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British Antarctic Survey, 1978–79
1 January, 1979
Five main British Antarctic Survey stations were occupied throughout the year. These were Faraday and Halley (the two geophysical observatories), Signy (the main biological station), Grytviken (a multi-disciplinary sub-Antarctic station…Assimilation efficiency of the antarctic marine isopod Glyptonotus antarcticus
1 January, 1979 by Andrew Clarke
When fed shrimp every 2 days, the isopod Glyptonotus antarcticus Eights assimilated over 90% of the ingested food. Errors in this estimate due to loss of food material during maceration…Read more on Assimilation efficiency of the antarctic marine isopod Glyptonotus antarcticus
Lipid content and composition of the pink shrimp, Pandalus montagui (Leach) (Crustacea: Decapoda)
1 January, 1979 by Andrew Clarke
Samples of pink shrimp, Pandalus montagui (Leach), were taken in winter from the estuary of the River Crouch and Lynn Well in the Wash. Males and ovigerous females (analysed without…On living in cold water: K-strategies in antarctic benthos
1 January, 1979 by Andrew Clarke
Comparison of the life-histories of two species pairs of caridean decapods, each pair containing a polar and a more temperate-water species (Chorismus antarcticus (Pfeffer, 1887)/Pandalus montagui Leach, 1814 and Notocrangon…Read more on On living in cold water: K-strategies in antarctic benthos
Geological significance of a Middle Cambrian fauna from Antarctica
1 January, 1979
A NEW collection of a Cambrian fauna, occurring as erratics in a Quaternary moraine near Mount Provender (80°23′S, 29°55′W), western Shackleton Range (Fig. 1, inset) is reported here. It includes…Read more on Geological significance of a Middle Cambrian fauna from Antarctica
Antarctic seabird and seal monitoring studies
1 January, 1979
The need to investigate and understand the nature of changes in abundance of economically important marine living resources has been widely recognized. They may be naturally occurring fluctuations, cycles or…Performance of V.H.F. aerials close to a snow surface
1 January, 1979
Measurements of aerial admittance as a function of height above a snow surface show that when the surface temperature is below freezing, the aerial performance is insensitive to slight surface…Read more on Performance of V.H.F. aerials close to a snow surface
Geomagnetic polarisation anomaly at South Georgia
1 January, 1979
A preliminary analysis shows that magnetic variations of periods 16 to 60 minutes at South Georgia are strongly polarized in a NNE'ly direction. The effect is observed at all seasons…Read more on Geomagnetic polarisation anomaly at South Georgia
Evolutionary temperature adaptation and the calcium regulation of fish actomyosin ATPases
1 January, 1979
Actomyosins have been isolated from the white skeletal muscles of fish inhabiting thermal environments with characteristically low seasonal temperature variations for example, Antarctica, arctic rivers and the equatorial oceans. Calcium…Abnormal testes in reindeer, Rangifer tarandus
1 January, 1979
In a sample of reindeer from South Georgia, 4 males were abnormal in that 1 had bilateral cryptorchid testis, 2 each had 1 cryptorchid testis and 1 had a vestigial…Age-related changes in the testicular and antler cycles of reindeer, Rangifer tarandus
1 January, 1979
A total of 111 male reindeer of various ages was shot in all months of the year to study the relationship between the seasonal changes in testicular activity and the…Read more on Age-related changes in the testicular and antler cycles of reindeer, Rangifer tarandus
Age determination of reindeer introduced into South Georgia
1 January, 1979
The ages of South Georgia Reindeer collected from the introduced herds, and of carcasses from natural deaths were determined using patterns of tooth replacement and eruption, and annulations in the…Read more on Age determination of reindeer introduced into South Georgia
A remote unmanned ELF/VLF goniometer receiver in Antarctica
1 January, 1979
In March 1977 an unmanned ELF/VLF goniometer receiving station was deployed on the Antarctic plateau 110 km south south west of the British Antarctic Survey base at Halley. A UHF…Read more on A remote unmanned ELF/VLF goniometer receiver in Antarctica
Management of multispecies fisheries
1 January, 1979
With the overexploitation of many conventional fish stcocks, and growing interest in harvesting new kinds of food from the sea, there is increasing need for managers of fisheries to take…The cryopreservation of Chlamydomonas
1 January, 1979
A cryophilic strain of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas, C. nivalis was found to be more resistant to the stresses both of freezing and thawing and of shrinkage and rehydration…Growth in the Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella
1 January, 1979
The growth of the Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazellaat South Georgia is described from 556 specimens whose age was determined. The following parameters are described: standard length, body weight, foreflipper…Read more on Growth in the Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella
Identification and breeding biology of the diving petrels Pelecanoides georgicus and P. urinatrix exsul at South Georgia
1 January, 1979
