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Antarctic seabirds as indicators of climate change
30 June, 2022 by Richard Phillips
Antarctica and the Southern Ocean are among the world´s regions that have been most impacted by climate change. This chapter provides an overview of the latest scientific evidence of climate…Read more on Antarctic seabirds as indicators of climate change
Swimming activity as an indicator of seasonal diapause in the copepod Calanus finmarchicus
30 June, 2022 by Geraint Tarling, Jennifer Freer
Copepods dominate zooplankton biomass of the upper ocean, especially in the highly seasonal boreal and polar regions, for which specific life-cycle traits such as the accumulation of lipid reserves, migration…Variation Among Species and Populations, and Carry-Over Effects of Winter Exposure on Mercury Accumulation in Small Petrels
30 June, 2022 by Richard Phillips
Even in areas as remote as the Southern Ocean, marine organisms are exposed to contaminants that arrive through long-range atmospheric transport, such as mercury (Hg), a highly toxic metal. In…Record low Antarctic sea ice cover in February 2022
28 June, 2022 by Caroline Holmes, John Turner, Liz Thomas, Thomas Caton Harrison, Tony Phillips, Tylei Reeves-Francois
On 25 February 2022 Antarctic sea ice extent (SIE) dropped to a satellite-era record low level of 1.92 × 106 km2, 0.92 × 106 km2 below the long-term mean. The…Read more on Record low Antarctic sea ice cover in February 2022
Carbon and lipid contents of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus entering diapause in the Fram Strait and their contribution to the boreal and Arctic lipid pump
28 June, 2022 by Anna Belcher, Geraint Tarling, Gabriele Stowasser, Jennifer Freer, Laura Gerrish
The boreal copepod Calanus finmarchicus sequesters substantial amounts of carbon (C) in the deep layers of the North Atlantic Ocean through their contribution to the “lipid pump.” This pump is…Sea ice floe size: Its impact on pan-Arctic and local ice mass and required model complexity
28 June, 2022
Sea ice is composed of discrete units called floes. Observations show that these floes can adopt a range of sizes spanning orders of magnitude, from metres to tens of kilometres.…Radar characterization of ice crystal orientation fabric and anisotropic viscosity within an Antarctic ice stream
21 June, 2022 by Alex Brisbourne, Andy Smith, Carlos Martin Garcia
We use polarimetric radar sounding to investigate ice crystal orientation fabric, and its impact on ice viscosity, within the near-surface of Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica. The technique retrieves lateral…Evidence for carbonate system mediated shape shift in an intertidal predatory gastropod
21 June, 2022 by Dennis Mayk, Lloyd Peck
Phenotypic plasticity represents an important first-line organism response to newly introduced or changing environmental constraints. Knowledge about structural responses to environmental stressors could thus be an essential measure to predict…Read more on Evidence for carbonate system mediated shape shift in an intertidal predatory gastropod
The Endurance Rocket Mission: Gauging Earth’s Ambipolar Electric Potential
21 June, 2022 by Andrew Kavanagh
NASA’s Endurance sounding rocket (yard No. 47.001) will launch from Ny Ålesund, Svalbard in May 2022 on a solid fueled Oriole III-A launch vehicle. Its ∼19 minute flight will carry…Read more on The Endurance Rocket Mission: Gauging Earth’s Ambipolar Electric Potential
The Impact of Basal Roughness on Inland Thwaites Glacier Sliding
18 June, 2022 by Robert Arthern
Swath radar technology enables three-dimensional mapping of modern glacier beds over large areas at resolutions that are higher than those typically used in ice-flow models. These data may enable new…Read more on The Impact of Basal Roughness on Inland Thwaites Glacier Sliding
Snowfall and snow accumulation during the MOSAiC winter and spring seasons
17 June, 2022 by Amelie Kirchgaessner, Markus Frey
Data from the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition allowed us to investigate the temporal dynamics of snowfall, snow accumulation and erosion in great detail…Read more on Snowfall and snow accumulation during the MOSAiC winter and spring seasons
