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Continuous flow analysis methods for sodium, magnesium and calcium detection in the Skytrain ice core

1 February, 2022 by Jack Humby, Julius Rix, Liz Thomas, Rebecca Tuckwell, Robert Mulvaney

Dissolved and particulate sodium, magnesium and calcium are analyzed in ice cores to determine past changes in sea ice extent, terrestrial dust variability and atmospheric aerosol transport efficiency. They are…

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Temperature impact on the influence of penguin-derived nutrients and mosses on non-native grass in a simulated polar ecosystem

1 February, 2022 by Peter Convey

Human activity and climate change are increasing the spread of species across the planet, threatening biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Invasion engineers, such as birds, facilitate plant growth through manuring of…

Read more on Temperature impact on the influence of penguin-derived nutrients and mosses on non-native grass in a simulated polar ecosystem

Cold comfort: Arctic seabirds find refugia from climate change and potential competition in marginal ice zones and fjords

1 February, 2022 by Anne-Sophie Bonnet-Lebrun, Derren Fox, Norman Ratcliffe, Tim Morley

Climate change alters species distributions by shifting their fundamental niche in space through time. Such effects may be exacerbated by increased inter-specific competition if climate alters species dominance where competitor…

Read more on Cold comfort: Arctic seabirds find refugia from climate change and potential competition in marginal ice zones and fjords

Can a key boreal Calanus copepod species now complete its life-cycle in the Arctic? Evidence and implications for Arctic food-webs

1 February, 2022 by Anna Belcher, Geraint Tarling, Gabriele Stowasser, Jennifer Freer

The changing Arctic environment is affecting zooplankton that support its abundant wildlife. We examined how these changes are influencing a key zooplankton species, Calanus finmarchicus, principally found in the North…

Read more on Can a key boreal Calanus copepod species now complete its life-cycle in the Arctic? Evidence and implications for Arctic food-webs

Reconstructing Antarctic winter sea-ice extent during Marine Isotope Stage 5e

24 January, 2022 by Claire Allen, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Louise Sime, Matthew Chadwick

Environmental conditions during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e (130–116 ka) represent an important “process analogue” for understanding the climatic responses to present and future anthropogenic warming. The response of Antarctic sea…

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Molecular responses to thermal and osmotic stress in Arctic intertidal mussels (Mytilus edulis): The limits of resilience

15 January, 2022 by Lloyd Peck, Melody Clark, Nicholas Barrett

Increases in Arctic temperatures have accelerated melting of the Greenland icesheet, exposing intertidal organisms, such as the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, to high air temperatures and low salinities in summer.…

Read more on Molecular responses to thermal and osmotic stress in Arctic intertidal mussels (Mytilus edulis): The limits of resilience

Ice front retreat reconfigures meltwater-driven gyres modulating ocean heat delivery to an Antarctic ice shelf

13 January, 2022 by Alexander Bradley, Pierre Dutrieux, Robert Larter

Pine Island Ice Shelf (PIIS) buttresses the Pine Island Glacier, the key contributor to sea-level rise. PIIS has thinned owing to ocean-driven melting, and its calving front has retreated, leading…

Read more on Ice front retreat reconfigures meltwater-driven gyres modulating ocean heat delivery to an Antarctic ice shelf

Examination of radiation belt dynamics during substorm clusters: Activity drivers and dependencies of trapped flux enhancements

6 January, 2022 by Mark Clilverd

Dynamical variations of radiation belt trapped electron fluxes are examined to better understand the variability of enhancements linked to substorm clusters. Analysis is undertaken using the Substorm Onsets and Phases…

Read more on Examination of radiation belt dynamics during substorm clusters: Activity drivers and dependencies of trapped flux enhancements

Ultramafic mantle xenoliths in the Late Cenozoic Volcanic rocks of the Antarctic Peninsula and Jones Mountains, West Antarctica

1 January, 2022 by Philip Leat

Abundant mantle-derived ultramafic xenoliths occur in Cenozoic (7.7-1.5 Ma) mafic alkaline volcanic rocks along the former active margin of West Antarctica, that extends from the northern Antarctic Peninsula to Jones…

Read more on Ultramafic mantle xenoliths in the Late Cenozoic Volcanic rocks of the Antarctic Peninsula and Jones Mountains, West Antarctica

Intra-specific variation in lichen secondary compounds across environmental gradients on Signy Island, maritime Antarctic

1 January, 2022 by Peter Convey

Lichens produce various carbon-based secondary compounds (CBSCs) in response to abiotic conditions and herbivory. Although lichen CBSCs have received considerable attention with regard to responses to UV-B exposure, very little…

Read more on Intra-specific variation in lichen secondary compounds across environmental gradients on Signy Island, maritime Antarctic

Early and middle Miocene ice sheet dynamics in the Ross Sea: Results from integrated core-log-seismic interpretation

1 January, 2022 by Lara Perez Miguel, Robert Larter

Oscillations in ice sheet extent during early and middle Miocene are intermittently preserved in the sedimentary record from the Antarctic continental shelf, with widespread erosion occurring during major ice sheet…

Read more on Early and middle Miocene ice sheet dynamics in the Ross Sea: Results from integrated core-log-seismic interpretation

The ecosystem approach to management of the Antarctic krill fishery – the ‘devils are in the detail’ at small spatial and temporal scales

