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The importance of the maximum plasma frequency of the ionosphere in controlling the occurrence of blackout
1 January, 1981
For locations normally equatorward of the auroral oval, it is established that there is a strong inverse association between the variations in the maximum plasma frequency of the ionosphere and…The nocturnal intermediate layer over South Georgia
1 January, 1981
Detailed analyses of ionograms from South Georgia (54°S, 37°W; L = 1.9) show that a nocturnal intermediate layer is frequently seen between the E- and F-regions in the height range…Read more on The nocturnal intermediate layer over South Georgia
ELF radio signals produced in the auroral ionosphere by non-linear demodulation of signals from high-power amplitude-modulated transmitters
1 January, 1981
ELF and VLF radio signals were recorded in the afternoon to early morning (local time) between 24 March and 4 April 1979, in Northern Scandinavia. Apart from signals of natural…A complete arc-trench system recognized in Gondwana sequences of the Antarctic Peninsula region
1 January, 1981
Prior to Late Triassic–Early Jurassic times, the geological history of the Antarctic Peninsula region was dominated almost entirely by Gondwana sequences that together comprised a major arc-trench system. Subduction complex,…Longitudinal variations of plasmapause radius and the propagation of VLF noise within small (ΔL ∼ 0.5) extensions of the plasmasphere
1 January, 1981
Simultaneous broadband whistler recordings made during the International Magnetospheric Study (IMS) at the two Antarctic stations Halley and Siple have been used to study longitudinal variations in the radius of…A deployment method for in situ oceanic primary production measurement
1 January, 1981
A launch, suspension and recovery technique for oceanic, in situ, 14C productivity measurements is described. Ship's time for deployment of 125 ml incubation bottles at several depths down to 100…Read more on A deployment method for in situ oceanic primary production measurement
Intercomparison of various measurements of thermal plasma densities at and near the plasmapause
1 January, 1981
Four methods of investigating the thermal plasma density near the plasmapause have been intercompared for the period 1 to 15 July 1972. These methods are whistlers, the double floating probe…VLF line radiation observed at Halley and Siple
1 January, 1981
Power Line Harmonic Radiation and associated emissions observed at Siple [1, 2] are compared with line radiation activity observed at Halley, Antarctica [3]. We discuss the evidence for a Sunday…Read more on VLF line radiation observed at Halley and Siple
Territoriality and breeding behaviour of adult male Antarctic fur seal, Arctocephalus gazella
1 November, 1980
The social organization and behaviour of 35 individually recognizable territorial male Antarctic Fur seals (Arctocephalus guzellu), were studied during the breeding season at South Georgia. Adults of both sexes remain…Discordant RbSr and PbPb whole rock isochron ages for the Archaean basement of Sierra Leone
1 September, 1980
Field mapping and structural studies in northern Sierra Leone by an I.G.S. team have established a stratigraphic sequence in this part of the Archaean of the West African Craton. An…British biological research in the Antarctic
1 August, 1980
A tradition of biological research in the Antarctic was established by Cook 200 years ago. This tradition has been built on by other British expeditions, notably the ‘Discovery’ Investigations. The…A reappraisal of the concept of metabolic cold adaptation in polar marine invertebrates
1 August, 1980 by Andrew Clarke
The concept of ‘metabolic cold adaptation’, namely that polar marine ectotherms are adapted in having an elevated basal metabolic rate, has been examined in the light of recent biochemical, physiological…Read more on A reappraisal of the concept of metabolic cold adaptation in polar marine invertebrates
Population structure and social organization of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina (L.)
1 August, 1980
The population structure and social organization of the Southern Elephant Seal, Mirounga leonina, were studied at South Georgia principally by extensive field census work and determination of age and reproductive…Reproductive adaptations of Antarctic benthic invertebrates
1 August, 1980
The majority of Antarctic benthic invertebrates so far studied do not produce pelagic larvae, but develop non-pelagically by means of egg capsules, brooding or viviparity. The predominance of protected development…Read more on Reproductive adaptations of Antarctic benthic invertebrates
Evolution of Antarctic lake ecosystems
1 August, 1980
Antarctic lakes present a wide variety of physical, chemical and biological conditions, and are not always the simplified systems imagined by earlier workers. The volume of data on lakes of…A longitudinal study of body weight and body fat changes in Antarctica
1 May, 1980
Body weight and body fat changes (calculated from skinfold thickness) that occurred in a male population spending a year on an Antarctic base are described. There was a marked individual…Read more on A longitudinal study of body weight and body fat changes in Antarctica
The measurement of daily energy expenditure—an evaluation of some techniques
1 May, 1980
An energy balance survey was conducted on an Antarctic base on 12 individuals for periods varying between 6 and 12 months. Energy expenditure was estimated using two activity/dairy card techniques…Read more on The measurement of daily energy expenditure—an evaluation of some techniques
The measurement of food and energy intake in man—an evaluation of some techniques
1 May, 1980
A dietary survey was carried out on an Antarctic base over a period of 6 to 12 months on twelve individuals. Three methods of determining individual food and energy intake…Read more on The measurement of food and energy intake in man—an evaluation of some techniques
Lipid content and composition of cultured Penaeus merguiensis fed with animal food
1 May, 1980 by Andrew Clarke
The lipid content and composition of cultured Penaeus merguiensis were examined by lipid extraction, thin-layer chromatography and capillary gas chromatography. The lipid content, 1.99% fresh weight, was higher than in…Read more on Lipid content and composition of cultured Penaeus merguiensis fed with animal food
Survival strategies in polar terrestrial arthropods
1 January, 1980 by William Block