Two techniques for determining F-region ion velocities at meso-scales: Differences and impacts on Joule heating
17 June, 2022 by Andrew Kavanagh, Emma Woodfield
We have investigated the difference between two standard techniques for deriving the ionospheric ion velocity using data taken with the EISCAT incoherent scatter radar between 1987 and 2007. For large-scale…Status, change, and futures of zooplankton in the Southern Ocean
17 June, 2022 by Cecilia Liszka, Clara Manno, Eugene Murphy, Geraint Tarling, Nadine Johnston, Peter Ward, Sally Thorpe, Simeon Hill
In the Southern Ocean, several zooplankton taxonomic groups, euphausiids, copepods, salps and pteropods, are notable because of their biomass and abundance and their roles in maintaining food webs and ecosystem…Read more on Status, change, and futures of zooplankton in the Southern Ocean
Atmospheric triggers of the Brunt Ice Shelf calving in February 2021
16 June, 2022 by Oliver Marsh
The calving of Antarctic ice shelves remains unpredictable to date due to a lack of understanding of the role of the different climatic components in such events. In this study,…Read more on Atmospheric triggers of the Brunt Ice Shelf calving in February 2021
Early‐to-late winter 20th century North Atlantic multidecadal atmospheric variability in observations, CMIP5 and CMIP6
16 June, 2022 by Thomas Bracegirdle
The strong multi-decadal variability in North Atlantic (NA) winter atmospheric circulation is poorly understood and appears too weak in climate models. Recent research has shown peak atmospheric multi-decadal variability over…Biomass Turnover Rates in Metabolically Active and Inactive Marine Calanoid Copepods
16 June, 2022 by Geraint Tarling
Lipid-storing copepods are fundamental to the functioning of marine ecosystems, transferring energy from primary producers to higher trophic levels and sequestering atmospheric carbon (C) in the deep ocean. Quantifying trophic…Read more on Biomass Turnover Rates in Metabolically Active and Inactive Marine Calanoid Copepods
Boundary processes and neodymium cycling along the Pacific margin of West Antarctica
15 June, 2022 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
Neodymium (Nd) isotopes have been utilized as a tracer of water mass source in the modern ocean and in palaeoceanographic studies, though the oceanic cycling of Nd is not yet…Read more on Boundary processes and neodymium cycling along the Pacific margin of West Antarctica
The coupled atmosphere-ocean response to Antarctic sea-ice loss
15 June, 2022 by Thomas Bracegirdle
Antarctic sea ice is projected to decrease in response to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Limited studies so far have examined the coupled atmosphere-ocean response to Antarctic sea-ice loss. Here, we…Read more on The coupled atmosphere-ocean response to Antarctic sea-ice loss
Habitat variability and faunal zonation at the Ægir Ridge, a canyon-like structure in the deep Norwegian Sea
15 June, 2022 by Katrin Linse
The Ægir Ridge System (ARS) is an ancient extinct spreading axis in the Nordic seas extending from the upper slope east of Iceland (∼550 m depth), as part of its…Carbon storage shifts around Antarctica
14 June, 2022 by Michael Meredith
Dense water production in the seas around Antarctica is a key process for century-scale carbon storage, slowing global warming. Results from an advanced new model reveal the prospect of system…Sea spiders (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) from ten recent research expeditions to the Antarctic Peninsula, Scotia Arc and Weddell Sea – data
14 June, 2022 by Huw Griffiths
This dataset contains information on specimens of Southern Ocean Pycnogonida (Arthropoda), that were collected from ten different research cruises, spanning 13 years. The individual aims and objectives of each cruise…Large Methane Emission Fluxes Observed from Tropical Wetlands in Zambia
10 June, 2022 by James France
Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas with a warming potential 84 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2) over a 20-year period. Atmospheric CH4 concentrations have been rising since the…Read more on Large Methane Emission Fluxes Observed from Tropical Wetlands in Zambia
