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The polarisation of whistlers received on the ground near L = 4
1 January, 1994
The observed polarisation of the horizontal magnetic components of whistler mode signals received at Halley, Antarctica (L≈ 4.3), is in many cases that expected from a simple model of the…Read more on The polarisation of whistlers received on the ground near L = 4
The performance of a surface station on an Antarctic ice shelf
1 January, 1994
Halley is a scientific station on the Brunt Ice Shelf, Antarctica. The three main buildings are wooden single-storey structures supported about 5 metres above the snow surface by steel platforms…Read more on The performance of a surface station on an Antarctic ice shelf
The relationship between water chemistry and surface sediment diatom assemblages in maritime Antarctic lakes
1 December, 1993
Maritime Antarctic freshwater lakes and their catchments are inherently simple systems in an environment which is characterized by strong seasonality. Such lakes offer excellent opportunities to study the interaction of…Measurements of seasonal rates and annual budgets of organic carbon fluxes in an Antarctic coastal environment at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, suggest a broader balance between production and decomposition
1 December, 1993 by Andrew Clarke
We report here the first comprehensive seasonal study of benthic microbial activity in an Antarctic coastal environment. Measurements were made from December 1990 to February 1992 of oxygen uptake and…Temperature and salinity beneath Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica
1 December, 1993 by Adrian Jenkins, Keith Nicholls
Salinity and temperature measurements have been made beneath Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Access to the seawater was gained by hot-water drilling through 562 m of ice at a site 300…Read more on Temperature and salinity beneath Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Pedal mucus production by the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna (Strebel, 1908)
1 December, 1993 by Lloyd Peck
Pedal mucus production rates were measured in the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna (Strebel, 1908). Measurements were taken over 30-min and 24-h periods to allow the relative amounts of mucus produced…Read more on Pedal mucus production by the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna (Strebel, 1908)
Effects of temperature elevation on a field population of Acyrthosiphon svalbardicum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Spitsbergen
1 December, 1993 by William Block
A manipulation experiment was carried out on a field population of the aphid Acyrthosiphon svalbardicum near Ny Ålesund, on the high arctic island of Spitsbergen, using cloches to raise temperature.…Electrical conductivity measurements from the GISP2 and GRIP Greenlandice cores
1 December, 1993
THE direct-current electrical conductivity of glacial ice depends on its acidity1–3, and can also indicate changes in climate, as ice formed in cold, dusty periods has a high concentration of…Read more on Electrical conductivity measurements from the GISP2 and GRIP Greenlandice cores
Implications of the break-up of Wordie Ice Shelf, Antarctica for sea level
1 December, 1993 by David Vaughan
Temperature records in the Antarctic Peninsula have shown a climatic warming of 1.5°C over the past 30 years and a number of ice shelves have retreated. The most dramatic retreat…Read more on Implications of the break-up of Wordie Ice Shelf, Antarctica for sea level
Variations in the distribution of chlorophyll a and inorganic nutrients around South Georgia, South Atlantic
1 December, 1993
Data collected on four large-scale surveys around the subantarctic island of South Georgia provide information on the variability in the distribution of chlorophyll and inorganic nutrients during the austral summer…Plasma prolactin during the breeding season in adult and immature macaroni (Eudyptes chrysolophus) and gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) penguins
1 December, 1993
Plasma prolactin levels were measured in free-living breeding adult and immature (prebreeding) macaroni (Eudyptes chrysolophus) and gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) penguins at Bird Island, South Georgia (54°S, 38°W). Macaroni and gentoo…Plasmasphere dynamics in the duskside bulge region: a new look at an old topic
1 November, 1993
Data acquired during several multiday periods in 1982 at ground stations Siple, Halley, and Kerguelen and on satellites DE 1, ISEE 1, and GEOS 2 have been used to investigate…Read more on Plasmasphere dynamics in the duskside bulge region: a new look at an old topic
Giant slide deposits from a Mesozoic fore-arc basin, Alexander Island, Antarctica
1 November, 1993
Several very large synsedimentary slide units exist in the well-exposed Mesozoic fore-arc sequence of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The largest single exposure, which is at least 440 m thick and more…Read more on Giant slide deposits from a Mesozoic fore-arc basin, Alexander Island, Antarctica
The vegetation of Cockburn Island, Antarctica
1 November, 1993
Cockburn Island, off the north-east Antarctic Peninsula, is important in the history of Antarctic terrestrial biology as it was here where the first botanical collections were made by JD Hooker…Growth and population structure in the infaunal bivalve Yoldia eightsi in relation to iceberg activity at Signy Island, Antarctica
1 October, 1993 by Lloyd Peck
Growth rates in the infaunal nuculanid bivalve mollusc Yoldia eightsi (Couthouy) were assessed for field populations in Factory Cove, Signy Island, Antarctica, between. February and April 1992. Daily increments in…An application of scanned focused ion beam milling to studies on the internal morphology of small arthropods
1 October, 1993
For the first time a scanned focused ion beam of approximately 50 nm diameter has been used to prepare biological material. Small defined areas of the surface were removed by…Population dynamics of marine benthic invertebrates in Antarctic and subantarctic environments: are there unique adaptations?
