Showing 13455 items
18 May, 2021 by Andrew Orr, Gareth Marshall, Hua Lu, Thomas Bracegirdle
This study quantifies differences among four widely used atmospheric reanalysis datasets (ERA5, JRA-55, MERRA-2, and CFSR) in their representation of the dynamical changes induced by springtime polar stratospheric ozone depletion…
17 May, 2021 by Michael McCarthy, Michael McCarthy
Glaciers in High Mountain Asia generate meltwater that supports the water needs of 250 million people, but current knowledge of annual accumulation and ablation is limited to sparse field measurements…Read more on Health and sustainability of glaciers in High Mountain Asia
17 May, 2021 by Andrew Fleming, Andreas Cziferszky
Current deep learning architectures for remote sensing are trained on small datasets typically using 1 GPU without taking advantage of new innovative approaches such as distributed scale-out deep learning. In…Read more on The ExtremeEarth software architecture for Copernicus earth observation data
17 May, 2021 by Andrew Fleming, Andreas Cziferszky
ExtremeEarth is a three-year H2020 ICT research and innovation project. Its main objective is to develop Artificial Intelligence and big data technologies that scale to the large volumes of big…
16 May, 2021 by Mark Clilverd
For many years, it was believed that resonant interactions between electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves and radiation belt electrons were restricted to electron energies > 1 − 2 MeV. In…Read more on Evidence of sub‐MeV EMIC‐driven trapped electron flux dropouts from GPS observations
15 May, 2021 by Jakub Stocek
We propose an operator preconditioner for general elliptic pseudodifferential equations in a domain Ω, where Ω is either in Rn or in a Riemannian manifold. For linear systems of equations…Read more on Optimal operator preconditioning for pseudodifferential boundary problems.
13 May, 2021 by Deb Shoosmith
Hydrographic data are analyzed for the broad continental shelf of the Bellingshausen Sea, which is host to a number of rapidly‐thinning ice shelves. The flow of warm Circumpolar Deep Water…Read more on Ice‐shelf meltwater overturning in the Bellingshausen Sea
13 May, 2021 by David Barnes, Huw Griffiths, Simon Morley
Knowledge of life on the Southern Ocean seafloor has substantially grown since the beginning of this century with increasing ship-based surveys and regular monitoring sites, new technologies and greatly enhanced…
7 May, 2021 by Tracy Moffat-Griffin
Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (SSWs) could act as an important mediator in the vertical coupling of atmospheric regions and dramatic variations in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) in response to…6 May, 2021 by Peter Convey
Two cyanobacterial morphotypes isolated from Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, maritime Antarctica were characterised using a polyphasic approach combining morphological, cytological and molecular analyses. These analyses showed that the strains…
5 May, 2021 by Louise Sime
Improving the understanding of changes in the mean and variability of climate variables as well as their interrelation is crucial for reliable climate change projections. Comparisons between general circulation models…
5 May, 2021 by Philip Hollyman
Using growth rings observed in statoliths, the size-at-age relationship was modeled for waved whelk (Buccinum undatum) populations within the Mid-Atlantic Bight. A total of 45 sites in the Mid-Atlantic were…
5 May, 2021 by Robert Mulvaney
We present novel measurements of the carbon isotope composition of CFC-11 (CCl3F), CFC-12 (CCl2F2), and CFC-113 (CF2ClCFCl2), three atmospheric trace gases that are important for both stratospheric ozone depletion and…5 May, 2021 by Joseph Ulanowski
This paper presents measurements of mineral dust concentration in the diameter range from 0.4 to 14.0 µm with a novel balloon-borne optical particle counter, the Universal Cloud and Aerosol Sounding System…
1 May, 2021 by Povl Abrahamsen
Deploying long‐range autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) mid‐water column in the deep ocean is one of the most challenging applications for these submersibles. Without external support and speed over the ground…Read more on Terrain-aided navigation for long-range AUVs in dynamic under-mapped environments
1 May, 2021 by Jakob Thyrring, Lloyd Peck, Melody Clark