The biology of two species of diving petrel (Pelecanoides georgicus and P. urinatrix exsul) was studied at Bird Island, South Georgia. Existing criteria (bill shape and morphology, wing length) for…Growth, production and biomass of the antarctic gastropod Laevilacunaria Antarctica Martens 1885
1 January, 1979
Twenty-one monthly collections of the Antarctic prosobranch gastropod Laevilacunaria antarctica Martens 1885 were obtained by divers at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands. Animals were contagiously distributed in the depth range…Analysis of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in Antarctic marine sediment layers
1 January, 1979
THE presence of both paraffinic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in sediments and soils from the Northern Hemisphere has been well documented1–5. Paraffinic hydrocarbons are generally assumed to be derived…Read more on Analysis of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in Antarctic marine sediment layers
Sedimentation and the distribution of organic matter in a sub-Antarctic marine bay
1 January, 1979
The annual rate of sediment accumulation and the proportion due to resuspension in a sheltered sub-Antarctic bay has been deduced from sediment trap experiments and vertical profiles of organic matter…Read more on Sedimentation and the distribution of organic matter in a sub-Antarctic marine bay
Data on the adult marine and migratory phases in the life cycle of the southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis Gray
1 January, 1979
Large numbers of the Southern Hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, have been found in the regurgitated food of albatrosses breeding on South Georgia. This finding suggests that this lamprey is found…Morphology and adaptation of aquatic mosses in an Antarctic lake
1 January, 1979
Two species of moss growing in Moss Lake on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, had unusual morphologies with large leaves and long internodes. Both Calliergon sarmentosum and Drepanocladus cf. aduncus…Read more on Morphology and adaptation of aquatic mosses in an Antarctic lake
A revision of the Antarctic and Subantarctic members of the genus Yoldia Moller, 1842 (Bivalvia: Nuculanidae)
1 January, 1979
Samples from 15 Antarctic and Subantarctic localities were measured and subjected to discriminatory analysis of shell morphology. Only two species were recognized as belonging to the genus Yoldia Möller, 1842:…Equilibrium profile of ice shelves
1 January, 1979
Using expressions for ice-shelf creep derived by Weertman (1957) and Thomas (1973[b]) a general method is developed for calculating equilibrium thickness profiles, velocities, and strain-rates for any ice shelf. This…Is vertical shear in an ice shelf negligible?
1 January, 1979
Vertical shear stress in ice shelves cannot be precisely zero, since the upper and lower surfaces are generally not parallel. By performing stress balance on a vertical column in an…Reproductive biology of the antarctic opisthobranch Philine gibba Strebel
1 January, 1979
Monthly samples (August 1974 to February 1976) and cultured material have been used to describe ovotestis maturation, spawning, and larval development of the Antarctic opisthobranch Philine gibba Strebel. Ovotestis maturation…Read more on Reproductive biology of the antarctic opisthobranch Philine gibba Strebel
A semi-automated whistler analyser
1 January, 1979
A system to facilitate the analysis of wide-band VLF data from goniometer receivers has been designed and built and is now in use. Whistlers and other types of VLF phenomena…Tidal flexure of ice shelves measured by tiltmeter
1 January, 1979
A new design of tiltmeter has been used to measure the tidal bending of the Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica. By this means the point at which the ice sheet leaves…Read more on Tidal flexure of ice shelves measured by tiltmeter
Timing of events in an Early Cretaceous island arc-marginal basin system on South georgia
1 January, 1979
19 new K–Ar mineral ages of 78-201 Ma and 3 Rb–Sr whole rock isochron ages of 81 ± 10, 127±4 and 181±30 Ma are presented from units of continental crust,…Effect of climatic warming on the West Antarctic ice sheet
1 January, 1979
Climatic warming could cause increased melting from Antarctic ice shelves. Continued weakening of the ice shelves in this way would result in the ultimate collapse of most of the West…Read more on Effect of climatic warming on the West Antarctic ice sheet
Leucocyte ascorbic acid and the leucocyte count
1 January, 1979
1. During the course of a nutritional survey on an Antarctic base, leucocyte ascorbic acid estimations (Denson & Bowers, 1961) were found to be significantly affected (P < 0.0001) by…Read more on Leucocyte ascorbic acid and the leucocyte count
Resection on moving ice
1 January, 1979
Resection can be used to measure the velocity of a glacier even where the co-ordinates of rock stations are unknown. The method is an adaptation of conventional semi-graphic resection and…A geochemical study of magmatism associated with the initial stages of back-arc spreading
1 January, 1979
Bransfield Strait is a narrow basin separating the South Shetland Islands from the Antarctic Peninsula and is attributed to recent back-arc extension behind the South Shetland volcanic arc. The volcanic…Depolarization of radio waves can distinguish between floating and grounded ice sheets