Towards incorporation of blue carbon in Falkland Islands marine spatial planning: a multi-tiered approach
10 June, 2022 by David Barnes
Ecosystem-based conservation that includes carbon sinks, alongside a linked carbon credit system, as part of a nature-based solution to combating climate change, could help reduce greenhouse gas levels and therefore…The CISE-LOCEAN seawater isotopic database (1998–2021)
10 June, 2022 by Michael Meredith
The characteristics of the CISE-LOCEAN seawater isotope dataset (δ18O, δ2H, referred to as δD) are presented (https://doi.org/10.17882/71186; Waterisotopes-CISE-LOCEAN, 2021). This dataset covers the time period from 1998 to 2021 and…Read more on The CISE-LOCEAN seawater isotopic database (1998–2021)
The International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean Version 2 (IBCSO v2)
7 June, 2022 by Alexander Tate, Alice Fremand, Hamish Pritchard, Kelly Hogan, Peter Fretwell, Robert Larter
The Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica is a region that is key to a range of climatic and oceanographic processes with worldwide effects, and is characterised by high biological productivity and…Read more on The International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean Version 2 (IBCSO v2)
Using seabird and whale distribution models to estimate spatial consumption of krill to inform fishery management
6 June, 2022 by Philip Trathan, Victoria Warwick-Evans
Ecosystem dynamics at the northwest Antarctic Peninsula are driven by interactions between physical and biological processes. For example, baleen whale populations are recovering from commercial harvesting against the backdrop of…Towards a field-ready HF-VHF ground-based ice penetrating synthetic aperture radar: Forward modelling and validation for SAR imaging
2 June, 2022 by Keith Nicholls
A ray-based 2D modelling approach is proposed to reduce computation times involved in the forward-modelling of deramped frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar signals for subglacial ice features. The model generation…Recognizing key sedimentary facies and their distribution in mixed turbidite–contourite depositional systems: The case of the Pacific margin of the Antarctic Peninsula
1 June, 2022 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Robert Larter
Interplay of deep-water sedimentary processes is responsible for building a myriad of features and deposits across mixed turbidite–contourite systems, from 200 km long sedimentary drifts. Investigations of the spatial and…Antarctica 3D crustal structure investigation by means of the Bayesian gravity inversion: The Wilkes Land case study
1 June, 2022 by Fausto Ferraccioli
In the present study, a Bayesian gravity inversion algorithm is applied to infer a complete 3D density model of the crust in the region of the Wilkes Land. One of…The effect of environmental factors on shell growth and repair in Buccinum undatum
1 June, 2022 by Philip Hollyman
The processes and factors which affect shell growth and repair in molluscs are poorly understood. In this study, the capabilities of shell growth and repair in the marine gastropod Buccinum…Read more on The effect of environmental factors on shell growth and repair in Buccinum undatum
Microhabitats: macro-differences. A survey of temperature records in Victoria Land terrestrial and freshwater environments
1 June, 2022 by Peter Convey
The temperature experienced by micro-invertebrates in extreme environments (such as those of Antarctica) is a pivotal parameter regarding these animals' ecology and physiology. However, at present, detailed knowledge of microhabitat…Feeding and trophic ecology of Antarctic toothfish Dissostichus mawsoni in the Amundsen and Dumont D’Urville Seas (Antarctica)
1 June, 2022
Fisheries ecosystem-based management is an important tool for sustainable harvesting of fisheries worldwide. Knowledge of trophic interactions is crucial since changes in trophic balances can induce severe changes in the…Can classic biological invasion hypotheses be applied to reported cases of non-native terrestrial species in the Maritime Antarctic?
