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Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx/NOx interaction
1 January, 1985 by Jonathan Shanklin
Recent attempts1,2 to consolidate assessments of the effect of human activities on stratospheric ozone (O3) using one-dimensional models for 30° N have suggested that perturbations of total O3 will remain…Read more on Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx/NOx interaction
Ozone photochemistry in the Antarctic stratosphere in summer
1 January, 1985
Ozone photochemistry over Antarctica in summer has been examined using a 1‐D model. With diffusive transport alone, the predicted ozone decay rates from the December (summer) solstice to the March…Read more on Ozone photochemistry in the Antarctic stratosphere in summer
Breeding of the Trindade Petrel Pterodroma arminjoniana on Round Island, Mauritius
1 January, 1985
Round Island (19°51'S, 57°47'E), an uninhabited volcanic islet lying 14 miles NNE of the Mauritian mainland, provides locally important breeding grounds for four species of seabirds; the Trindade Petrel Pterodroma…Read more on Breeding of the Trindade Petrel Pterodroma arminjoniana on Round Island, Mauritius
Storage carbohydrate production and overwintering strategy in a winter-green tussock grass on South Georgia (Sub Antarctic)
1 January, 1985
Water-soluble and ethanol-soluble carbohydrates were extracted from leaves, shoots, roots, rhizomes and flowers ofParodiochloa flabellata (Lam.) Rasp. (=Poa flabellata (Lam.) Hook f.) throughout a growing season. Very high levels of…Light climate and phytoplankton photosynthesis in maritime Antarctic lakes
1 January, 1985
The responses of phytoplankton populations to seasonal changes in radiation flux in two Antarctic lakes with extensive winter ice-cover are described. A phytoplankton capable of photosynthesis was found throughout the…Read more on Light climate and phytoplankton photosynthesis in maritime Antarctic lakes
The role of prolactin during incubation: Comparative studies of three Diomedea albatrosses
1 January, 1985
There is much recent evidence that prolactin is an important influence on parental and incubatory behaviour in birds. In this study prolactin was measured at various stages of the breeding…The absence of krill from the South Georgia zone, winter 1983
1 January, 1985
An extremely low abundance of the Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, was observed in the Scotia Sea during the austral winter of 1983. The decline could not be attributed to any…Read more on The absence of krill from the South Georgia zone, winter 1983
Conservation and protection of marine mammals: past, present and future
1 January, 1985
This paper reviews some of the major issues, programs and events that have led to the current state of marine mammal populations, management goals and management programs worldwide. It notes…Read more on Conservation and protection of marine mammals: past, present and future
Mid-latitude Pi 2 pulsations, geosynchronous substorm onset signatures and auroral zone currents on March 22, 1979: CDAW 6
1 January, 1985
We relate the mid‐latitude Pi 2 pulsation signatures observed using the Air Force Geophysics Laboratory Magnetometer Network during the March 22, 1979, Sixth Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop interval to the…The effects of freeze-thaw cycles and leaching on the loss of soluble carbohydrates from leaf material of two subantarctic plants
1 January, 1985
Leaves and litter of two phanerogams (Acaena magellanica (Lam.) Vahl and Poa flabellata (Lam.) Hook. f.) were collected in spring on the subantarctic island of South Georgia. Leaves immersed in…Submarine glide blocks from the Lower Cretaceous of the Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 1985
Isolated exotic blocks of late Jurassic age occur within an undeformed succession of marine Lower Cretaceous back‐arc basin deposits on the west coast of James Ross Island, Antarctica. These flat,…Read more on Submarine glide blocks from the Lower Cretaceous of the Antarctic Peninsula
The genus Thalassiosira (Bacillariophyceae): studies on species occurring south of the Antarctic Convergence Zone
1 January, 1985
Species of the genus Thalassiosira are abundant in the oceanic waters south of the Antarctic Convergence Zone. Species within the genus are differentiated on the basis of arrangement and density…Evolutionary adaptation of muscle power output to environmental temperature: force-velocity characteristics of skinned fibres isolated from antarctic, temperate and tropical marine fish
1 January, 1985
1. Single fast fibres were isolated from the myotomal muscles of icefish (Chaenocephalus aceratus Lönnberg, Antarctica), North Sea Cod (Gadus morhua L.) and Pacific Blue Marlin (Makaira nigricans Wakiya, Hawaii).…Contractile and metabolic characteristics of muscle fibres from Antarctic fish
1 January, 1985
Contractile properties were determined for muscles from three species ofAntarctic fish with broadly similar activity patterns:Trematomus hansoni, Notothenia rossii and Chaenocephalus aceratus. C. aceratus differs from theother species in that…Read more on Contractile and metabolic characteristics of muscle fibres from Antarctic fish
The comparative breeding biology of Adelie and Chinstrap Penguins Pygoscelis adeliae and P. antarctica at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands
1 January, 1985
Adélie Penguins and Chinstrap Penguins breed in abundance at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, which is near the northern breeding limit of the former but in the centre of the…The food and feeding ecology of Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) and Chinstrap penguins (P. antarctica) at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands
1 January, 1985
Adélie Pygoscelis adeliae and Chinstrap P. antarctica penguins are important consumers of Southern Ocean marine resources. The stomach contents of adult penguins at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, were analysed…Orientation studies of waterlogged wood: A paleocurrent indicator?