1 September, 1993 by Andrew Clarke
Data on the growth (20 species) and productivity (19 species) of Antarctic and subantarctic macrobenthos were compiled from published and unpublished sources. Differences in the production/biomass (P/B) ratio between Antarctic,…Geochemistry of Palaeozoic–Mesozoic Pacific rim orogenic magmatism, Thurston Island area, West Antarctica
1 September, 1993 by Philip Leat
Thurston Island, and the adjacent Eights Coast and Jones Mountains, record Pacific margin magmatism from Carboniferous to Late Cretaceous times. The igneous rocks form a uniformly calc-alkaline, high-alumina, dominantly metaluminous…Dipterid ferns from the Mesozoic of Antarctica and New Zealand and their stratigraphical significance
1 September, 1993
Two genera of dipteridaceous ferns, Goeppertella and Hausmannia, are described for the first time from the Mesozoic Hope Bay and Botany Bay assemblages of the northern Antarctic Peninsula, and Goeppertella…Genetic evidence of population heterogeneity and cryptic speciation in the ommastrephid squid Martialia hyadesi from the Patagonian Shelf and Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone
1 August, 1993 by Paul Rodhouse
Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was used to investigate levels of genetic differentiation between four samples of the nominate squid species Martialia hyadesi Rochbrune and Mabille, 1889, obtained from regions of…Reproductive trade-offs in caridean shrimps
1 August, 1993 by Andrew Clarke
1. Volume, dry mass and nutrient content were measured in eggs from four species of polar caridean shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda): Chorismus antarcticus, Notocrangon antarcticus and Nematocarcinus lanceopes from the Weddell…Observation of a decrease in mid-latitude whistler mode signal occurrence prior to geomagnetic storms
1 August, 1993 by Mark Clilverd
VLF whistler mode signals received in 1986–1992 at Faraday, Antarctica (65° S, 64° W) and Dunedin, New Zealand (46° S, 171° E) show night-long decreases in occurrence which may be…The influence of ionospheric absorption on mid-latitude whistler mode signal occurrence from VLF transmitters
1 August, 1993 by Mark Clilverd
Whistler mode signals from VLF transmitters received at Faraday, Antarctica (65° S, 64° W) during 1986–1991 show an annual variation in the number of hours over which signals are observed,…The local deposition of heavy metal emissions from point sources in Antarctica
1 August, 1993 by Eric Wolff
Surface snow samples have been analysed for the heavy metals Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn to investigate the spatial scale of local sources of pollution in Antarctica. Samples from around…Read more on The local deposition of heavy metal emissions from point sources in Antarctica
The Pre-Cenozoic magmatic history of the Thurston Island Crustal Block, west Antarctica
1 July, 1993
New Rb-Sr and K-Ar geochronological data are presented for the majority of known pre-Cenozoic outcrops in Thurston Island, the Jones Mountains, and the western Eights Coast, which collectively represent the…Read more on The Pre-Cenozoic magmatic history of the Thurston Island Crustal Block, west Antarctica
A comparison of Arctic and Antarctic mesoscale vortices
1 July, 1993 by John Turner, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
The mesoscale (less than 100km) vortices occurring in the two polar regions are considered in terms of their geographical and seasonal distribution, satellite cloud signatures and forcing mechanisms. Environmental conditions…Read more on A comparison of Arctic and Antarctic mesoscale vortices
Evidence for an Antarctic winter coastal polynya
1 June, 1993
Satellite infra-red imagery and meteorological data suggest the presence of winter open water (polynya) in the coastal pack ice to the north and west of the Brunt Ice Shelf. Satellite…Read more on Evidence for an Antarctic winter coastal polynya
Egg size and egg composition in polar shrimps (Caridea; Decapoda)
1 June, 1993 by Andrew Clarke
Egg volume and several aspects of egg nutrient content (dry mass, organic content, carbon and nitrogen content) were measured in eggs from five species of polar caridean shrimp (Crustacea; Decapoda):…Read more on Egg size and egg composition in polar shrimps (Caridea; Decapoda)
Dielectric properties of ice containing acid and salt impurity at microwave and low frequencies
1 June, 1993
We compare the microwave and low-frequency (LF) dielectric conductivity of natural and artificial ice as a function of impurity concentration and temperature. We find a linear dependence of conductivity on…Larval development in the Antarctic nemertean Parborlasia corrugatus (Heteronemertea: Lineidae)
1 June, 1993 by Lloyd Peck
