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Variation in weaning mass of pups in relation to maternal mass, postweaning fast duration, and weaned pup behaviour in southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) at South Georgia
1 January, 1993
Female southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, assemble in large groups and each gives birth to a single pup which is nursed for some 3 weeks. Weaning mass is highly variable;…Sr-isotope variations in a composite sill: crystal-liquid processes and the origin of the Skye granites
1 January, 1993
Sr-isotope data from the Rubh’an Eireannaich sill, one of a suite of composite (mafic-silicic) minor intrusions associated with the 59 Ma Skye Intrusive Centre, NW Scotland, indicate that both crystal-liquid…Water flux, body composition, and metabolic rate during molt in female southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina)
1 January, 1993
Tritiated water dilution was used to measure changes in the proximate body composition of adult female southern elephant seals at the end of lactation and at the beginning and end…Atmospheric water-vapour transport to Antarctica inferred from radiosonde data
1 January, 1993 by John King
Data from 16 radiosonde stations are used to study the transport of water vapour in the antarctic atmosphere. Total column moisture (TCM), winds and moisture flux measurements are presented, together…Read more on Atmospheric water-vapour transport to Antarctica inferred from radiosonde data
Antarctic digital database user’s guide and reference manual (v1.0)
1 January, 1993
Plus CD-ROM. Copyright © Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research 1993Read more on Antarctic digital database user’s guide and reference manual (v1.0)
Temperature and extinction in the sea: a physiologist’s view
1 January, 1993 by Andrew Clarke
Climatic change has long been regarded as an important factor in evolutionary history. In particular, periods of enhanced extinction in marine taxa (especially those from warmer waters) have frequently been…Read more on Temperature and extinction in the sea: a physiologist’s view
Investment in sexual reproduction by Antarctic mosses
1 January, 1993 by Peter Convey
We propose four measures of allocation to sexual reproduction in mosses, and apply these to data obtained from 15 species found fruiting on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, in the…Read more on Investment in sexual reproduction by Antarctic mosses
Radar absorption due to impurities in Antarctic ice
1 January, 1993 by Hugh Corr, Keith Nicholls
Measurements of radar echo strength have been carried out on Ronne and George VI Ice Shelves, Antarctica. The differences in ice-column absorption between the two sites cannot be resolved by…Read more on Radar absorption due to impurities in Antarctic ice
Stratigraphy and regional significance of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Byers Group, Livingston Island, Antarctica
1 January, 1993 by Alistair Crame
The Byers Group, exposed on Byers Peninsula, western Livingston Island, Antarctica, comprises a mudstone dominated sequence at least 1 km thick which accumulated in a marginal fore-arc environment. The basal,…Diving pattern and performance in the macaroni penguinEudptes chrysolophus
1 January, 1993
The pattern and characteristics of diving in two female macaroni penguins Eudyptes chrysolophus was studied, during the brooding period, using continuous-recording time-depth recorders, for a total of I8 days (15…Read more on Diving pattern and performance in the macaroni penguinEudptes chrysolophus
Climate instability during the last interglacial period recorded in the GRIP ice core
1 January, 1993
Isotope and chemical analyses of the GRIP ice core from Summit, central Greenland, reveal that climate in Greenland during the last interglacial period was characterized by a series of severe…Read more on Climate instability during the last interglacial period recorded in the GRIP ice core
Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a maritime Antarctic stream
1 January, 1993
1 The carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a maritime Antarctic lake outflow stream were investigated. The stream and the algal communities could be split into two zones: a semi-aquatic margin consisting…Read more on Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a maritime Antarctic stream
Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a small pond in the maritime Antarctic
1 January, 1993
Small ponds and puddles are extremely common throughout the ice-free areas of the maritime Antarctic. The carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a typical pond on Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands…Read more on Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a small pond in the maritime Antarctic
Primary colonization by microalgae in relation to spatial variation in edaphic factors on Antarctic fellfield soils
1 January, 1993
1. The causes of variations in the composition of microalgal communities on frost-sorted soil polygons on Signy Island, maritime Antarctica, were investigated, based on analyses of physical and chemical conditions…Sedimentology and structure of the trench-slope to forearc basin transition in the Mesozoic of Alexander Island, Antarctica
1 January, 1993
The Mesozoic forearc of Alexander Island, Antarctica, is one of the few places in the world where the original stratigraphic relationship between a forearc basin and an accretionary complex is…Belemnite battlefields
1 January, 1993
Mass accumulations of belemnite rostra (‘belemnite battlefields’) are common in Mesozoic sediments, and accumulations of belemnoids are also known from older rocks. Many Recent teuthid species suffer mortality immediately after…The future of Antarctic scientific research
1 January, 1993