1 January, 2022 by Emma Young, Philip Trathan, Victoria Warwick-Evans

Fishery demand for Antarctic krill is increasing, and projected to continue increasing into the future. Krill has the potential to contribute approximately 10% to all future marine landings, adding significantly…

Read more on The ecosystem approach to management of the Antarctic krill fishery – the ‘devils are in the detail’ at small spatial and temporal scales

Small-scale spatial-temporal variability in snow cover and relationships with vegetation and climate in maritime Antarctica

1 January, 2022 by Roger Worland, Peter Convey

Snow cover changes can have important effects on ecosystems, especially where spatial variability in cover is high, influencing the biogeochemical conditions of the underlying soil as well as the vegetation.…

Read more on Small-scale spatial-temporal variability in snow cover and relationships with vegetation and climate in maritime Antarctica

Modelling the biogeographic boundary shift of Calanus finmarchicus reveals drivers of Arctic Atlantification by subarctic zooplankton

1 January, 2022 by Geraint Tarling, Jennifer Freer

Biological communities in the Arctic are changing through the climate-driven encroachment of subarctic species. This ‘Atlantification’ extends to keystone Calanoid copepods, as the small-bodied Calanus finmarchicus increases in abundance in…

Read more on Modelling the biogeographic boundary shift of Calanus finmarchicus reveals drivers of Arctic Atlantification by subarctic zooplankton

How does the Southern Ocean palaeoenvironment during Marine Isotope Stage 5e compare to the modern?

1 January, 2022 by Claire Allen, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Louise Sime, Matthew Chadwick

Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e (130–116 ka) represents an important ‘process analogue’ for understanding the climatic feedbacks and responses likely active under future anthropogenic warming. Reconstructing the Southern Ocean (SO) palaeoenvironment…

Read more on How does the Southern Ocean palaeoenvironment during Marine Isotope Stage 5e compare to the modern?

Environmental harshness mediates the relationship between aboveground and belowground communities in Antarctica

1 January, 2022 by Peter Convey

Linkages between aboveground and belowground communities are a key but globally under-researched component of responses to environmental change. Given the logistical complications to studying these relationships, much of our knowledge…

Read more on Environmental harshness mediates the relationship between aboveground and belowground communities in Antarctica

HEPPA III intercomparison experiment on electron precipitation impacts, part I: Estimated ionization rates during a geomagnetic active period in April 2010

1 January, 2022 by Mark Clilverd

Precipitating auroral and radiation belt electrons are considered an important part of the natural forcing of the climate system. Recent studies suggest that this forcing is underestimated in current chemistry-climate…

Read more on HEPPA III intercomparison experiment on electron precipitation impacts, part I: Estimated ionization rates during a geomagnetic active period in April 2010

Early-winter North Atlantic low-level jet latitude biases in climate models: Implications for simulated regional atmosphere-ocean linkages

30 December, 2021 by Hua Lu, Thomas Bracegirdle

Climate model biases in the North Atlantic (NA) low-level tropospheric westerly jet are a major impediment to reliably representing variability of the NA climate system and its wider influence, in…

Read more on Early-winter North Atlantic low-level jet latitude biases in climate models: Implications for simulated regional atmosphere-ocean linkages

The Southern Ocean Exchange: Porous boundaries between humpback whale breeding populations in southern polar waters

8 December, 2021 by Jennifer Jackson

Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are a cosmopolitan species and perform long annual migrations between low-latitude breeding areas and high-latitude feeding areas. Their breeding populations appear to be spatially and genetically…

Read more on The Southern Ocean Exchange: Porous boundaries between humpback whale breeding populations in southern polar waters

Levels and seasonal trends of C1-C4 perfluoroalkyl acids and the discovery of trifluoromethane sulfonic acid in surface snow in the Arctic

7 December, 2021 by Jack Humby

C1–C4 perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are highly persistent chemicals that have been found in the environment. To date, much uncertainty still exists about their sources and fate. The importance of the…

Read more on Levels and seasonal trends of C1-C4 perfluoroalkyl acids and the discovery of trifluoromethane sulfonic acid in surface snow in the Arctic

Foraging conditions for breeding penguins improve with distance from colony and progression of the breeding season at the South Orkney Islands

1 December, 2021 by Philip Trathan, Victoria Warwick-Evans

According to central place foraging theory, animals will only increase the distance of their foraging trips if more distant prey patches offer better foraging opportunities. Thus, theory predicts that breeding…

Read more on Foraging conditions for breeding penguins improve with distance from colony and progression of the breeding season at the South Orkney Islands

Reconstructing atmospheric circulation and sea-ice extent in the West Antarctic over the past 200 years using data assimilation

1 December, 2021 by Liz Thomas

The West Antarctic climate has witnessed large changes during the second half of the twentieth century including a strong and widespread continental warming, important regional changes in sea-ice extent and…

Read more on Reconstructing atmospheric circulation and sea-ice extent in the West Antarctic over the past 200 years using data assimilation

Historical biogeography of the Gondwanan freshwater genus Boeckella (Crustacea): Timing and modes of speciation in the Southern Hemisphere

1 December, 2021 by Elisabeth Biersma, Jennifer Jackson, Peter Convey

We investigated evolutionary relationships and biogeographical patterns within the genus Boeckella to evaluate (1) whether its current widespread distribution in the Southern Hemisphere is due to recent long-distance dispersal or…

Read more on Historical biogeography of the Gondwanan freshwater genus Boeckella (Crustacea): Timing and modes of speciation in the Southern Hemisphere