Embryonic and larval development were followed from fertilisation to settlement in the Antarctic heteronemertean Parborlasia corrugatus (McIntosh, 1876). The first cleavage occurred 10 to 15 h after fertilisation, and the…Cephalopod prey of the black-browed albatrossDiomedea melanophrys at South Georgia
1 June, 1993 by Paul Rodhouse
Regurgitations were collected from 41 black-browed albatross adults feeding chicks at Bird Island (54°S 38°W), South Georgia in February 1986. The samples were sorted into recognisable food categories and weighed.…Read more on Cephalopod prey of the black-browed albatrossDiomedea melanophrys at South Georgia
Latitudinal range fluctuations in the marine realm through geological time
1 May, 1993 by Alistair Crame
Our concept of polar marine faunas as having evolved in comparative isolation over long periods may need to be revised. New evidence from the Southern Ocean, in particular, suggests that…Read more on Latitudinal range fluctuations in the marine realm through geological time
Photosynthetic response of the Antarctic moss Polytrichum alpestre Hoppe to low temperatures and freeze-thaw stress
1 May, 1993
The effect of low temperatures and freeze-thaw stress on photosynthetic carbon exchange in an Antarctic population of the turf-forming moss species Polytrichum alpestre Hoppe was investigated using infra-red gas analysis.…Dielectric properties of frozen clay and silt soils
1 May, 1993
The dielectric properties of a clay and a silt soil have been studied at low water saturations at temperatures between −100°C and −15°C. The frequency range of the study (20…Read more on Dielectric properties of frozen clay and silt soils
Imaging riometer and HF radar measurements of drifting F region electron density structures in the polar cap
1 May, 1993
A study of riometer, photometer, and ionosonde data from South Pole Station has revealed a class of unusual dayside absorption events which occur near local magnetic noon when South Pole…A mesoscale vortex over Halley Station, Antarctica
1 May, 1993 by John Turner, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
A detailed analysis of the evolution and structure of a mesoscale vortex and associated cloud comma that developed at the eastern edge of the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, during the early…Read more on A mesoscale vortex over Halley Station, Antarctica
Plasma flow bursts in the nightside auroral zone ionosphere and their relation to geomagnetic activity
1 April, 1993 by Mervyn Freeman, Michael Pinnock
We examine the nature of flows in the nightside auroral zone ionosphere and their relationship with concurrent geomagnetic activity by studying a three-hour interval of ground-based radar, magnetometer array and…The fractionation of sea salt and acids during transport across an Antarctic ice shelf
1 April, 1993 by Hugh Corr, Robert Mulvaney
Analyses of Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, Na and Mg made on a series of surface snow samples, collected at 4 km intervals along a 116 km traverse of the Fimbul Ice…Read more on The fractionation of sea salt and acids during transport across an Antarctic ice shelf
Moult in black-browed and grey-headed albatrosses Diomedea melanophris and D. chrysostoma
1 April, 1993
We recorded the age of individual wing and tail feathers of Black-browed and Grey-headed Albatrosses Diomedea melanophris and D. chrysostoma of known age and breeding status at Bird Island, South…The equilibrium constant of NO2 with N2O4 and the temperature dependence of the visible spectrum of NO2: A critical review and the implications for measurements of NO2 in the polar stratosphere
1 April, 1993
Measurements of stratospheric NO2 by ground-based visible spectrometers rely on laboratory measurements of absorption cross-sections. We review low-temperature laboratory measurements, which disagree by amounts claimed to be significant. Our recalculation…Facies and depositional processes in an Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous pelagic sedimentary sequence, Antarctica
1 April, 1993
The Nordenskjöld Formation (?Oxfordian-Berriasian age) is exposed on the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, where it consists of interbedded ash layers and biosiliceous mudstones which accumulated under anaerobic to…Pup production and distribution of breeding Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) at South Georgia
1 March, 1993
A census of the breeding population of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) at South Georgia was carried out during the 1990/91 breeding season. Using counts of adult females ashore at…Bipolar molluscs and their evolutionary implications
1 March, 1993