Within the stable political context of the Antarctic Treaty regime, science has flourished, achieving considerable prominence and an increasing global relevance. Issues such as stratospheric ozone depletion and enhanced ultraviolet…Antarctic Science A British Perspective
1 January, 1993
Antarctica is probably the least known of the world's regions. Intensive research by over 20 nations during the past 30 years has demonstrated increasingly the integral and often critical role…Signatures of dayside solar wind/magnetosphere/ionosphere coupling as revealed by the PACE HF radars and associated experiments
1 January, 1993
The nature of the coupling between the solar wind and magnetosphere on the dayside of the Earth, and the response of the ionosphere to this coupling are currently topics of…Observations on life cycle and feeding ecology of two recently introduced predatory beetle species at South Georgia, sub-Antarctic
1 January, 1993
On South Georgia, two recently introduced species of predatory beetle,Oopterus soledadinus andTrechisibus antarcticus (Coleoptera, Carabidae), were studied in the period November 1991–April 1992. The study area comprised the coastal area…Comparison of krill (Euphausia superba) density estimates using 38 and 120 kHz echosounders
1 January, 1993
A series of observations, using a dual-frequency calibrated echosounder operating at 38 and 120 kHz, of a patch of Euphausia superba close to South Georgia in 1986 is described. Sea…Late Cretaceous and Paleocene decapod crustaceans from James Ross Basin, Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 1993
Seventeen species of decapod crustaceans have been described from Campanian through Paleocene rocks in the Santa Marta, López de Bertodano, and Sobral Formations of the James Ross Basin, Antarctica. Of…Microbial community dynamics and enzyme activity of an Antarctic fellfield soil during the austral summer
1 January, 1993
Microbial and enzymatic activities were measured during the 49-day austral summer of 1991 in two fellfield soil polygons (WW-5 and WW-18) at Signy I. In 0-2.5 cm cores, microbial counts…Satellite radar interferometry for monitoring ice sheet motion: application to an Antarctic ice stream
1 January, 1993
Satellite radar interferometry (SRI) provides a sensitive means of monitoring the flow velocities and grounding-line positions of ice streams, which are indicators of response of the ice sheets to climatic…Rock moisture data from Livingston Island (maritime antarctic) and implications for weathering processes
1 January, 1993
Rock moisture content was determined for rock samples on different aspects of rock outcrops on Livingston Island during a summer season. As a result of the dominant rainbearing northerly winds…Granite generation and rapid unroofing related to strike-slip faulting, Aysén, Chile
1 January, 1993
A stock of biotite-muscovite-garnet leucogranite crops out in the lower course of Río Cisnes as an unusual minor lithology within the predominantly dioritic to tonalitic North Patagonian Batholith. Foliated and…Read more on Granite generation and rapid unroofing related to strike-slip faulting, Aysén, Chile
Modelling the dynamics of ice sheets
1 January, 1993 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
Although the mechanics and qualitative dynamics of grounded ice sheets and ice shelves are fairly well understood, this is not true for the transition between the two. In consequence, the…Elephant seal genetic variation and the use of simulation models to investigate historical population bottlenecks
1 January, 1993
Because the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostrus) was heavily exploited during the 19th century, it experienced an extreme population bottleneck. Since then, under legislative protection in the United States and…Trace-element and isotopic characteristics of small-degree melts of the asthenosphere: Evidence from the alkalic basalts of the Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 1993
Miocene-Recent continental alkalic basalts were erupted along the Antarctic Peninsula as a result of decompressional melting of the asthenosphere caused by the formation of slab-windows beneath the continental margin following…Trench-proximal volcanism following ridge crest-trench collision along the Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 1993 by Robert Larter
On the basis of multichannel seismic reflection, magnetics and bathymetry data, a Pleistocene-Holocene (On the preferred source location for the convective amplification of ion cyclotron waves
1 January, 1993 by Richard Horne
The propagation, growth and absorption of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves in the Pc 1 frequency range is investigated using the HOTRAY ray tracing program for a realistic distribution of thermal…Decadal timescale links between Antarctic Peninsula ice-core oxygen-18, deuterium and temperature
1 January, 1993
The Antarctic Peninsula region has exprienced a long-term warming trend over the twentieth century, with the 1971-90 mean at Faraday being 1.9°C warmer than the mean over 1903-41 based on…The depositional pattern and distribution of glacial-interglacial sequences on the Antarctic Peninsula Pacific margin
1 January, 1993 by Robert Larter
The outer shelf on the Antarctic Peninsula Pacific margin south of 63°30′S is underlain by Pliocene-Pleistocene prograding sequences which have been produced mainly by the action of ice sheets grounded…Water as a limiting factor in the Antarctic terrestrial environment: a biogeographical synthesis
1 January, 1993
The question is posed: "what limits the presence, distribution, and abundance of life in Antarctica?" Traditionally, continental isolation has been considered to restrict the arrival of new species and extreme…Seismic characteristics of an airgun fired over snow
1 January, 1993 by Ed King
