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Radiometric dating in geology
1 January, 1980
The method of dating rocks and minerals is known as geochronology. Although in principle this term could be applied to estimation of relative ages according to traditional geological observation, it…Higher fungi of Antarctica, the Subantarctic Zone and Falkland Islands
1 January, 1980
An annotated list is provided of all the macromycetes (Ascomycotina and Basidiomycotina) recorded from the Antarctic region and neighbouring islands. Bryosphaeria megaspora Spooner, Didymella antarctica Spooner, Epibryon chorisodontiae Spooner, Gnomonia…Read more on Higher fungi of Antarctica, the Subantarctic Zone and Falkland Islands
The distribution, growth, and reproduction of the Antarctic limpet Nacella (Patinigera) concinna (Strebel, 1908)
1 January, 1980
Twenty-one monthly collections of the Antarctic limpet Nacella (Patinigera) concinna (Strebel, 1908) were obtained by divers at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands. A mean monthly population density of 123.7 ±…The production ecology of benthic plants in Some Antarctic lakes: II. Laboratory physiology studies
1 January, 1980
1) Laboratory experiments were carried out on the photosynthetic physiology of two algal communities and two species of aquatic moss from lakes on Signy Island (Antarctica). (2) Net rate of…The production ecology of benthic plants in some Antarctic lakes: I. In situ production studies
1 January, 1980
(1) The vegetation of three oligotrophic lakes on Signy Island (Antarctica) is dominated by benthic algal felts and aquatic mosses, and the phytoplankton is sparse. Five seasonal factors affect underwater…The food and feeding ecology of Blue petrel (Halobaena caerulea) and Dove prion (Pachyptila desolata)
1 January, 1980
The diet of two small burrow dwelling petrels, Dove prion, Pachyptila desolata and Blue petrel Halobaena caerulea, was studied at the subantarctic island of South Georgia by quantitative analysis of…The food and feeding ecology of grey-headed albatross Diomedea chrysostoma and black-browed albatross D. Melanophris
1 January, 1980
The food and feeding ecology of Black‐browed Albatrosses and Grey‐headed Albatrosses was studied from 1975 to 1978 at Bird Island, South Georgia. Two hundred and seventy food samples (averaging 75–85…Feral brown rats, Rattus norvegicus, in South Georgia (South Atlantic Ocean)
1 January, 1980
Brown rats were introduced to the sub‐antarctic island of South Georgia probably around 1800. They are now widespread and abundant, particularly on the north coast. The population is divided into…Read more on Feral brown rats, Rattus norvegicus, in South Georgia (South Atlantic Ocean)
Recrystallisation and electrical behaviour of glacier ice
1 January, 1980
Electrical d.c. resistivity measurements made on the George VI Ice Shelf have established the polar nature of Antarctic ice despite saturation by melt-water from surface melt-lakes. Previously it has been…Read more on Recrystallisation and electrical behaviour of glacier ice
Systematic errors in VLF direction-finding of whistler ducts—II
1 January, 1980
In the previous paper (Strangeways, 1980) it was shown that the systematic error in the azimuthal bearing due to multipath propagation and incident wave polarisation (when this also constitutes an…Read more on Systematic errors in VLF direction-finding of whistler ducts—II
Trapping of whistler-waves through the side of ducts
1 January, 1980
It is shown that, when the whistler-mode phase refractive index is plotted along the length of geomagnetic field lines as a function of altitude, there is a minimum at an…Read more on Trapping of whistler-waves through the side of ducts
ELF radio signals in the auroral ionosphere generated by non-linear demodulation of LF and/or MF transmissions
1 January, 1980
We have conducted experiments measuring ELF and VLF radio signals in the afternoon to early morning (local time) between 24 March and 4 April 1979 in Northern Scandinavia. Apart from…Survey reduction for glacier movement studies
1 January, 1980
Surveys of glaciers require special reduction techniques because of the continuous movement of ice. In the past, a minimum of two surveys of a network was needed to determine glacier…Morphology and chemical composition of a natural population of an ice-associated Antarctic diatom Navicula glacei
1 January, 1980
During winter (1973), a very pure natural population of the diatom Navicula glaciei Van Heurck occurred in dense concentrations (up to 244 mg·m−2 chlorophyll a) in the sea ice at…Seasonal fluctuations in microbial activity in Antarctic moss peat
1 January, 1980
The Signy Island terrestrial reference sites epitomize unpolluted maritime Antarctic tundra. The extreme transition from the harsh Antarctic winter to the milder summer facilitates studies of the effects of freeze-thaw…Read more on Seasonal fluctuations in microbial activity in Antarctic moss peat
Experimental studies on the cold tolerance of Alaskozetes antarcticus
1 January, 1980 by William Block
The cold tolerance mechanism of the Antarctic terrestrial mite Alaskozetes antarcticus (Michael) was investigated in cultured animals. Freezing is fatal in this species and winter survival occurs by means of…Read more on Experimental studies on the cold tolerance of Alaskozetes antarcticus