The Arctic is experiencing particularly rapid rates of warming, consequently invasive boreal species are now able to survive the less extreme Arctic winter temperatures. Whilst persistence of intertidal and terrestrial…Read more on Resilience in Greenland intertidal Mytilus: The hidden stress defense
1 May, 2021 by Hugh Venables, Alexander Brearley, Michael Meredith, Ryan Scott
Quantifying and understanding the processes driving turbulent mixing around Antarctica is key to closing the Southern Ocean’s heat budget, an essential component of the global climate system. In 2016, a…1 May, 2021 by Geraint Tarling, Gabriele Stowasser, Ryan Saunders, Sophie Fielding
Indicators of oxidative stress and metabolic capacity are key factors in understanding the fitness of wild populations. In the present study, these factors were evaluated in the pelagic Southern Ocean…1 May, 2021 by Peter Convey
We assessed the diversity of fungal DNA present in sediments of three lakes on Vega Island, north-east Antarctic Peninsula using metabarcoding through high-throughput sequencing (HTS). A total of 640,902 fungal…1 May, 2021 by Andrew Kavanagh, Ingrid Cnossen
Orbital data from the year 1967 onwards has allowed for historical observations of the thermosphere, and has shown a long-term decrease in atmospheric density at LEO altitudes of around -1.7…1 May, 2021 by Amy King, Dieter Tetzner
New ice-core records are being developed from the sub-Antarctic, a region previously lacking in paleoclimate archives. These records capture marine-sourced organic compounds that act as proxies for sea-ice concentration, and…Read more on Exploring novel ice-core proxies for paleoclimate reconstruction in the sub-Antarctic
28 April, 2021 by David Vaughan, Julien Bodart
Understanding the contribution of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) to past and future sea level has been a major scientific priority over the last three decades. In recent years,…
28 April, 2021 by Andrew Meijers, Dani Jones, Emma Boland
The Southern Ocean (SO) is a crucial region for the global ocean uptake of heat and carbon. There are large uncertainties in the observations of fluxes of heat and carbon…
28 April, 2021 by Ella Gilbert
The future surface mass balance (SMB) of Antarctic ice shelves has not been constrained with models of sufficient resolution and complexity. Here, we force the high‐resolution Modèle Atmosphérique Régional (MAR)…28 April, 2021 by Michael McCarthy, Michael McCarthy
Glacier albedo determines the net shortwave radiation absorbed at the glacier surface and plays a crucial role in glacier energy and mass balance. Remote sensing techniques are efficient means to…
27 April, 2021 by Andrew Kavanagh, Ingrid Cnossen
Increasing carbon dioxide causes cooling in the upper atmosphere and a secular decrease in atmospheric density over time. With the use of the Whole Atmospheric Community Climate Model with thermosphere…
27 April, 2021 by Mark Clilverd, Mervyn Freeman
Measurements from six longitudinally separated magnetic observatories, all located close to the 53⁰ mid-latitude contour, are analysed. We focus on the large geomagnetic 16 disturbance that occurred during 7 and…22 April, 2021 by Kayleigh Jones
Concerns have recently been raised as to whether small harbour seal pups found alone are genuine 'orphans', i.e. pups permanently separated from their mother. We present records of body mass…19 April, 2021 by Carlos Martin Garcia, Robert Mulvaney
The area near Dome C, East Antarctica, is thought to be one of the most promising targets for recovering a continuous ice-core record spanning more than a million years. The…
16 April, 2021 by Irena Vankova, Keith Nicholls
A phase‐sensitive radar (ApRES) was deployed on Totten Ice Shelf to provide the first in‐situ basal melt estimate at this dynamic East Antarctic ice shelf. Observations of internal ice dynamics…16 April, 2021 by Mark Clilverd
VLF radio propagation recordings are used to determine the characteristics of the nighttime polar lower D region of the ionosphere. Recordings of both VLF phase and amplitude in the Arctic…Read more on Quiet night Arctic ionospheric D region characteristics
15 April, 2021 by Geraint Tarling, Gabriele Stowasser, Richard Phillips, Ryan Saunders, Susan Gregory, Sophie Fielding
Biomagnification of mercury (Hg) in the Scotia Sea food web of the Southern Ocean was examined using the stable isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) as proxies for…Read more on Mercury biomagnification in a Southern Ocean food web