1 January, 1979
Polar ice is now thought to be marginally birefringent at radio echo-sounding frequencies. An experiment on the polarization behaviour of 60 MHz radio echoes from the bed of both ice…Read more on Depolarization of radio waves can distinguish between floating and grounded ice sheets
Effect of temperature change on the metabolic rate of an antarctic mite
1 January, 1979
Measurements of metabolic rate in the terrestrial miteAlaskozetes antarcticus showed that the ability for metabolic temperature compensation is lacking in adults of this species. Animals cultured at 0 and 10°C…Read more on Effect of temperature change on the metabolic rate of an antarctic mite
Respiratory metabolism of Alaskozetes antarcticus
1 January, 1979
Measurements of oxygen consumption in all post-embryonic life stages of U.K. cultured Alaskozetes antarcticus (Acari: Cryptostigmata) showed that log10 respiration rate was linearly related to log10 live weight, while loge…Read more on Respiratory metabolism of Alaskozetes antarcticus
Age of the Glen Dessary Syenite, Inverness-shire: diachronous Palaeozoic metamorphism Across the Great Glen
1 January, 1979
Apparently igneous zircons from the Glen Dessary syenite complex give concordant U-Pb ages averaging 456 ± 5 Ma which is taken to date crystallization. The complex was deformed and metamorphosed…Antarctic fisheries
1 September, 1978
During recent years there has been a steady increase in the total world fish catch (including shellfish) to a plateau, reached in the early 1970's, of around 70 million tonnes.…Spontaneous and bile salt stimulated bile secretion in the Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae)
1 January, 1978
The flow rate and ionic composition of bile during spontaneous secretion were measured in anaesthetized penguins in which the enterohepatic circulation had been interrupted and with i.v. injection of saline…Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the early Tertiary lava pile of the Isle of Mull, Scotland
1 January, 1978
Major and trace element analyses and strontium isotope ratios are presented for twenty-four samples of lavas and plugs from the early Tertiary lava pile in Mull. The samples were selected…Cambridge University Vatnajökull Expedition, 1977
1 January, 1978
This expedition to Iceland was concerned with ice depth soundings of the largest ice cap in Europe and involved both the development of impulse radar systems and the use of…Read more on Cambridge University Vatnajökull Expedition, 1977
Oxygen Uptake by Cryptopygus antarcticus (Collembola) at South Georgia
1 January, 1978 by William Block
Determinations of oxygen uptake of size classes I, II, III and IV of the collembolan Cryptopygus antarcticus Willem at +5°, +10° and +20°C were made at South Georgia, sub-Antarctic. The…Read more on Oxygen Uptake by Cryptopygus antarcticus (Collembola) at South Georgia
Metabolic adaptations of antarctic terrestrial micro-arthropods
1 January, 1978 by William Block
1. 1. Comparative analyses of standard metabolism, as measured by weight specific oxygen consumption, for Antarctic and temperate terrestrial Acari show that polar forms of the Cryptostigmata and Mesostigmata exhibit…Read more on Metabolic adaptations of antarctic terrestrial micro-arthropods
Man’s impact on seals
1 January, 1978
The major direct effects of man on seal populations are caused by hunting. Subsistence hunting using traditional methods has a long history and generally resulted in a balance between the…The effect of induced currents in the sea on magnetic bays observed at a coastal observatory
1 January, 1978
It is widely accepted that return currents from the auroral electrojet are responsible for the magnetic bays in the D component. The different directions of the return currents, at either…Theoretical models for interpreting the dielectric behaviour of HF-doped ice
1 January, 1978
To understand the recent dielectric measurements made on HF-doped ice single crystals requires a full knowledge of the concentration of electrical defects present in ice and their subsequent interactions. Previous…Read more on Theoretical models for interpreting the dielectric behaviour of HF-doped ice
Dissipation of tidal energy by Antarctic ice shelves
1 January, 1978
FLEXING of ice shelves may dissipate enough tidal energy to have a significant effect on the Moon's retreat from the Earth. It is generally agreed that tidal friction slows the…Read more on Dissipation of tidal energy by Antarctic ice shelves
Climatic change and geomagnetic field reversals: A statistical correlation
1 January, 1978
Dates of climatic episodes recorded in deep-sea cores are compared with the dates of palaeomagnetic polarity transitions during the Upper Pliocene period. The chance that the number of observed coincident…Read more on Climatic change and geomagnetic field reversals: A statistical correlation
An improved model of the variation of electron concentration with height in the ionosphere
1 January, 1978
An empirical model of the variation of electron concentration with height is described which overcomes some limitations found in practice with a previous widely used model (Bradley and Dudeney, 1973).…