Some factors affecting metabolic rate in an Antarctic mite
1 January, 1980 by William Block
1. Determinations of live weight-specific oxygen consumption (metabolic rate) in adults of the Antarctic terrestrial mite Alaskozetes antarcticus (Michael) showed that starvation resulted in metabolic suppression. 2. Food materials were…Read more on Some factors affecting metabolic rate in an Antarctic mite
Cold hardiness in a temperate cryptostigmatid mite
1 January, 1980
The temperate cryptostigmatid mite Humerobates rostrolamellatus Grandjean tolerates temperatures below -20°C by supercooling. Glycerol is present in these animals after acclimation at 0°C. The significance of these findings is briefly…Read more on Cold hardiness in a temperate cryptostigmatid mite
Nanorchestes antarcticus Strandtmann (Prostigmata) from Antarctic ice
1 January, 1980 by William Block
Nanorchestes antarcticus Strandtmann 1967 (Prostigmata: Pachygnathidae) is reported in ice samples from the MacLeod Glacier оп Signy Island in the maritime Antarctic. Its оссuпепсе in glacier ice is discussed in…Read more on Nanorchestes antarcticus Strandtmann (Prostigmata) from Antarctic ice
Natural selection in house mice (Mus musculus) from South Georgia (South Atlantic Ocean)
1 January, 1979
Mice living in tussock grass on a remote headland of the South Atlantic island of South Georgia (54°S) where the mean temperature is less than 2°C and the monthly average…Cold tolerance of micro-arthropods from Alaskan taiga
1 January, 1979 by William Block
Mean supercooling points for a variety of soil and litter arthropods including mites, springtails, a heteropteran and immature spiders from a central Alaskan taiga site ranged from ‐6.3 to ‐28.5°C…Read more on Cold tolerance of micro-arthropods from Alaskan taiga
British Antarctic Survey, 1978–79
1 January, 1979
Five main British Antarctic Survey stations were occupied throughout the year. These were Faraday and Halley (the two geophysical observatories), Signy (the main biological station), Grytviken (a multi-disciplinary sub-Antarctic station…Assimilation efficiency of the antarctic marine isopod Glyptonotus antarcticus
1 January, 1979 by Andrew Clarke
When fed shrimp every 2 days, the isopod Glyptonotus antarcticus Eights assimilated over 90% of the ingested food. Errors in this estimate due to loss of food material during maceration…Read more on Assimilation efficiency of the antarctic marine isopod Glyptonotus antarcticus
Lipid content and composition of the pink shrimp, Pandalus montagui (Leach) (Crustacea: Decapoda)
1 January, 1979 by Andrew Clarke
Samples of pink shrimp, Pandalus montagui (Leach), were taken in winter from the estuary of the River Crouch and Lynn Well in the Wash. Males and ovigerous females (analysed without…On living in cold water: K-strategies in antarctic benthos
1 January, 1979 by Andrew Clarke
Comparison of the life-histories of two species pairs of caridean decapods, each pair containing a polar and a more temperate-water species (Chorismus antarcticus (Pfeffer, 1887)/Pandalus montagui Leach, 1814 and Notocrangon…Read more on On living in cold water: K-strategies in antarctic benthos
Geological significance of a Middle Cambrian fauna from Antarctica
1 January, 1979
A NEW collection of a Cambrian fauna, occurring as erratics in a Quaternary moraine near Mount Provender (80°23′S, 29°55′W), western Shackleton Range (Fig. 1, inset) is reported here. It includes…Read more on Geological significance of a Middle Cambrian fauna from Antarctica
Antarctic seabird and seal monitoring studies
1 January, 1979
The need to investigate and understand the nature of changes in abundance of economically important marine living resources has been widely recognized. They may be naturally occurring fluctuations, cycles or…Performance of V.H.F. aerials close to a snow surface
1 January, 1979
Measurements of aerial admittance as a function of height above a snow surface show that when the surface temperature is below freezing, the aerial performance is insensitive to slight surface…Read more on Performance of V.H.F. aerials close to a snow surface
Geomagnetic polarisation anomaly at South Georgia
1 January, 1979
A preliminary analysis shows that magnetic variations of periods 16 to 60 minutes at South Georgia are strongly polarized in a NNE'ly direction. The effect is observed at all seasons…Read more on Geomagnetic polarisation anomaly at South Georgia
Evolutionary temperature adaptation and the calcium regulation of fish actomyosin ATPases
1 January, 1979
Actomyosins have been isolated from the white skeletal muscles of fish inhabiting thermal environments with characteristically low seasonal temperature variations for example, Antarctica, arctic rivers and the equatorial oceans. Calcium…Abnormal testes in reindeer, Rangifer tarandus
1 January, 1979
In a sample of reindeer from South Georgia, 4 males were abnormal in that 1 had bilateral cryptorchid testis, 2 each had 1 cryptorchid testis and 1 had a vestigial…Age-related changes in the testicular and antler cycles of reindeer, Rangifer tarandus
1 January, 1979
A total of 111 male reindeer of various ages was shot in all months of the year to study the relationship between the seasonal changes in testicular activity and the…Read more on Age-related changes in the testicular and antler cycles of reindeer, Rangifer tarandus