15 April, 2021 by Julius Rix
Landed missions which seek to explore ever-greater depths beneath planetary subsurfaces must manage the risks associated with this challenging task. When developing the most appropriate mission architecture, the designer must…Read more on DEEPER: The Drill for Extensive Exploration of Planetary Environments Using Robots
14 April, 2021 by Robert Blackwell
Marine autonomous vehicles (MAVs) carrying active acoustic sensors(echosounders) are being used for ecosystem research, but high data volumes are presenting challenges for data storage, processing and communication. One of the…Read more on Real-time reporting of marine ecosystem metrics from active acoustic sensors
14 April, 2021 by Kayleigh Jones
Sexual segregation occurs in a diverse array of taxa in the animal kingdom and has important ecological implications. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain sexual segregation in adults, including…Read more on Growing their separate ways: the ontogeny of sexual segregation in Antarctic fur seals
9 April, 2021 by Kelly Hogan, Robert Larter
Thwaites Glacier is the most rapidly changing outlet of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and adds large uncertainty to 21st century sea-level rise predictions. Here, we present the first direct…9 April, 2021 by Paul Anker
Icefin is a custom designed remotely or autonomously operated vehicle (ROV/AUV) for sub-ice deployments in polar environments with a primary focus on modularity for deploying multiple payloads throughout a season…Read more on Antarctic Deep Field Deployments and Design of the Icefin ROV
8 April, 2021 by Richard Horne
Severe space weather was identified as a risk to the UK in 2010 as part of a wider review of natural hazards triggered by the societal disruption caused by the…8 April, 2021 by Jakob Thyrring, Lloyd Peck
Whether global latitudinal diversity gradients exist in rocky intertidal a-diversity and across functional groups remains unknown. Using literature data from 433 intertidal sites, we investigated α-diversity patterns across 155° of…Read more on Global gradients in intertidal species richness and functional groups
5 April, 2021 by Scott Hosking
The most mature aspect of applying artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) to problems in the atmospheric sciences is likely post-processing of model output. This article provides some history and current…1 April, 2021 by Richard Phillips, William Mills
The non‐breeding period is critical for restoration of body condition and self‐maintenance in albatrosses, yet detailed information on diet and distribution during this stage of the annual cycle is lacking…
1 April, 2021 by Carrie Gunn, Richard Phillips
Young birds in cold environments face a range of age-specific thermal challenges. Studying the thermal biology of young birds throughout ontogeny may further our understanding of how such challenges are…1 April, 2021 by Oliver Marsh
Fox Glacier/Te Moeka o Tuawe is a fast-responding maritime glacier that has undergone multiple advance and retreat phases during recent decades. Here we use a combination of repeat photography, Structure…
1 April, 2021 by Hamish Pritchard, Steve Colwell
The seasonal snowpack is a globally important water resource that is notoriously difficult to measure. Existing instruments make measurements of falling or accumulating snow water equivalent (SWE) that are susceptible…1 April, 2021 by Gareth Marshall, Hua Lu, John King, John Turner, Steve Colwell, Tony Phillips
We present the first Antarctic-wide analysis of extreme near-surface air temperatures based on data collected up to the end of 2019 as part of the synoptic meteorological observing programs. We…
1 April, 2021 by Dominic Hodgson
Terrestrial biota in the Antarctic are more globally distinct and highly structured biogeographically than previously believed, but information on biogeographic patterns and endemism in freshwater communities is largely lacking. We…Read more on Diatoms define a novel freshwater biogeography of the Antarctic
1 April, 2021 by Povl Abrahamsen
Water-mass transformation by turbulent mixing is a key part of the deep-ocean overturning, as it drives the upwelling of dense waters formed at high latitudes. Here, we quantify this transformation…Read more on Mixing and transformation in a deep western boundary current: A case study