Three components of the survival strategy of a terrestrial Antarctic mite, Alaskozetes antarcticus (Acari: Cryptostigmata) are considered: overwintering survival, energetics and life history. Supercooling is an important feature of its…Read more on Survival strategies in polar terrestrial arthropods
Cold hardiness of some Alpine Collembola
1 January, 1980 by William Block
1 Individual supercooling points ranged from ‐2 to ‐44°C for six species of springtails, five species from the Swiss Alps and one from lowland Britain. Individuals of Isotomurus alticola (Carl)…Flow lines on Antarctic ice shelves
1 January, 1980
Satellite images of Ronne and Filchner ice shelves show a variety of surface features many of which are believed to indicate flow lines in the ice. Sufficient imagery is now…The biochemical composition of krill, Euphausia superba Dana, from South Georgia
1 January, 1980 by Andrew Clarke
Krill, Euphausia superba Dana, sampled from waters around South Georgia in 1978 contained 10–11% protein, 2–6% lipid, 0.3–0.6% carbohydrate, 2% chitin, and 3–4% mineral ash (all mean values, % fresh…Read more on The biochemical composition of krill, Euphausia superba Dana, from South Georgia
Food, feeding ecology and ecological segregation of seabirds at South Georgia
1 January, 1980
At the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia 25 of the 29 breeding species are seabirds. Fifteen of these have recently been studied in some detail. By examining the timing of…Read more on Food, feeding ecology and ecological segregation of seabirds at South Georgia
Peat respiration and decomposition in Antarctic terrestrial moss communities
1 January, 1980
Oxygen uptake by the peat of two Antarctic bryophyte communities (a moss turf and a moss carpet) is converted to organic matter loss and used to derive the rate of…Read more on Peat respiration and decomposition in Antarctic terrestrial moss communities
Aspects of Scotia Sea zooplankton
1 January, 1980 by Peter Ward
Information on small scale distributions of three species of Antarctic zooplankton is reviewed. Aggregations of the euphausiid Euphausia superba, the tunicate Salpa thompsoni, and the amphipod Parathemisto gaudichaudii are compared,…The rate of peat accumulation in Antarctic moss banks
1 January, 1980
(1) Three Antarctic moss banks were studied in detail: two dominated by Polytrichum alpestre Hoppe and one by Chorisodontium aciphyllum (Hook. f. et Wils.) Broth. (2) The rate of upward…Read more on The rate of peat accumulation in Antarctic moss banks
Isotopic evidence for the provenance of some Caledonian granites
1 January, 1980
A combined Nd- and Sr-isotope study of Caledonian granites in Scotland and northern England demonstrates the importance of continental crust in their petrogenesis and places limits on the involvement of…Read more on Isotopic evidence for the provenance of some Caledonian granites
Characteristics and classification of the lakes of Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, Antarctica
1 January, 1980
The lakes of Signy Island (60° 43′S, 45° 38′W), South Orkney Islands, Antarctica, provide a unique laboratory for the study of many processes including natural eutrophication. Current relationships between the…Lobe growth and marginal zonation in crustose lichens
1 January, 1980
Lobes of Xanthoria elegans are shown to be engulfed by more rapidly growing neighbouring lobes, thereafter ceasing to grow, and the rate of lobe engulfment increases with thallus age. Similarly,…Read more on Lobe growth and marginal zonation in crustose lichens
Angiosperm fossils in supposed Jurassic volcanogenic shales, Antarctica
1 January, 1980
During palaeobotanical studies in the Antarctic Peninsula in February 1979, late Cretaceous or younger fossil angiosperm leaves were found within volcaniclastic rocks widely believed to be of late Jurassic age1.…Read more on Angiosperm fossils in supposed Jurassic volcanogenic shales, Antarctica
Latitudinal beaming of planetary radio emissions
1 January, 1980
The Voyager missions have revealed that jovian kilometric radiation (emanating from Jupiter's magnetosphere) is beamed away from the zenomagnetic equator. Results from GEOS 1 show that terrestrial non-thermal continuum or…Read more on Latitudinal beaming of planetary radio emissions
An evaluation of differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry at a rotating glassy carbon electrode for the determination of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in antarctic snow samples
1 January, 1980
A procedure is described for the determination without preconcentration of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in Antarctic snow, based on differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry at a rotating glassy carbon…Dental abnormalities and mandibular swellings in South Georgia reindeer
1 January, 1980
Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) living on the subantarctic island of South Georgia were found to have a high prevalence of dental abnormalities and mandibular swellings (11 to 30 per cent, and…Read more on Dental abnormalities and mandibular swellings in South Georgia reindeer
Observations on the internal parasites of reindeer introduced into South Georgia
1 January, 1980
Norwegian reindeer, Rangifer tarandus, were introduced to the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia in 1911 & 1925. Because there are few potential intermediate hosts and no other ungulates on the…Read more on Observations on the internal parasites of reindeer introduced into South Georgia
Population dynamics and mortality of reindeer introduced into South Georgia
1 January, 1980
Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) were introduced into South Georgia in 1911 and 1925, and now form 3 herds. Each herd was at a different stage of an irruptive oscillation when they…Read more on Population dynamics and mortality of reindeer introduced into South Georgia
Whistler duct structure and formation
1 January, 1980
Whistler components received by the VLF goniometer at Halley, Antarctica, have been scaled for nose frequency and direction of arrival. The data were taken from two separate one hour periods…A whistler study of the bulge region of the plasmapause
1 January, 1980
Knee whistlers and plasmaspheric whistlers recorded by the VLF goniometer receiver at Halley, Antarctica on 24th June 1977 have been analysed. The knee whistlers were received between 1900 UT and…Read more on A whistler study of the bulge region of the plasmapause
Morphology and dynamics of ice rises
1 January, 1980
Profile surveys are presented of four ice rises on the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. On Butler Island velocity measurements were also made. The ice rises behave as miniature…