Age determination of reindeer introduced into South Georgia
1 January, 1979
The ages of South Georgia Reindeer collected from the introduced herds, and of carcasses from natural deaths were determined using patterns of tooth replacement and eruption, and annulations in the…Read more on Age determination of reindeer introduced into South Georgia
A remote unmanned ELF/VLF goniometer receiver in Antarctica
1 January, 1979
In March 1977 an unmanned ELF/VLF goniometer receiving station was deployed on the Antarctic plateau 110 km south south west of the British Antarctic Survey base at Halley. A UHF…Read more on A remote unmanned ELF/VLF goniometer receiver in Antarctica
Management of multispecies fisheries
1 January, 1979
With the overexploitation of many conventional fish stcocks, and growing interest in harvesting new kinds of food from the sea, there is increasing need for managers of fisheries to take…The cryopreservation of Chlamydomonas
1 January, 1979
A cryophilic strain of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas, C. nivalis was found to be more resistant to the stresses both of freezing and thawing and of shrinkage and rehydration…Growth in the Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella
1 January, 1979
The growth of the Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazellaat South Georgia is described from 556 specimens whose age was determined. The following parameters are described: standard length, body weight, foreflipper…Read more on Growth in the Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella
Identification and breeding biology of the diving petrels Pelecanoides georgicus and P. urinatrix exsul at South Georgia
1 January, 1979
The biology of two species of diving petrel (Pelecanoides georgicus and P. urinatrix exsul) was studied at Bird Island, South Georgia. Existing criteria (bill shape and morphology, wing length) for…Growth, production and biomass of the antarctic gastropod Laevilacunaria Antarctica Martens 1885
1 January, 1979
Twenty-one monthly collections of the Antarctic prosobranch gastropod Laevilacunaria antarctica Martens 1885 were obtained by divers at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands. Animals were contagiously distributed in the depth range…Analysis of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in Antarctic marine sediment layers
1 January, 1979
THE presence of both paraffinic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in sediments and soils from the Northern Hemisphere has been well documented1–5. Paraffinic hydrocarbons are generally assumed to be derived…Read more on Analysis of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in Antarctic marine sediment layers
Sedimentation and the distribution of organic matter in a sub-Antarctic marine bay
1 January, 1979
The annual rate of sediment accumulation and the proportion due to resuspension in a sheltered sub-Antarctic bay has been deduced from sediment trap experiments and vertical profiles of organic matter…Read more on Sedimentation and the distribution of organic matter in a sub-Antarctic marine bay
Data on the adult marine and migratory phases in the life cycle of the southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis Gray
1 January, 1979
Large numbers of the Southern Hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, have been found in the regurgitated food of albatrosses breeding on South Georgia. This finding suggests that this lamprey is found…Morphology and adaptation of aquatic mosses in an Antarctic lake
1 January, 1979
Two species of moss growing in Moss Lake on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, had unusual morphologies with large leaves and long internodes. Both Calliergon sarmentosum and Drepanocladus cf. aduncus…Read more on Morphology and adaptation of aquatic mosses in an Antarctic lake
A revision of the Antarctic and Subantarctic members of the genus Yoldia Moller, 1842 (Bivalvia: Nuculanidae)
1 January, 1979
Samples from 15 Antarctic and Subantarctic localities were measured and subjected to discriminatory analysis of shell morphology. Only two species were recognized as belonging to the genus Yoldia Möller, 1842:…Equilibrium profile of ice shelves
1 January, 1979
Using expressions for ice-shelf creep derived by Weertman (1957) and Thomas (1973[b]) a general method is developed for calculating equilibrium thickness profiles, velocities, and strain-rates for any ice shelf. This…Is vertical shear in an ice shelf negligible?
1 January, 1979
Vertical shear stress in ice shelves cannot be precisely zero, since the upper and lower surfaces are generally not parallel. By performing stress balance on a vertical column in an…Reproductive biology of the antarctic opisthobranch Philine gibba Strebel
1 January, 1979
Monthly samples (August 1974 to February 1976) and cultured material have been used to describe ovotestis maturation, spawning, and larval development of the Antarctic opisthobranch Philine gibba Strebel. Ovotestis maturation…Read more on Reproductive biology of the antarctic opisthobranch Philine gibba Strebel
A semi-automated whistler analyser
1 January, 1979
A system to facilitate the analysis of wide-band VLF data from goniometer receivers has been designed and built and is now in use. Whistlers and other types of VLF phenomena…