The phenomenon of bipolarity, one of the major disjunct distribution patterns on the face of the earth, has been investigated repeatedly since the mid-nineteenth century. Running through the many hypotheses…Read more on Bipolar molluscs and their evolutionary implications
Enhanced bedrock weathering in association with late-lying snowpatches: Evidence from Livingston Island, Antarctica
1 March, 1993
An indication of the extent of weathering on different aspects of rock outcrops on Livingston Island, Antarctica, was obtained by means of a Schmidt hammer, a cone indenter and measurement…Evidence for winter/spring denitrification of the stratosphere in the nitrate record of Antarctic firn cores
1 March, 1993 by Eric Wolff, Robert Mulvaney
A firn core from within the polar vortex in the Weddell Sea sector of Antarctica shows nitrate peaks that occur in the spring or early summer. They are far less…Observations of an enhanced convection channel in the cusp ionosphere
1 March, 1993 by Michael Pinnock
Transient or patchy magnetic field line merging on the dayside magnetopause, giving rise to flux transfer events (FTEs), is thought to play a significant role in energizing high-latitude ionospheric convection…Read more on Observations of an enhanced convection channel in the cusp ionosphere
Preliminary lithofacies assessment and 40Ar/39Ar ages of Cenozoic volcanic sequences in eastern Marie Byrd Land
1 March, 1993
Because of its remoteness, Marie Byrd Land is among the most inaccessible and least visited parts of Antarctica. However, it contains a very poorly studied, large Cenozoic alkaline volcanic province…Ice nucleation studies of two beetles from sub-antarctic South Georgia
1 March, 1993 by Roger Worland, William Block
Supercooling points of adults and larvae of the coleopterans Hydromedion sparsutum and Perimylops antarcticus at South Georgia ranged from -3.0 to -5.4°C with Perimylops freezing at c.1.6°C lower than Hydromedion.…Read more on Ice nucleation studies of two beetles from sub-antarctic South Georgia
Tooth growth in male Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) from South Georgia: an indicator of long-term growth history
1 February, 1993
Growth of upper canine teeth of male Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) which died of natural causes at Bird Island, South Georgia, was quantified from measurements of annual layers in…Simulated climate change: the interaction between vegetation type and microhabitat temperatures at Ny �lesund, Svalbard
1 February, 1993 by Roger Worland, William Block
Small polythene tents were used to simulate the effects of climate warming on two contrasting vegetation types (polar semi-desert and tundra heath) at Ny Ålesund, Spitzbergen, Svalbard. Temperature microclimates are…Lithostratigraphy of the uppermost Fossil Bluff Group (Early Cretaceous) of Alexander Island, Antarctica: history of an Albian regression
1 February, 1993
The Fossil Bluff Group of south-east Alexander Island contains strata ranging from Kimmeridgian to Albian in age and represents the infill of a fore-arc basin to the west of the…Cyclotron absorption of ion-cyclotron waves at the bi-ion frequency
1 February, 1993 by Richard Horne
We demonstrate that geomagnetically trapped ion-cyclotron waves that are generated near the equator with frequencies below ΩHe+, can experience significant O+ cyclotron resonant absorption near the reflection point at frequencies…Read more on Cyclotron absorption of ion-cyclotron waves at the bi-ion frequency
Abundance, horizontal and vertical distribution of fish in eastern Weddell Sea micronekton
1 February, 1993
The spatial distribution and species composition of high-Antarctic ichthyonekton was investigated during the EPOS 3 cruise by RV Polarstern in the eastern Weddell Sea during January–February 1989. A multiple rectangular…A miniature storing activity recorder for seabird species
1 January, 1993 by Vsevolod Afanasyev
An activity recorder weighing 24 g with on-board data storage, designed to record data relating to seabird activity and behaviour at sea, is described. The principles, the design specification and…Read more on A miniature storing activity recorder for seabird species
A method for preparing large numbers of otolith sections for viewing by scanning electron microscope
1 January, 1993
In an investigation of the age structure of a population of Notothenia coriiceps Richardson at the South Orkney Islands, Antarctica, the microstructure of otoliths was examined. Progress is reported on…Variation in weaning mass of pups in relation to maternal mass, postweaning fast duration, and weaned pup behaviour in southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) at South Georgia
1 January, 1993
Female southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, assemble in large groups and each gives birth to a single pup which is nursed for some 3 weeks. Weaning mass is highly variable;…Sr-isotope variations in a composite sill: crystal-liquid processes and the origin of the Skye granites