1 April, 2021 by Teal Riley
Late Triassic – Jurassic igneous rocks of the Antarctic Peninsula and Patagonia provide evidence for the evolution of the margin of southwestern Gondwana. We present new geochronological (LAICP-MS zircon U-Pb…
1 April, 2021 by Claire Allen, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Robert Larter
The Antarctic Peninsula’s Pacific margin is one of the best studied sectors of the Antarctic continental margin. Since the 1990s, several research cruises have targeted the continental rise with geophysical…
1 April, 2021 by Elaine Fitzcharles, Martin Collins, Philip Hollyman
Fishes of the genus Muraenolepis are regularly caught in commercial and research fishing in the waters around South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, but for many years there has…1 April, 2021 by James France
The rising number of operational biogas plants in the UK brings a new emissions category to consider for methane monitoring, quantification and reduction. Minimising methane losses from biogas plants to…Read more on Quantification of methane emissions from UK biogas plants
1 April, 2021 by Alex Burton-Johnson
During evolution of the South Sandwich subduction zone, which has consumed South American Plate oceanic lithosphere, somehow continental crust of both the South American and Antarctic plates have become incorporated…
1 April, 2021 by Andrew Wood, Michael Dunn, Norman Ratcliffe, Philip Trathan, Stacey Adlard
Surveying seabirds in polar latitudes can be challenging due to sparse human populations, lack of infrastructure and the risk of disturbance to wildlife or damage to habitats. Counting populations using…1 April, 2021 by Richard Horne
The impact of radial diffusion in storm time radiation belt dynamics is well‐debated. In this study we quantify the changes and variability in radial diffusion coefficients during geomagnetic storms. A…1 April, 2021 by Mark Whiffin, Norman Ratcliffe
During the last 50 years, the breeding population of Continental Black-tailed Godwits Limosa limosa limosa in the United Kingdom has been relatively small (below 60 pairs) and largely concentrated in…Read more on Diagnosing the recent population decline of black-tailed godwits in the United Kingdom
31 March, 2021 by Kaitlin Naughten, Paul Holland
A potentially irreversible threshold in Antarctic ice shelf melting would be crossed if the ocean cavity beneath the large Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf were to become flooded with warm water from…Read more on Two-timescale response of a large Antarctic ice shelf to climate change
31 March, 2021 by Cameron Fox-Clarke, Camille Toscani, Claire Stainfield, Jaume Forcada
Allee effects play an important role in the dynamics of many populations and can increase the risk of local extinction. However, some authors have questioned the weight of evidence for…Read more on Evidence for an Allee effect in a declining fur seal population
28 March, 2021 by Louise Sime
Changes of the topography of the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) can complicate the interpretation of ice core water stable isotope measurements in terms of temperature. Here, we use a set…
28 March, 2021 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne
We use data from eight satellites to statistically examine the role of chorus as a potential source of plasmaspheric hiss. We find that the strong equatorial (|λm| < 6o) chorus…
26 March, 2021 by Alex Brisbourne, Andy Smith, Sofia-Katerina Kufner
Microseismicity, induced by the sliding of a glacier over its bed, can be used to characterize frictional properties of the ice‐bed interface, which are a key parameter controlling ice stream…
25 March, 2021 by Adrian Jenkins, Louis-Alexandre Couston, Paul Holland
We report an idealized numerical study of a melting and freezing solid adjacent to a turbulent, buoyancy-affected shear flow, in order to improve our understanding of topography generation by phase…Read more on Topography generation by melting and freezing in a turbulent shear flow
25 March, 2021 by Peter Convey
The Antarctic Peninsula is under pressure from non-native plants and this risk is expected to increase under climate warming. Establishment and subsequent range expansion of non-native plants depend in part…Read more on Warming impacts potential germination of non-native plants on the Antarctic Peninsula
25 March, 2021 by Hugh Corr
