphere soil diatom
13 May, 2020 by Elisabeth Biersma
Soil micro-organisms drive the global carbon and nutrient cycles that underlie essential ecosystem functions. Yet, we are only beginning to grasp the drivers of terrestrial microbial diversity and biogeography, which…Read more on Global radiation in a rare biosphere soil diatom
Antarctic geothermal heat flow: future research directions
12 May, 2020 by Alex Burton-Johnson, Carlos Martin Garcia, Fausto Ferraccioli
Antarctic geothermal heat flow (GHF) affects the ice sheet temperature, determining how it slides and internally deforms, as well as the rheological behaviour of the lithosphere. However, GHF remains poorly…Read more on Antarctic geothermal heat flow: future research directions
Shape and size of large-scale vortices: A generic fluid pattern in geophysical fluid dynamics
8 May, 2020 by Louis-Alexandre Couston
Planetary rotation organizes fluid motions into coherent, long-lived swirls, known as large-scale vortices (LSVs), which play an important role in the dynamics and long-term evolution of geophysical and astrophysical fluids.…Using a calibrated upper living position of marine biota to calculate coseismic uplift: a case study of the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake, New Zealand
8 May, 2020 by Sofia-Katerina Kufner
The 2016 Mw=7.8 Kaikōura earthquake (South Island, New Zealand) caused widespread complex ground deformation, including significant coastal uplift of rocky shorelines. This coastal deformation is used here to develop a…Relating radar-sounding measurements of ice fabric to ice-flow enhancement of Rutford Ice Stream.
3 May, 2020 by Alex Brisbourne, Andy Smith, Carlos Martin Garcia
Lateral shear margins provide resistance to ice flow within ice streams and play an important role in the overall dynamics of ice sheets. The strength and location of shear margins…
Antarctic Sea Ice Area in CMIP6
2 May, 2020 by Caroline Holmes
Fully coupled climate models have long shown a wide range of Antarctic sea ice states and evolution over the satellite era. Here, we present a high‐level evaluation of Antarctic sea…Antarctic temperature variability and change from station data
1 May, 2020 by Gareth Marshall, Hua Lu, John Turner, Steve Colwell, Tony Phillips
Variability and change in near‐surface air temperature at 17 Antarctic stations is examined using data from the SCAR READER database. We consider the relationships between temperature, and atmospheric circulation, sea…Read more on Antarctic temperature variability and change from station data
The Gondwanan margin in West Antarctica: insights from Late Triassic magmatism of the Antarctic Peninsula
1 May, 2020 by Alex Burton-Johnson, Teal Riley
Triassic orthogneisses of the Antarctic Peninsula provide evidence for the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic geological evolution of southern Gondwana within Pangaea. These rocks are sporadically exposed in southeastern Graham Land and…
U-Pb zircon geochronology from Haag Nunataks, Coats Land and Shackleton Range (Antarctica): constraining the extent of juvenile Late Mesoproterozoic arc terranes
1 May, 2020 by Teal Riley
Understanding the accretionary stages of Rodinia evolution and the arrangement of cratons and arc terranes is dependent upon high-precision geochronology from key piercing points of Mesoproterozoic rocks. U-Pb zircon dating…
The 13th and 14th Workshops on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate
1 May, 2020 by Steve Colwell
In July 2018, the Antarctic community came together to meet at the 13th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Cli-mate (WAMC) in Madison, Wisconsin, USA (Fig. 1); and in the following…Read more on The 13th and 14th Workshops on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate
Opportunistic fungi found in fairy rings are present on different moss species in the Antarctic Peninsula
1 May, 2020 by Peter Convey
We surveyed the distribution and diversity of fungi present in moss fairy rings from the South Shetland Islands. In the different islands accessed, the mosses Bartramia patens, Brachythecium austrosalebrosum, Bryum…
Preface to the Special Issue on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate: Past, Present and Future
1 May, 2020 by John Turner
The Antarctic, including the continent of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, is a critically important part of the Earth system. Research in Antarctic meteorology and climate has always been a…Progress Report on the intersessional working group Multi-ocean assessment of southern right whale demographic parameters and links to environmental correlates, June 2019 to May 2020