1 June, 2022 by Peter Convey
Understanding the success factors underlying each step in the process of biological invasion provides a robust foundation upon which to develop appropriate biosecurity measures. Insights into the processes occurring can…Patterns of moss richness in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, cannot be explained by geological or ornithogenic drivers alone
1 June, 2022 by Peter Convey
We set out to document the diversity and distribution of bryophytes in Admiralty Bay and thereby enable the identification of patterns in local diversity and their possible drivers. Combining data…Origin of the tropical-polar biodiversity contrast
1 June, 2022 by Alistair Crame
Aim: The aim was to investigate the evolutionary origins of the striking biodiversity contrast between high- and low-latitude regions in the present day. Is this a relatively recent phenomenon, causally…Read more on Origin of the tropical-polar biodiversity contrast
Modelling the transition from grain-boundary sliding to power-law creep in dry snow densification
1 June, 2022 by Robert Mulvaney
This paper presents a physics-based macroscale model for the densification of dry snow which provides for a smooth transition between densification by grain-boundary sliding (stage 1) and densification by power-law…Ontogeny of movement patterns and habitat selection in juvenile albatrosses
1 June, 2022 by Andrew Wood, Caitlin Frankish, Richard Phillips
Optimal selection of foraging habitats is key to survival, but it remains unclear how naïve individuals are able to locate patchily-distributed resources and maximize energy gain in completely new environments.…Read more on Ontogeny of movement patterns and habitat selection in juvenile albatrosses
Geographic patterns of soft-bottoms benthic communities in Chilean Patagonian fjords (47°S-54°S) – influence of environmental stress on diversity patterns and stable isotope signatures
1 June, 2022 by Chester Sands
The benthic community in the Chilean Patagonia is as rich and highly diverse as the spatial variation of its habitats and food sources. Environmental stress from glacier melt and river…Active Precipitation of Radiation Belt Electrons using Rocket Exhaust Driven Amplification (REDA) of Man‐Made Whistlers
1 June, 2022 by Nigel Meredith
Ground-based VLF transmitters located around the world generate signals that leak through the bottom side of the ionosphere in the form of whistler mode waves. Wave and particle measurements on…Blinded by the light – Seabird collision events in South Georgia
1 June, 2022 by Jamie Coleman, Martin Collins, Philip Hollyman
Light-induced bird strikes on vessels occur frequently in association with areas of high seabird density, often resulting in bird mortalities. These incidents are poorly understood and likely under-reported by vessels.…Read more on Blinded by the light – Seabird collision events in South Georgia
Analysis of migrating and non-migrating tides of the Extended Unified Model in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere
1 June, 2022
Atmospheric tides play a key role in coupling the lower, middle, and upper atmosphere/ionosphere. The tides reach large amplitudes in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT), where they can have…Parasite–copepod interactions in Svalbard: diversity, host specificity, and seasonal patterns
1 June, 2022 by Alison Cleary
Copepods of the genera Calanus and Pseudocalanus are important components of Arctic marine ecosystems. Despite the key roles of these zooplankters, little is known about the organisms they interact with…Design of an HF-VHF Ice Penetrating Synthetic Aperture Radar
1 June, 2022 by Keith Nicholls
The design of an HF-VHF frequency modulated continuous wave radar intended for use with an autonomous rover in the polar regions is presented. The RF front-end, antenna design and deramped…Read more on Design of an HF-VHF Ice Penetrating Synthetic Aperture Radar
Sedimentary Signatures of Persistent Subglacial Meltwater Drainage From Thwaites Glacier, Antarctica
31 May, 2022 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, James Smith, Kelly Hogan, Robert Larter
Subglacial meltwater drainage can enhance localized melting along grounding zones and beneath the ice shelves of marine-terminating glaciers. Efforts to constrain the evolution of subglacial hydrology and the resulting influence…Tidal Modulation of a Lateral Shear Margin: Priestley Glacier, Antarctica
31 May, 2022 by Robert Mulvaney
We use high resolution, ground-based observations of ice displacement to investigate ice deformation across the floating left-lateral shear margin of Priestley Glacier, Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica. Bare ice conditions allow…Read more on Tidal Modulation of a Lateral Shear Margin: Priestley Glacier, Antarctica
Voluntary actions by the Antarctic krill fishing industry help reduce potential negative impacts on land-based marine predators during breeding, highlighting the need for CCAMLR action
31 May, 2022 by Philip Trathan