An alternative seismic source was investigated in an experiment conducted near Rothera Station, Antarctic Peninsula. The source was an airgun fired above the snow surface. Comparison shots using explosive and…Read more on Seismic characteristics of an airgun fired over snow
Control of near-surface winds over an Antarctic ice shelf
1 January, 1993 by John King
Simple models are used to assess the factors controlling near-surface winds over an Antarctic ice shelf. Observations from Halley Station and an automatic weather station situated close to the coastal…Read more on Control of near-surface winds over an Antarctic ice shelf
Ionospheric convection response to slow, strong variations in a northward interplanetary magnetic field: A case study for January 14, 1988
1 January, 1993
We analyze ionospheric convection patterns over the polar regions during the passage of an interplanetary magnetic cloud on January 14, 1988, when the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) rotated slowly in…Effects of maternal age and condition on parturition and the perinatal period of Antarctic fur seals
1 January, 1993
The effect of maternal age and condition on the date of parturition and the duration of the perinatal period of Antarctic fur seals at Bird Island, South Georgia, were investigated…Seafloor spreading in the Weddell Sea and southwest Atlantic since the Late Cretaceous
1 January, 1993
Geosat radar altimetry defines a pattern of closely spaced curvilinear gravity anomalies in the northern Weddell Sea and adjacent parts of the southwest Atlantic. These anomalies are caused by a…Read more on Seafloor spreading in the Weddell Sea and southwest Atlantic since the Late Cretaceous
Antarctic larval fish assemblages: a review
1 January, 1993
Larval fish assemblages are considered within the context of the unique ichthyofauna which evolved in Antarctic waters as a result of environmental cooling, glaciation, and isolation by the Antarctic polar…Factors affecting the growth rate and mass at weaning of Antarctic fur seals at Bird Island, South Georgia
1 January, 1993
We studied the influence of sex of pup, maternal age, birth date of pup, number of foraging trips, and the mean duration of foraging trips at sea and nursing visits…Controls on sedimentation at convergent plate-margins
1 January, 1993
Convergent margins are areas of geological complexity. Basins which occur in the same position relative to a volcanic arc may owe their origin to more than one process of formation.…Read more on Controls on sedimentation at convergent plate-margins
Interpretation of acoustic data at two frequencies to discriminate between Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana) and other scatterers
1 January, 1993 by Eugene Murphy
A visual classification was carried out of echo trace characteristics derived from 113 integration intervals of 1 n mi (nautical mile) each taken from the Southern Ocean in the area…Antarctic krill aggregation characteristics from acoustic observations in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean
1 January, 1993
The distributional features and physical characteristics of 4830 krill (Euphausia superba Dana) aggregations detected acoustically in the Southwest Atlantic between 26 January and 21 February 1981 are described. Results are…Differences in backscattering strength determined at 120 and 38 kHz for three species of Antarctic macroplankton
1 January, 1993 by Peter Ward
The ability to acoustically separate zooplankton species is an important requirement for ecological studies and to improve biomass estimates. In order to distinguish between Euphausia superba and other swarm-forming macroplankters…High-resolution dielectric profiling of ice cores
1 January, 1993
A new method for high-resolution (3 mm) dielectric profiling of ice cores is described. The method measures the capacitance and conductance of the ice at a single frequency (chosen to…Read more on High-resolution dielectric profiling of ice cores
Annual survival of Sparrowhawks Accipiter nisus breeding in three areas of Britain
1 January, 1993
Annual survival of breeding female Sparrowhawks Accipiter nisus was estimated by a capture-recapture procedure in three different areas, Eskdale and Annandale in southern Scotland and Rockingham Forest in east-central England.…Read more on Annual survival of Sparrowhawks Accipiter nisus breeding in three areas of Britain
Extending the Antarctic meteorological record using ice-sheet temperature profiles
1 January, 1993 by Keith Nicholls
Two vertical ice temperature profiles from locations in the Antarctic Peninsula unaffected by meltwater are presented. A simple time-dependent heat diffusion-advection model is used to infer broad surface temperature variations…Read more on Extending the Antarctic meteorological record using ice-sheet temperature profiles
Growth in the bivalve Yoldia eightsi at Signy Island, Antarctica, determined from internal shell increments and calcium-45 incorporation
1 January, 1993 by Andrew Clarke
The growth rate of the infaunal nuculanid bivalve Yoldia eightsi at Factory Cove, Signy Island, South Orkney Islands (maritime Antarctica), was estimated from internal shell increments and 45Ca incorporation of…Thelidium austroatlanticum (verrucariaceae), a new species from the South Orkney Islands
1 January, 1993
Thelidium austroatlanticum sp. nov. is described from Signy island; it is characterized by an epilithic thallus, more or less appressed involucrellum, and 1-septate spores 30–40 μm long. Thelidium incavatum is…Summer and winter diet of four carnivorous copepod species around South Georgia
1 January, 1993 by Peter Ward
The natural diets of adult female Euchaeta antarctica, E. farrani, E. rasa and E. biloba, as well as male and female copepod stage V E. antarctica, were compared through gut…Read more on Summer and winter diet of four carnivorous copepod species around South Georgia