Curvilinear channels on the surface of an ice shelf indicate the presence of large channels at the base. Modelling studies have shown that where these surface expressions intersect the grounding…24 March, 2021 by Fabian Haumann, Michael Meredith
The Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean is the world’s main production site of Antarctic Bottom Water, a water-mass that is ventilated at the ocean surface before sinking and entraining…Read more on Ventilation of the abyss in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean
22 March, 2021 by Emma Woodfield, Jade Reidy, Johnathan Ross, Mark Clilverd, Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert, Jade Reidy
Particle precipitation is a loss mechanism from the Radiation Belts whereby particles trapped by the Earth’s magnetic field are scattered into the loss cone due to wave‐particle interactions. Energetic electron…
20 March, 2021 by Emma Young, Simon Morley
While there is now strong evidence that many factors can shape dispersal, the mechanisms influencing connectivity patterns are species‐specific and remain largely unknown for many species with a high dispersal…19 March, 2021 by Maximilian Lowe
In this study, we present an estimate of the gravity signal of the slabs beneath the Alpine mountain belt. Estimates of the gravity effect of the subducting slabs are often…Read more on Gravity effect of Alpine slab segments based on geophysical and petrological modelling
17 March, 2021 by Robert Mulvaney
The spatial glaciochemical variability of snow samples collected along a transect from Zhongshan Station to Lambert Glacier Basin 69 (LGB69) in Antarctica was investigated. Sea-salt ion concentrations exponentially decreased with…
17 March, 2021 by Peter Convey
We assess the fungal diversity present in permafrost from different islands in the South Shetland Islands archipelago, maritime Antarctic, using next-generation sequencing (NGS). We detected 1,003,637 fungal DNA reads representing,…
16 March, 2021 by Richard Horne
Pc1 geomagnetic pulsations, equivalent to electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves in the magnetosphere, display a specific amplitude modulation, though the region of the modulation remains an open issue. To classify whether…
16 March, 2021 by Alexander Lozinski, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
Proton flux measurements from the Proton Telescope instrument aboard the CRRES satellite are revisited, and used to drive a radial diffusion model of the inner proton belt at 1.1 ≤…
16 March, 2021 by Sofia-Katerina Kufner
Break-off of part of the down-going plate during continental collision occurs due to tensile stresses built-up between the deep and shallow slab, for which buoyancy is increased because of continental-crust…Read more on The Hindu Kush slab break-off as revealed by deep structure and crustal deformation.
12 March, 2021 by Anna Jones, Alexandra Weiss, James France, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
The North Sea is Europe's key oil and gas (O&G) basin with the output currently meeting 3 %–4 % of global oil supply. Despite this, there are few observational constraints on the…Read more on Speciation of VOC emissions related to offshore North Sea oil and gas production
12 March, 2021 by Elaine Mawbey
Theory suggests that the ocean's biological carbon pump, the process by which organic matter is produced at the surface and transferred to the deep ocean, is sensitive to temperature because…
9 March, 2021 by Fausto Ferraccioli
We present a new magnetic compilation for Central Gondwana conformed to a recent satellite magnetic model (LCS-1) with the help of an equivalent layer approach, resulting in consistent levels, corrections…Read more on East Antarctica magnetically linked to its ancient neighbours in Gondwana
8 March, 2021 by Mark Clilverd
In recent years there has been a growing body of direct experimental evidence demonstrating electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves driving energetic electron precipitation (EEP) at unexpectedly low, sub‐MeV energies —…
5 March, 2021 by James France
Sea ice is difficult, expensive, and potentially dangerous to observe in nature. The remoteness of the Arctic and Southern Oceans complicates sampling logistics, while the heterogeneous nature of sea ice…
5 March, 2021 by Claire Allen, Dieter Tetzner, Liz Thomas