1 May, 2020 by Jennifer Jackson
The International Whaling Commission Scientific Committee (IWC SC) Southern Hemisphere (SH) subcommittee intersessional working group (WG) was established during SC68A and aimed to: seek funding to enable the project to…
DVM: The World’s Biggest Game of Hide-and-Seek
30 April, 2020 by Jennifer Freer
Diel vertical migration (DVM) refers to the daily, synchronized movement of marine animals between the surface and deep layers of the open ocean. This behavior is the largest animal migration…
A meeting framework for inclusive and sustainable science
24 April, 2020 by Peter Convey
The ABCD conference format (All continents, Balanced gender, low Carbon transport, Diverse backgrounds) mixes live-streamed and pre-recorded talks with in-person ones to reflect a diverse range of viewpoints and reduce…Read more on A meeting framework for inclusive and sustainable science
Daedalus: a low-flying spacecraft for in situ exploration of the lower thermosphere-ionosphere
22 April, 2020 by Mark Clilverd
The Daedalus mission has been proposed to the European Space Agency (ESA) in response to the call for ideas for the Earth Observation program's 10th Earth Explorer. It was selected…
Editorial: Antarctic Biology: Scale Matters.
21 April, 2020 by Huw Griffiths, Katrin Linse, Peter Convey
A founding principle of the Antarctic Treaty is that, in the interests of all humankind, Antarctica should continue to be used exclusively for peaceful purposes and should not become the…On the annual variability of Antarctic aerosol size distributions at Halley research station
20 April, 2020 by Anna Jones, Neil Brough, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
The Southern Ocean and Antarctic region currently best represent one of the few places left on our planet with conditions similar to the preindustrial age. Currently, climate models have low…An updated seabed bathymetry beneath Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula
20 April, 2020 by Alex Brisbourne, Andy Smith, Keith Nicholls, Lianne Harrison, Paul Holland, Thomas Hudson, Thomas Hudson
In recent decades, rapid ice-shelf disintegration along the Antarctic Peninsula has had a global impact through enhancing outlet glacier flow, and hence sea level rise, and the freshening of Antarctic…Read more on An updated seabed bathymetry beneath Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula
Examining local time variations in the gains and losses of open magnetic flux during substorms
16 April, 2020 by Gareth Chisham
The open magnetic flux content of the magnetosphere varies during substorms as a result of dayside and nightside reconnection. The open flux can be calculated from the area of the…
A multi-instrument approach to determining the source‐region extent of EEP-driving EMIC Waves
16 April, 2020 by Mark Clilverd
Recent years have seen debate regarding the ability of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves to drive EEP (energetic electron precipitation) into the Earth's atmosphere. Questions still remain regarding the energies…
A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records
14 April, 2020 by Stephen Roberts
A comprehensive database of paleoclimate records is needed to place recent warming into the longer-term context of natural climate variability. We present a global compilation of quality-controlled, published, temperature-sensitive proxy…Read more on A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records
AMPERE Polar Cap Boundaries
8 April, 2020 by Gareth Chisham
The high-latitude atmosphere is a dynamic region with processes that respond to forcing from the Sun, magnetosphere, neutral atmosphere, and ionosphere. Historically, the dominance of magnetosphere–ionosphere interactions has motivated upper…How useful is snow accumulation in reconstructing surface air temperature in Antarctica? A study combining ice core records and climate models
8 April, 2020 by Liz Thomas, Louise Sime, Max Holloway
Improving our knowledge of the temporal and spatial variability of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) surface mass balance (SMB) is crucial to reduce the uncertainties of past, present, and future…Ontogenetic changes in habitat and trophic ecology of the giant Antarctic octopus Megaleledone setebos inferred from stable isotope analyses in beaks
8 April, 2020
The giant Antarctic Octopus Megaleledone setebos is the largest Southern Ocean octopod whose ecology is poorly known. Here, we study ontogenetic shifts of habitat and trophic ecology of M. setebos…