1 January, 1985
Fossil wood has been used extensively as a paleocurrent indicator, and published evidence suggests that it may be aligned either parallel or perpendicular to a unidirectional current. Flume experiments on…Read more on Orientation studies of waterlogged wood: A paleocurrent indicator?
An interhemispheric comparison of the concentrations of bromine compounds in the atmosphere
1 January, 1985
At least seven organic bromine compounds have been positively identified in the atmosphere1,2 (CH3Br, CH2Br2, CHBr3, CH2BrCl, CF3Br, CF2BrCl and C2H4Br2) and others have been observed in coastal seawater samples…Observations of a day-time mid-latitude ionospheric trough
1 January, 1985 by Michael Pinnock
A summer, dayside, mid-latitude trough detected by a digital ionosonde located at Halley (76°S, 27°W, L = 4.2) is described. The trough is found to be present in the F2-region…Read more on Observations of a day-time mid-latitude ionospheric trough
Dielectric behaviour of firn and ice from the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica
1 January, 1985
Dielectric experiments have been undertaken at temperatures between −2° and −70° C in the frequency range 10Hz to 100 kHz on 14 firn and ice samples retrieved from the Antarctic…Read more on Dielectric behaviour of firn and ice from the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica
Modelling the plasmasphere for the international reference ionosphere
1 January, 1985
The paper discusses how profiles of electron and/or ion distributions that are produced by two different computer models can be smoothly coupled together. The first of these models is the…Read more on Modelling the plasmasphere for the international reference ionosphere
Brood reduction in the Blue-eyed Shag Phalacrocorax atriceps
1 January, 1985
Brood reduction is common in a population of Blue‐eyed Shags on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands. This paper describes possible adaptations which may reduce the brood. In clutches of three,…Read more on Brood reduction in the Blue-eyed Shag Phalacrocorax atriceps
Modelling studies of ionospheric convection in northern and southern polar regions
1 January, 1985
The realistic model of Quegan et al. has been used to investigate the convection paths of ionospheric plasma at 300 km altitude, for different polar cap radii and in both…Read more on Modelling studies of ionospheric convection in northern and southern polar regions
Protremaster, a new Lower Jurassic genus of asteroid from Antarctica
1 January, 1985
A new and well-preserved.asteroid, Protremaster uniserialis (gen. & sp.nov.) is described from the Lower Jurassic (Sinemurian) of Antarctica. This find extends the fossil record of the family Asterinidae and the…Read more on Protremaster, a new Lower Jurassic genus of asteroid from Antarctica
A statistical analysis of the relationships among viable microbial populations, vegetation, and environment in a subantarctic tundra
1 January, 1985
Parametric and nonparametric analyses were used to investigate the relationships between the populations of viable microbes and 4 edaphic variables — soil moisture, rainfall, temperature, and pH. Microbial populations were…New southernmost record for Antarctic flowering plants
1 January, 1985
Smith (1982) reported the discovery in 1981 of Antarctic hair grass Deschampsia antarctica Desv. on the largest of the Refuge Islands (68° 21' S) in Marguerite Bay, off the south-west…Read more on New southernmost record for Antarctic flowering plants
The natural history of Beauchêne Island
1 January, 1985
Beauchêne Island is the most isolated of the Falkland Islands archipelago and until the authors' visit there in 1980 little was known or published about the island and its biota…Ignimbrites of the Cerro Galan caldera, NW Argentina
1 January, 1985
The 35 × 20 km Cerro Galán resurgent caldera is the largest post-Miocene caldera so far identified in the Andes. The Cerro Galán complex developed on a late pre-Cambrian to…Read more on Ignimbrites of the Cerro Galan caldera, NW Argentina