The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources is responsible for management of the Antarctic marine ecosystem, including its living resources. The Commission has yet to implement precautionary…Antarctic sea ice projections constrained by historical ice cover and future global temperature change
28 May, 2022 by Caroline Holmes, Paul Holland, Thomas Bracegirdle
There is low confidence in projections of Antarctic sea ice area (SIA), due to deficiencies in climate model sea ice processes. Ensemble regression techniques can help to reduce this uncertainty.…Contrasting state-dependent effects of natural forcing on global and local climate variability
28 May, 2022 by Louise Sime
Natural forcing from solar and volcanic activity contributes significantly to climate variability. The post-eruption cooling of strong volcanic eruptions was hypothesized to have led to millennial-scale variability during Glacials. Cooling…Whales from space dataset, an annotated satellite image dataset of whales for training machine learning models
27 May, 2022 by Hannah Cubaynes, Peter Fretwell
Monitoring whales in remote areas is important for their conservation; however, using traditional survey platforms (boat and plane) in such regions is logistically difficult. The use of very high-resolution satellite…Exceptional middle latitude electron precipitation detected by balloon observations: Implications for atmospheric composition
24 May, 2022 by Mark Clilverd
Energetic particle precipitation leads to ionization in the Earth's atmosphere, initiating the formation of active chemical species which destroy ozone and have the potential to impact atmospheric composition and dynamics…Plastic occurrence, sources, and impacts in Antarctic environment and biota
24 May, 2022 by Elisa Bergami
Several studies have documented that plastic pollution is affecting one of the most remote and pristine regions of our planet, Antarctica. Plastics of different size and polymeric composition have been…Read more on Plastic occurrence, sources, and impacts in Antarctic environment and biota
The relative impacts of initialization and climate forcing in coupled ice sheet‐ocean modeling application to Pope, Smith and Kohler glaciers
23 May, 2022 by Paul Holland
Coupled ice sheet-ocean models are beginning to be used to study the response of ice sheets to ocean warming. Initialising an ice-ocean model is challenging and can introduce nonphysical transients,…Localized impacts and economic implications from high temperature disruption days under climate change
20 May, 2022 by Charles Simpson, Erik Mackie, Scott Hosking, Risa Ueno
Most studies into the effects of climate change have headline results in the form of a global change in mean temperature. More useful for businesses and governments, however, are measures…Diversity, distribution and ecology of fungal community present in Antarctic lake sediments uncovered by DNA metabarcoding
19 May, 2022 by Peter Convey
We assessed fungal diversity in sediments obtained from four lakes in the South Shetland Islands and James Ross Island, Antarctica, using DNA metabarcoding. We detected 218 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs)…Data quality influences the predicted distribution and habitat of four southern-hemisphere albatross species
18 May, 2022 by Richard Phillips
Few studies have assessed the influence of data quality on the predicted probability of occurrence and preferred habitat of marine predators. We compared results from four species distribution models (SDMs)…Mechanisms associated with the rapid decline in sea ice cover around a stranded ship in the Lazarev Sea, Antarctica
15 May, 2022 by John Turner
In the satellite data era starting from 1979, the extent of Antarctic sea ice increased moderately for the first 37 years. However, the extent decreased to record low levels from…Using habitat models for chinstrap penguins, Pygoscelis antarctica, to inform marine spatial management around the South Sandwich Islands during the penguin breeding season
12 May, 2022 by Philip Trathan, Victoria Warwick-Evans
If not carefully managed, harvesting of krill risks disturbing the ecological balance of many Antarctic and sub-Antarctic sites where krill-dependent predators feed. One of the least disturbed sites anywhere within…Bacterial colonisation: From airborne dispersal to integration within the soil community
9 May, 2022 by David Pearce
The deposition of airborne microorganisms into new ecosystems is the first stage of colonisation. However, how and under what circumstances deposited microorganisms might successfully colonise a new environment is still…Antimicrobial resistance in Antarctica: is it still a pristine environment?
6 May, 2022 by Kevin Hughes, Kudzai Hwengwere, Lloyd Peck, Melody Clark
Although the rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly in relation to clinical settings, is causing concern in many regions of the globe, remote, extreme environments, such as Antarctica, are…Read more on Antimicrobial resistance in Antarctica: is it still a pristine environment?