1 January, 1993
Sr-isotope data from the Rubh’an Eireannaich sill, one of a suite of composite (mafic-silicic) minor intrusions associated with the 59 Ma Skye Intrusive Centre, NW Scotland, indicate that both crystal-liquid…Water flux, body composition, and metabolic rate during molt in female southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina)
1 January, 1993
Tritiated water dilution was used to measure changes in the proximate body composition of adult female southern elephant seals at the end of lactation and at the beginning and end…Atmospheric water-vapour transport to Antarctica inferred from radiosonde data
1 January, 1993 by John King
Data from 16 radiosonde stations are used to study the transport of water vapour in the antarctic atmosphere. Total column moisture (TCM), winds and moisture flux measurements are presented, together…Read more on Atmospheric water-vapour transport to Antarctica inferred from radiosonde data
Antarctic digital database user’s guide and reference manual (v1.0)
1 January, 1993
Plus CD-ROM. Copyright © Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research 1993Read more on Antarctic digital database user’s guide and reference manual (v1.0)
Temperature and extinction in the sea: a physiologist’s view
1 January, 1993 by Andrew Clarke
Climatic change has long been regarded as an important factor in evolutionary history. In particular, periods of enhanced extinction in marine taxa (especially those from warmer waters) have frequently been…Read more on Temperature and extinction in the sea: a physiologist’s view
Investment in sexual reproduction by Antarctic mosses
1 January, 1993 by Peter Convey
We propose four measures of allocation to sexual reproduction in mosses, and apply these to data obtained from 15 species found fruiting on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, in the…Read more on Investment in sexual reproduction by Antarctic mosses
Radar absorption due to impurities in Antarctic ice
1 January, 1993 by Hugh Corr, Keith Nicholls
Measurements of radar echo strength have been carried out on Ronne and George VI Ice Shelves, Antarctica. The differences in ice-column absorption between the two sites cannot be resolved by…Read more on Radar absorption due to impurities in Antarctic ice
Stratigraphy and regional significance of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Byers Group, Livingston Island, Antarctica
1 January, 1993 by Alistair Crame
The Byers Group, exposed on Byers Peninsula, western Livingston Island, Antarctica, comprises a mudstone dominated sequence at least 1 km thick which accumulated in a marginal fore-arc environment. The basal,…Diving pattern and performance in the macaroni penguinEudptes chrysolophus
1 January, 1993
The pattern and characteristics of diving in two female macaroni penguins Eudyptes chrysolophus was studied, during the brooding period, using continuous-recording time-depth recorders, for a total of I8 days (15…Read more on Diving pattern and performance in the macaroni penguinEudptes chrysolophus
Climate instability during the last interglacial period recorded in the GRIP ice core
1 January, 1993
Isotope and chemical analyses of the GRIP ice core from Summit, central Greenland, reveal that climate in Greenland during the last interglacial period was characterized by a series of severe…Read more on Climate instability during the last interglacial period recorded in the GRIP ice core
Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a maritime Antarctic stream
1 January, 1993
1 The carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a maritime Antarctic lake outflow stream were investigated. The stream and the algal communities could be split into two zones: a semi-aquatic margin consisting…Read more on Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a maritime Antarctic stream
Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a small pond in the maritime Antarctic
1 January, 1993
Small ponds and puddles are extremely common throughout the ice-free areas of the maritime Antarctic. The carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a typical pond on Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands…Read more on Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a small pond in the maritime Antarctic
Primary colonization by microalgae in relation to spatial variation in edaphic factors on Antarctic fellfield soils
1 January, 1993
1. The causes of variations in the composition of microalgal communities on frost-sorted soil polygons on Signy Island, maritime Antarctica, were investigated, based on analyses of physical and chemical conditions…