First measurements of thermospheric winds in Antarctica by an optical ground-based method
1 January, 1985
The installation of a Fabry–Perot interferometer at Halley (75.5° S, 26.8° W; L = 4.2), Antarctica, has now allowed the first comparison to be made between Southern Hemisphere ground-based thermospheric…Crustal growth of the Antarctic Peninsula by accretion, magmatism and extension
1 January, 1985
A subduction-accretion model incorporating new geophysical data is presented to explain the geology of the Antarctic Peninsula from late Palaeozoic to Cenozoic time. According to the model, the peninsula consists…Read more on Crustal growth of the Antarctic Peninsula by accretion, magmatism and extension
Petrogenesis of metamorphic rocks within a subduction-accretion terrane, Signy Island, South Orkney Islands
1 January, 1985
Whole‐rock and mineral analyses of polydeformed mica‐schist, quartzite, marble and amphibolite are presented from Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, part of the Scotia metamorphic complex. Whole‐rock chemistry suggests that the…A distant look at the cryosphere
1 January, 1985
Ninety nine per cent of all the fresh water on the surface of the Earth is in the form of ice. Observations from space have revealed more about the ice…Profile: Albert Borlase Armitage
1 January, 1985
Albert Armitage was the second in command of both the Jackson-Harmsworth expedition of 1884–1897 and R. F. Scott's British National Antarctic Expedition, 1901–1904. He never led an expedition himself; as…Nocturnal changes in the mean length of a euphausiid population: vertical migration, net avoidance, or experimental error?
1 January, 1985 by Jonathan Watkins
The lengths of 9 421 Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba Dana, from 144 net samples from 4 depth ranges at the same location (north east of South Georgia) were measured over…Closer to a true value for heavy metal concentrations in recent Antarctic snow by improved contamination control
1 January, 1985 by Eric Wolff
Recent snow from two sites in the Antarctic Peninsula has been analyzed for Al, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. Measurement of full procedural blanks and of the extent of penetration…The record of global pollution in polar snow and ice
1 January, 1985 by Eric Wolff
Many attempts have been made to trace increases in global pollution from the record of impurities preserved in polar snow and ice layers. Although inadequate sampling and analysis techniques have…Read more on The record of global pollution in polar snow and ice
Photofading retardant for epifluorescence microscopy in soil micro-ecological studies
1 January, 1985
Citifluor, a photofading retardant for epifluorescence studies, was evaluated as a mountant for enhancing algal autofluorescence and Acridine Orange (AO) fluorescence of bacteria and fungi in mineral soils from Antarctic…Read more on Photofading retardant for epifluorescence microscopy in soil micro-ecological studies
Thermal dependence of contractile properties of single skinned muscle fibres from Antarctic and various warm water marine fishes including Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) and Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis)
1 January, 1984
Single fast fibres and small bundles of slow fibres were isolated from the trunk muscles of an Antarctic (Notothenia neglecta) and various warm water marine fishes (Blue Crevally,Carangus melampygus; Grey…The plasma physics of the Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorers (AMPTE) mission
1 January, 1984
The three-spacecraft AMPTE Mission was due to commence in August 1984. The purpose of these 'active' experiments was firstly to release lithium into the solar wind and to use the…Current, temperature, and salinity beneath George VI Ice Shelf, Antarctica
1 January, 1984
Speed, direction, temperature, and conductivity were recorded from February to July 1980 within the thermocline near the northern ice front of George VI Ice Shelf. There were no significant changes…Read more on Current, temperature, and salinity beneath George VI Ice Shelf, Antarctica