Polarimetric radar reveals the spatial distribution of ice fabric at domes and divides in East Antarctica
6 May, 2022 by Carlos Martin Garcia, Hugh Corr, Robert Mulvaney
Ice crystals are mechanically and dielectrically anisotropic. They progressively align under cumulative deformation, forming an ice-crystal-orientation fabric that, in turn, impacts ice deformation. However, almost all the observations of ice…Understanding monsoon controls on the energy and mass balance of glaciers in the Central and Eastern Himalaya
5 May, 2022 by Michael McCarthy, Michael McCarthy
The Indian and East Asian summer monsoons shape the melt and accumulation patterns of glaciers in High Mountain Asia in complex ways due to the interaction of persistent cloud cover,…Disturbance ecology of the shallow Antarctic Benthos
4 May, 2022 by Ben Robinson
The shallow Antarctic benthos (10 -100 m depth) are predicted to undergo drastic changes, particularly with respect to the iceberg scour disturbance regimes. With this is in mind, the field…Read more on Disturbance ecology of the shallow Antarctic Benthos
Existing and potential evidence for Holocene grounding line retreat and readvance in Antarctica
3 May, 2022 by Claire Allen, Joanne Johnson, Liz Thomas
Widespread existing geological records from above the modern ice sheet surface and outboard of the current ice margin show that the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) was much more extensive at…Genetic diversity and structure of captive gentoo penguin populations in Japan
2 May, 2022 by Richard Phillips
Until the last decade, gentoo penguins were usually split into two subspecies, northern gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua papua) breeding in the Falkland Islands, South Georgia, and other subantarctic islands and…Read more on Genetic diversity and structure of captive gentoo penguin populations in Japan
Fungal diversity in a sediment core from climate change impacted Boeckella Lake, Hope Bay, north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula assessed using metabarcoding
2 May, 2022 by Peter Convey
We studied the fungal DNA present in a lake sediment core obtained from Trinity Peninsula, Hope Bay, north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula, using metabarcoding through high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Sequences obtained were assigned…Global maps of soil temperature
1 May, 2022 by Peter Convey
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids…Actions to halt biodiversity loss generally benefit the climate
1 May, 2022 by David Barnes
The two most urgent and interlinked environmental challenges humanity faces are climate change and biodiversity loss. We are entering a pivotal decade for both the international biodiversity and climate change…Read more on Actions to halt biodiversity loss generally benefit the climate
An ancient, Antarctic-specific species complex: large divergences between multiple Antarctic lineages of the tardigrade genus Mesobiotus
1 May, 2022 by Chester Sands, Katherine Short, Peter Convey, Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
Antarctica has been isolated and progressively glaciated for over 30 million years, with only approximately 0.3 % of its area currently ice-free and capable of supporting terrestrial ecosystems. As a…Rapid radiation of Southern Ocean shags in response to receding sea ice
1 May, 2022 by Norman Ratcliffe, Richard Phillips
Understanding how natural populations respond to climatic shifts is a fundamental goal of biological research in a fast-changing world. The Southern Ocean represents a fascinating system for assessing large-scale climate-driven…Read more on Rapid radiation of Southern Ocean shags in response to receding sea ice
Population characteristics of benthopelagic Gymnoscopelus nicholsi (Pisces: Myctophidae) on the continental shelf of South Georgia (Southern Ocean) during austral summer
1 May, 2022 by Martin Collins, Philip Hollyman, Ryan Saunders, Sally Thorpe
Southern Ocean myctophid fish (Family Myctophidae) are an important conduit of energy through foodwebs and between the surface layers and mesopelagic depths. Species that reside in both pelagic and near-bottom…Modern and early Holocene ice shelf sediment facies from Petermann Fjord and northern Nares Strait, northwest Greenland
1 May, 2022 by Kelly Hogan, Keith Nicholls
Based on sediment cores and geophysical data collected from Petermann Fjord and northern Nares Strait, NW Greenland, an Arctic ice shelf sediment facies is presented that distinguishes sub and pro…Estimating the average distribution of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba at the northern Antarctic Peninsula during austral summer and winter