The insoluble particulate matter deposited on ice sheets provide key information to reconstruct past climate. The low concentration of some insoluble particulate matter, such as terrigenous particles and microfossils, challenges…
4 March, 2021 by Connor Bamford, Iain Staniland, Jennifer Jackson, Philip Trathan, Victoria Warwick-Evans
The diet of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) at South Georgia is dominated by Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). During the breeding season, foraging trips by lactating female fur seals are…
3 March, 2021 by Amy King, Liz Thomas
The sub-Antarctic is one of the most data-sparse regions on earth. A number of glaciated Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands have the potential to provide unique ice core records of past…Read more on Physical properties of shallow ice cores from Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands
3 March, 2021 by Richard Phillips
Migratory marine species cross political borders and enter the high seas, where the lack of an effective global management framework for biodiversity leaves them vulnerable to threats. Here, we combine…Read more on Global political responsibility for the conservation of albatrosses and large petrels
2 March, 2021 by Peter Convey
We evaluated the fungal diversity associated with carbonate veins and two types of salt encrustation in rocks in a polar desert region of continental Antarctica using DNA a metabarcoding approach.…1 March, 2021 by Joseph Ulanowski
The cloud particle concentration, size, and shape data from optical array probes (OAPs) are routinely used to parameterise cloud properties and constrain remote sensing retrievals. This paper characterises the optical…
1 March, 2021 by Kevin Newsham
Despite nematodes routinely being the most frequent soil- and bryophyte-associated animals in maritime Antarctica, there is a lack of clarity about the influence of warming on their populations in the…
1 March, 2021 by Kevin Newsham, Marta Misiak, Roger Worland, Peter Convey
Temperatures approaching or exceeding 20 °C have been measured during summer in polar regions at the surfaces of barren fellfield soils under cloudless skies around solar noon. However, despite the…
1 March, 2021 by Andrew Orr, Emily Potter
Many of the glaciers in the Nepalese Himalaya are partially covered in a layer of loose rock known as debris cover. In the Dudh Koshi River Basin, Nepal, approximately 25%…
1 March, 2021 by Peter Convey
Climate change in the Antarctic over the past 50+ years has caused contraction of ice and snow cover, longer melt seasons and intensified glacier melting. These changes affect erosion and…1 March, 2021 by Simon Morley
Members of the trochoidean genus Margarella (Calliostomatidae) are broadly distributed across Antarctic and sub-Antarctic ecosystems. Here we used novel mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences to clarify species boundaries and phylogenetic…
1 March, 2021 by Andrew Wood, Andrew Fleming, Mark Belchier, Norman Ratcliffe, Simeon Hill, Sophie Fielding, Susie Grant
AIM: Management of competition with predators is an important consideration for fisheries, particularly within marine protected areas (MPAs) where conservation is a primary objective. We aimed to test whether static…1 March, 2021 by James Kirkham
Snow dynamics play a crucial role in the hydrology of alpine catchments in the Himalaya. However, studies based on in-situ observations that elucidate the energy and mass balance of the…1 March, 2021 by Alex Brisbourne, Sofia-Katerina Kufner, Thomas Hudson, Thomas Hudson
Seismic arrays deployed using DAS generally suffer from a poorer SNR than those using conventional seismometers or geophones, however their high spatial resolution provides opportunities to supress noise and enhance…1 March, 2021 by Alex Brisbourne, Sofia-Katerina Kufner, Thomas Hudson, Thomas Hudson
Here, we present the first results of DAS deployed in Antarctica to interrogate icequake microseismicity. Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) can provide much higher density spatial sampling of an earthquake’s seismic…1 March, 2021 by Alex Brisbourne, Andy Smith, Sofia-Katerina Kufner, Thomas Hudson, Thomas Hudson
The use of fibre as a Distributed Acoustic Sensor (DAS) is a recently developed technology with enormous potential, and, until recently, never tested in Antarctica. Here we show how DAS…Read more on Listening to Ice Sheets – Fibre Optic Cables as Seismic Sensors in the Antarctic