1 May, 2022 by Philip Trathan, Sophie Fielding, Victoria Warwick-Evans
This study was performed to aid the management of the fishery for Antarctic krill Euphausia superba. Krill are an important component of the Antarctic marine ecosystem, providing a key food…Statistical comparison of electron loss and enhancement in the outer radiation belt during storms
1 May, 2022 by Nigel Meredith
The near-relativistic electron population in the outer Van Allen radiation belt is highly dynamic and strongly coupled to geomagnetic activity such as storms and substorms, which are driven by the…Antarctic Climate Change and the Environment: A Decadal Synopsis and Recommendations for Action
1 May, 2022 by Peter Convey, Susie Grant
This report provides concise compiled synopses of current understanding, explicit recommendations for actions to address change, and recommendations for additional research. In most cases, the research recommendations are drawn from…Temperature and concentration affect particle size upon sublimation of saline ice: Implications for sea salt aerosol production in polar regions
28 April, 2022 by Xin Yang
Using an environmental scanning electron microscope, we quantified for the first time aerosol-sized salt particles formed during the sublimation of sea ice as a function of temperature and concentration. The…A 20-year study of melt processes over Larsen C Ice Shelf using a high-resolution regional atmospheric model: Part 1, Model configuration and validation
27 April, 2022 by Andrew Orr, Ella Gilbert, John King, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
Following collapses of the neighbouring Larsen A and B ice shelves, Larsen C has become a focus of increased attention. Determining how the prevailing meteorological conditions influence its surface melt…A 20‐year study of melt processes over Larsen C Ice Shelf using a high‐resolution regional atmospheric model: Part 2, Drivers of surface melting
27 April, 2022 by Andrew Orr, Ella Gilbert, John King, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
Quantifying the relative importance of the atmospheric drivers of surface melting on the Larsen C ice shelf is critical in the context of recent and future climate change. Here, we…Do ditch‐side electric fences improve the breeding productivity of ground‐nesting waders?
27 April, 2022 by Mark Whiffin
1. Insufficient reproduction as a consequence of predation on eggs and chicks is a major determinant of population decline in ground-nesting birds, including waders. For many populations, there is an…Basal melt of the southern Filchner Ice Shelf, Antarctica
27 April, 2022 by Hugh Corr, Keith Nicholls
Basal melt of ice shelves is a key factor governing discharge of ice from the Antarctic Ice Sheet as a result of its effects on buttressing. Here, we use radio…Read more on Basal melt of the southern Filchner Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Depth and latitudinal gradients of diversity in seamount benthic communities
22 April, 2022 by David Barnes
Latitudinal and bathymetric species diversity gradients in the deep sea have been identified, but studies have rarely considered these gradients across hard substratum habitats, such as seamount and oceanic island…Read more on Depth and latitudinal gradients of diversity in seamount benthic communities
Ground-based Ku-band microwave observations of ozone in the polar middle atmosphere
20 April, 2022 by David Newnham, Mark Clilverd, William Clark
Ground-based observations of 11.072 GHz atmospheric ozone (O3) emission have been made using the Ny-Ålesund Ozone in the Mesosphere Instrument (NAOMI) at the UK Arctic Research Station (latitude 78∘55′0′′ N, longitude 11∘55′59′′ E),…Read more on Ground-based Ku-band microwave observations of ozone in the polar middle atmosphere
Quantifying the causes and consequences of variation in satellite‐derived population indices: a case study of emperor penguins
19 April, 2022 by Philip Trathan, Peter Fretwell
Very high-resolution satellite (VHR) imagery is a promising tool for estimating the abundance of wildlife populations, especially in remote regions where traditional surveys are limited by logistical challenges. Emperor penguins…Five decades of terrestrial and freshwater research at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard
19 April, 2022 by Elisabeth Biersma, Kevin Newsham, Peter Convey
For more than five decades, research has been conducted at Ny-Ålesund, in Svalbard, Norway, to understand the structure and functioning of High-Arctic ecosystems and the profound impacts on them of…Read more on Five decades of terrestrial and freshwater research at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard
Antiphased dust deposition and productivity in the Antarctic Zone over 1.5 million years
19 April, 2022 by Victoria Peck
The Southern Ocean paleoceanography provides key insights into how iron fertilization and oceanic productivity developed through Pleistocene ice-ages and their role in influencing the carbon cycle. We report a high-resolution…Electron diffusion by magnetosonic waves in the Earth’s radiation belts
15 April, 2022 by Jenny Wong, Johnathan Ross, Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
We conduct a global survey of magnetosonic waves and compute the associated bounce and drift averaged diffusion coefficients, taking into account co-located measurements of fpe/fce, to assess the role of…Read more on Electron diffusion by magnetosonic waves in the Earth’s radiation belts
Metabarcoding the Antarctic Peninsula biodiversity using a multi-gene approach
13 April, 2022 by Lloyd Peck, Melody Clark
Marine sediment communities are major contributors to biogeochemical cycling and benthic ecosystem functioning, but they are poorly described, particularly in remote regions such as Antarctica. We analysed patterns and drivers…Read more on Metabarcoding the Antarctic Peninsula biodiversity using a multi-gene approach
Spatial and temporal variability and connectivity of the marine environment of the South Sandwich Islands, Southern Ocean
12 April, 2022 by Eugene Murphy, Sally Thorpe
The South Sandwich Islands form the eastern boundary to the highly biologically productive Scotia Sea in the southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean and are part of a large…Bioregionalization of the South Sandwich Islands through community analysis of bathyal fish and invertebrate assemblages using fishery-derived data
12 April, 2022 by Martin Collins, Mark Belchier, Philip Hollyman
The South Sandwich Islands (SSI) are a volcanic archipelago in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean; they are a biologically rich area, home to a range of benthic habitats…From sealing to the MPA – A history of exploitation, conservation and management of marine living resources at the South Sandwich Islands
12 April, 2022 by Martin Collins, Mark Belchier, Philip Hollyman
The exploitation of marine resources of the South Sandwich Islands (SSI) began with the hunting of fur seals for their pelts in the early decades of the 19th Century. Pelagic…Megabenthos habitats influenced by nearby hydrothermal activity on the Sandwich Plate, Southern Ocean
12 April, 2022 by Katrin Linse
The Sandwich Plate is known as one of the tectonically most active regions in the Southern Ocean and Antarctica, characterised by a subsurface chain of active volcanic islands (the South…Plankton and nekton community structure in the vicinity of the South Sandwich Islands (Southern Ocean) and the influence of environmental factors
12 April, 2022 by Cecilia Liszka, Eugene Murphy, Geraint Tarling, Sally Thorpe, Sophie Fielding
The South Sandwich Islands (SSI) are a biologically productive archipelago situated in the eastern Scotia Sea to the south of the eastward flowing Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). The islands support…Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) distribution and movements in the vicinity of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Marine Protected Area
12 April, 2022 by Connor Bamford, Jennifer Jackson, Philip Trathan
Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are showing strong recovery from commercial whaling in the western South Atlantic. In this region, humpback whales migrate annually from their winter breeding grounds off the…Whistler waves above the lower hybrid frequency in the ionosphere and their counterparts in the magnetosphere
12 April, 2022 by Richard Horne
In this study, we report the statistical properties of whistler mode low hybrid (LH) emissions in the ionosphere, which have structureless spectra with a lower frequency boundary that matches the…Measurement of gas-phase OH radical oxidation and film thickness of organic films at the air–water interface using material extracted from urban, remote and wood smoke aerosol
12 April, 2022 by Joshua Eveson, Markus Frey, Neil Brough, Sabino Del Vento
The presence of an organic film on a cloud droplet or aqueous aerosol particle has the potential to alter the chemical, optical and physical properties of the droplet or particle.…Acceleration of climate warming and plant dynamics in Antarctica
11 April, 2022 by Peter Convey
The strong air temperature warming between the 1950s and 2016 in the Antarctic Peninsula region exceeded the global average warming with evident impacts on terrestrial ecosystems and the two native…Read more on Acceleration of climate warming and plant dynamics in Antarctica